[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"site-nav-en":3,"site-nav-reference-en":2531,"site-nav-en-all":3224,"event-categories-en":4735,"site-settings":4987,"node-en-wudang-mountain\u002Fnatural-landscape\u002Fold-trees-living-heritage":5029},{"data":4},{"header":5,"footer":2506},[6,826,1009,1155,1651,1873,2182,2502],{"to":7,"label":8,"label_zh":9,"children":10},"\u002Fdao","TAO","道",[11,52,342,707,740,772,814,818,822],{"to":12,"label":13,"label_zh":14,"children":15},"\u002Fdao\u002Fintroduction","Begin with the Tao","道学入门",[16,20,24,28,32,36,40,44,48],{"to":17,"label":18,"label_zh":19},"\u002Fdao\u002Fintroduction\u002Fwhat-is-taoism","What Is Taoism? A Map of Texts, Traditions and Practice","什么是道家与道教？经典、传统与实践地图",{"to":21,"label":22,"label_zh":23},"\u002Fdao\u002Fintroduction\u002Fthe-dao-explained","Tao: The Source of All Things","道生万物",{"to":25,"label":26,"label_zh":27},"\u002Fdao\u002Fintroduction\u002Fcore-ideas","Core Ideas: Wu Wei, Yin-Yang & Ziran","核心概念：无为、阴阳与自然",{"to":29,"label":30,"label_zh":31},"\u002Fdao\u002Fintroduction\u002Fphilosophical-vs-religious","Philosophical and Religious Taoism: Distinct Paths, Shared Traditions","道家与道教：不同路径，共同传统",{"to":33,"label":34,"label_zh":35},"\u002Fdao\u002Fintroduction\u002Fa-short-history","A Short History of Taoism","道家与道教简史",{"to":37,"label":38,"label_zh":39},"\u002Fdao\u002Fintroduction\u002Fkey-texts","Key Texts at a Glance","主要经典一览",{"to":41,"label":42,"label_zh":43},"\u002Fdao\u002Fintroduction\u002Feveryday-life","Taoism in Everyday Life","道家思想与日常生活",{"to":45,"label":46,"label_zh":47},"\u002Fdao\u002Fintroduction\u002Funderstanding-taoism-in-context","Understanding Taoism in Context","认识道家与道教的文化脉络",{"to":49,"label":50,"label_zh":51},"\u002Fdao\u002Fintroduction\u002Fwhere-to-go-next","Where to Go Next","接下来读什么",{"to":53,"label":54,"label_zh":55,"children":56},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing","I Ching","易经",[57,61,65,326,330,334,338],{"to":58,"label":59,"label_zh":60},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Forigins-history","Origins & History of the I Ching","《易经》是怎么来的",{"to":62,"label":63,"label_zh":64},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Feight-trigrams","The Eight Trigrams (Bagua)","八卦：八个符号各是什么",{"to":66,"label":67,"label_zh":68,"children":69},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams","The 64 Hexagrams","周易六十四卦总览：卦象、六爻与现代应用",[70,74,78,82,86,90,94,98,102,106,110,114,118,122,126,130,134,138,142,146,150,154,158,162,166,170,174,178,182,186,190,194,198,202,206,210,214,218,222,226,230,234,238,242,246,250,254,258,262,266,270,274,278,282,286,290,294,298,302,306,310,314,318,322],{"to":71,"label":72,"label_zh":73},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-01-qian","1 · Qian 乾 ䷀","第一卦 乾 ䷀",{"to":75,"label":76,"label_zh":77},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-02-kun","2 · Kun 坤 ䷁","第二卦 坤 ䷁",{"to":79,"label":80,"label_zh":81},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-03-zhun","3 · Zhun 屯 ䷂","第三卦 屯 ䷂",{"to":83,"label":84,"label_zh":85},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-04-meng","4 · Meng 蒙 ䷃","第四卦 蒙 ䷃",{"to":87,"label":88,"label_zh":89},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-05-xu","5 · Xu 需 ䷄","第五卦 需 ䷄",{"to":91,"label":92,"label_zh":93},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-06-song","6 · Song 讼 ䷅","第六卦 讼 ䷅",{"to":95,"label":96,"label_zh":97},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-07-shi","7 · Shi 师 ䷆","第七卦 师 ䷆",{"to":99,"label":100,"label_zh":101},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-08-bi","8 · Bi 比 ䷇","第八卦 比 ䷇",{"to":103,"label":104,"label_zh":105},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-09-xiao-xu","9 · Xiao Xu 小畜 ䷈","第九卦 小畜 ䷈",{"to":107,"label":108,"label_zh":109},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-10-lu","10 · Lü 履 ䷉","第十卦 履 ䷉",{"to":111,"label":112,"label_zh":113},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-11-tai","11 · Tai 泰 ䷊","第十一卦 泰 ䷊",{"to":115,"label":116,"label_zh":117},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-12-pi","12 · Pi 否 ䷋","第十二卦 否 ䷋",{"to":119,"label":120,"label_zh":121},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-13-tong-ren","13 · Tong Ren 同人 ䷌","第十三卦 同人 ䷌",{"to":123,"label":124,"label_zh":125},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-14-da-you","14 · Da You 大有 ䷍","第十四卦 大有 ䷍",{"to":127,"label":128,"label_zh":129},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-15-qian-modesty","15 · Qian 谦 ䷎","第十五卦 谦 ䷎",{"to":131,"label":132,"label_zh":133},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-16-yu","16 · Yu 豫 ䷏","第十六卦 豫 ䷏",{"to":135,"label":136,"label_zh":137},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-17-sui","17 · Sui 随 ䷐","第十七卦 随 ䷐",{"to":139,"label":140,"label_zh":141},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-18-gu","18 · Gu 蛊 ䷑","第十八卦 蛊 ䷑",{"to":143,"label":144,"label_zh":145},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-19-lin","19 · Lin 临 ䷒","第十九卦 临 ䷒",{"to":147,"label":148,"label_zh":149},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-20-guan","20 · Guan 观 ䷓","第二十卦 观 ䷓",{"to":151,"label":152,"label_zh":153},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-21-shi-he","21 · Shi He 噬嗑 ䷔","第二十一卦 噬嗑 ䷔",{"to":155,"label":156,"label_zh":157},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-22-bi","22 · Bi 贲 ䷕","第二十二卦 贲 ䷕",{"to":159,"label":160,"label_zh":161},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-23-bo","23 · Bo 剥 ䷖","第二十三卦 剥 ䷖",{"to":163,"label":164,"label_zh":165},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-24-fu","24 · Fu 复 ䷗","第二十四卦 复 ䷗",{"to":167,"label":168,"label_zh":169},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-25-wu-wang","25 · Wu Wang 无妄 ䷘","第二十五卦 无妄 ䷘",{"to":171,"label":172,"label_zh":173},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-26-da-xu","26 · Da Xu 大畜 ䷙","第二十六卦 大畜 ䷙",{"to":175,"label":176,"label_zh":177},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-27-yi","27 · Yi 颐 ䷚","第二十七卦 颐 ䷚",{"to":179,"label":180,"label_zh":181},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-28-da-guo","28 · Da Guo 大过 ䷛","第二十八卦 大过 ䷛",{"to":183,"label":184,"label_zh":185},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-29-kan","29 · Kan 坎 ䷜","第二十九卦 坎 ䷜",{"to":187,"label":188,"label_zh":189},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-30-li","30 · Li 离 ䷝","第三十卦 离 ䷝",{"to":191,"label":192,"label_zh":193},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-31-xian","31 · Xian 咸 ䷞","第三十一卦 咸 ䷞",{"to":195,"label":196,"label_zh":197},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-32-heng","32 · Heng 恒 ䷟","第三十二卦 恒 ䷟",{"to":199,"label":200,"label_zh":201},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-33-dun","33 · Dun 遁 ䷠","第三十三卦 遁 ䷠",{"to":203,"label":204,"label_zh":205},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-34-da-zhuang","34 · Da Zhuang 大壮 ䷡","第三十四卦 大壮 ䷡",{"to":207,"label":208,"label_zh":209},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-35-jin","35 · Jin 晋 ䷢","第三十五卦 晋 ䷢",{"to":211,"label":212,"label_zh":213},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-36-ming-yi","36 · Ming Yi 明夷 ䷣","第三十六卦 明夷 ䷣",{"to":215,"label":216,"label_zh":217},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-37-jia-ren","37 · Jia Ren 家人 ䷤","第三十七卦 家人 ䷤",{"to":219,"label":220,"label_zh":221},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-38-kui","38 · Kui 睽 ䷥","第三十八卦 睽 ䷥",{"to":223,"label":224,"label_zh":225},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-39-jian","39 · Jian 蹇 ䷦","第三十九卦 蹇 ䷦",{"to":227,"label":228,"label_zh":229},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-40-jie","40 · Jie 解 ䷧","第四十卦 解 ䷧",{"to":231,"label":232,"label_zh":233},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-41-sun","41 · Sun 损 ䷨","第四十一卦 损 ䷨",{"to":235,"label":236,"label_zh":237},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-42-yi","42 · Yi 益 ䷩","第四十二卦 益 ䷩",{"to":239,"label":240,"label_zh":241},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-43-guai","43 · Guai 夬 ䷪","第四十三卦 夬 ䷪",{"to":243,"label":244,"label_zh":245},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-44-gou","44 · Gou 姤 ䷫","第四十四卦 姤 ䷫",{"to":247,"label":248,"label_zh":249},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-45-cui","45 · Cui 萃 ䷬","第四十五卦 萃 ䷬",{"to":251,"label":252,"label_zh":253},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-46-sheng","46 · Sheng 升 ䷭","第四十六卦 升 ䷭",{"to":255,"label":256,"label_zh":257},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-47-kun","47 · Kun 困 ䷮","第四十七卦 困 ䷮",{"to":259,"label":260,"label_zh":261},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-48-jing","48 · Jing 井 ䷯","第四十八卦 井 ䷯",{"to":263,"label":264,"label_zh":265},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-49-ge","49 · Ge 革 ䷰","第四十九卦 革 ䷰",{"to":267,"label":268,"label_zh":269},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-50-ding","50 · Ding 鼎 ䷱","第五十卦 鼎 ䷱",{"to":271,"label":272,"label_zh":273},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-51-zhen","51 · Zhen 震 ䷲","第五十一卦 震 ䷲",{"to":275,"label":276,"label_zh":277},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-52-gen","52 · Gen 艮 ䷳","第五十二卦 艮 ䷳",{"to":279,"label":280,"label_zh":281},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-53-jian","53 · Jian 渐 ䷴","第五十三卦 渐 ䷴",{"to":283,"label":284,"label_zh":285},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-54-gui-mei","54 · Gui Mei 归妹 ䷵","第五十四卦 归妹 ䷵",{"to":287,"label":288,"label_zh":289},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-55-feng","55 · Feng 丰 ䷶","第五十五卦 丰 ䷶",{"to":291,"label":292,"label_zh":293},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-56-lu","56 · Lü 旅 ䷷","第五十六卦 旅 ䷷",{"to":295,"label":296,"label_zh":297},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-57-xun","57 · Xun 巽 ䷸","第五十七卦 巽 ䷸",{"to":299,"label":300,"label_zh":301},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-58-dui","58 · Dui 兑 ䷹","第五十八卦 兑 ䷹",{"to":303,"label":304,"label_zh":305},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-59-huan","59 · Huan 涣 ䷺","第五十九卦 涣 ䷺",{"to":307,"label":308,"label_zh":309},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-60-jie","60 · Jie 节 ䷻","第六十卦 节 ䷻",{"to":311,"label":312,"label_zh":313},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-61-zhong-fu","61 · Zhong Fu 中孚 ䷼","第六十一卦 中孚 ䷼",{"to":315,"label":316,"label_zh":317},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-62-xiao-guo","62 · Xiao Guo 小过 ䷽","第六十二卦 小过 ䷽",{"to":319,"label":320,"label_zh":321},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-63-ji-ji","63 · Ji Ji 既济 ䷾","第六十三卦 既济 ䷾",{"to":323,"label":324,"label_zh":325},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fthe-64-hexagrams\u002Fhexagram-64-wei-ji","64 · Wei Ji 未济 ䷿","第六十四卦 未济 ䷿",{"to":327,"label":328,"label_zh":329},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fyin-yang-philosophy","Yin, Yang & the Philosophy of Change","阴阳：变化与相互关系的哲学",{"to":331,"label":332,"label_zh":333},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fdivination-method-practice","Divination Method & Practice","怎么起卦，历代又怎么看这件事",{"to":335,"label":336,"label_zh":337},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Ftaoism-connection","The I Ching in Taoist Practice","《易经》与道家修行",{"to":339,"label":340,"label_zh":341},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing\u002Fkey-translations-further-reading","Key Translations & Further Reading","读《易》该用什么本子，按什么顺序读",{"to":343,"label":344,"label_zh":345,"children":346},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing","Tao Te Ching","道德经",[347,351,355,359,363,367,371,374,703],{"to":348,"label":349,"label_zh":350},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Forigins-authorship","Origins & Authorship of the Tao Te Ching","《老子》是谁写的，什么时候成书",{"to":352,"label":353,"label_zh":354},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Fstructure-of-the-text","Structure of the Text","八十一章是怎么分的，这本书为什么难读",{"to":356,"label":357,"label_zh":358},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Fcore-themes","Core Themes: Tao, Wu Wei & Naturalness","道、无为、自然：三个被用滥的词",{"to":360,"label":361,"label_zh":362},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Fsimplicity-humility-the-uncarved-block","Simplicity, Humility & the Uncarved Block","朴、素、水：为什么推崇未加工的状态",{"to":364,"label":365,"label_zh":366},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Fgovernance-the-sage-ruler","Governance & the Sage Ruler","治国：无为落到政治上是什么样，又怎么被用歪",{"to":368,"label":369,"label_zh":370},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ftaoism-connection","The Tao Te Ching in Taoist Practice","一本哲学书怎么变成了道教经典",{"to":372,"label":340,"label_zh":373},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Fkey-translations-further-reading","读《老子》该用什么本子，按什么顺序读",{"to":375,"label":376,"label_zh":377,"children":378},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text","Complete Tao Te Ching","《道德经》全文",[379,383,387,391,395,399,403,407,411,415,419,423,427,431,435,439,443,447,451,455,459,463,467,471,475,479,483,487,491,495,499,503,507,511,515,519,523,527,531,535,539,543,547,551,555,559,563,567,571,575,579,583,587,591,595,599,603,607,611,615,619,623,627,631,635,639,643,647,651,655,659,663,667,671,675,679,683,687,691,695,699],{"to":380,"label":381,"label_zh":382},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-01","Chapter 1 — The Tao Beyond Names","第一章　道可道，非常道",{"to":384,"label":385,"label_zh":386},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-02","Chapter 2 — Opposites Arise Together","第二章　有无相生",{"to":388,"label":389,"label_zh":390},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-03","Chapter 3 — Quieting Rivalry","第三章　为无为，则无不治",{"to":392,"label":393,"label_zh":394},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-04","Chapter 4 — The Empty Source","第四章　道冲而用之",{"to":396,"label":397,"label_zh":398},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-05","Chapter 5 — The Bellows of Heaven and Earth","第五章　天地之间",{"to":400,"label":401,"label_zh":402},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-06","Chapter 6 — The Valley Spirit","第六章　谷神不死",{"to":404,"label":405,"label_zh":406},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-07","Chapter 7 — Lasting Beyond the Self","第七章　天长地久",{"to":408,"label":409,"label_zh":410},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-08","Chapter 8 — The Goodness of Water","第八章　上善若水",{"to":412,"label":413,"label_zh":414},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-09","Chapter 9 — Knowing When to Stop","第九章　功成身退",{"to":416,"label":417,"label_zh":418},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-10","Chapter 10 — Holding the One","第十章　抱一与玄德",{"to":420,"label":421,"label_zh":422},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-11","Chapter 11 — The Usefulness of Empty Space","第十一章　无之以为用",{"to":424,"label":425,"label_zh":426},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-12","Chapter 12 — Guarding the Senses","第十二章　为腹不为目",{"to":428,"label":429,"label_zh":430},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-13","Chapter 13 — Honour, Disgrace, and the Self","第十三章　宠辱若惊",{"to":432,"label":433,"label_zh":434},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-14","Chapter 14 — The Formless Form","第十四章　无状之状",{"to":436,"label":437,"label_zh":438},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-15","Chapter 15 — The Ancient Masters","第十五章　古之善为士者",{"to":440,"label":441,"label_zh":442},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-16","Chapter 16 — Returning to the Root","第十六章　归根曰静",{"to":444,"label":445,"label_zh":446},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-17","Chapter 17 — Leadership That Leaves No Burden","第十七章　百姓皆谓我自然",{"to":448,"label":449,"label_zh":450},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-18","Chapter 18 — When the Great Tao Is Lost","第十八章　大道废，有仁义",{"to":452,"label":453,"label_zh":454},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-19","Chapter 19 — Returning to Simplicity","第十九章　见素抱朴",{"to":456,"label":457,"label_zh":458},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-20","Chapter 20 — Different from the Crowd","第二十章　我独异于人",{"to":460,"label":461,"label_zh":462},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-21","Chapter 21 — Following the Tao","第二十一章　孔德之容",{"to":464,"label":465,"label_zh":466},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-22","Chapter 22 — Bending Without Breaking","第二十二章　曲则全",{"to":468,"label":469,"label_zh":470},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-23","Chapter 23 — Few Words, Natural Action","第二十三章　希言自然",{"to":472,"label":473,"label_zh":474},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-24","Chapter 24 — Standing Without Straining","第二十四章　企者不立",{"to":476,"label":477,"label_zh":478},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-25","Chapter 25 — The Way of Nature","第二十五章　道法自然",{"to":480,"label":481,"label_zh":482},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-26","Chapter 26 — Rooted in Stillness","第二十六章　重为轻根",{"to":484,"label":485,"label_zh":486},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-27","Chapter 27 — Leaving No One Behind","第二十七章　无弃人，无弃物",{"to":488,"label":489,"label_zh":490},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-28","Chapter 28 — Returning to the Uncarved Block","第二十八章　复归于朴",{"to":492,"label":493,"label_zh":494},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-29","Chapter 29 — The World Is Not an Object","第二十九章　天下神器不可为",{"to":496,"label":497,"label_zh":498},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-30","Chapter 30 — Power Without Domination","第三十章　果而勿强",{"to":500,"label":501,"label_zh":502},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-31","Chapter 31 — Victory Without Celebration","第三十一章　胜而不美",{"to":504,"label":505,"label_zh":506},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-32","Chapter 32 — The Nameless Simplicity","第三十二章　知止不殆",{"to":508,"label":509,"label_zh":510},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-33","Chapter 33 — Knowing Yourself","第三十三章　自知者明",{"to":512,"label":513,"label_zh":514},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-34","Chapter 34 — Great Without Possessing","第三十四章　终不自为大",{"to":516,"label":517,"label_zh":518},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-35","Chapter 35 — The Great Image","第三十五章　执大象",{"to":520,"label":521,"label_zh":522},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-36","Chapter 36 — Subtle Understanding","第三十六章　柔弱胜刚强",{"to":524,"label":525,"label_zh":526},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-37","Chapter 37 — Acting Without Forcing","第三十七章　无为而无不为",{"to":528,"label":529,"label_zh":530},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-38","Chapter 38 — The Descent from Tao to Ritual","第三十八章　上德不德",{"to":532,"label":533,"label_zh":534},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-39","Chapter 39 — Rooted in the One","第三十九章　得一",{"to":536,"label":537,"label_zh":538},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-40","Chapter 40 — Returning and Yielding","第四十章　反者道之动",{"to":540,"label":541,"label_zh":542},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-41","Chapter 41 — The Tao That Appears Contrary","第四十一章　道隐无名",{"to":544,"label":545,"label_zh":546},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-42","Chapter 42 — Yin, Yang, and Harmony","第四十二章　负阴抱阳",{"to":548,"label":549,"label_zh":550},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-43","Chapter 43 — The Softest Overcomes the Hardest","第四十三章　至柔驰骋至坚",{"to":552,"label":553,"label_zh":554},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-44","Chapter 44 — Life Before Reputation","第四十四章　知足不辱",{"to":556,"label":557,"label_zh":558},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-45","Chapter 45 — Great Completion Seems Incomplete","第四十五章　清静为天下正",{"to":560,"label":561,"label_zh":562},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-46","Chapter 46 — The Sufficiency of Contentment","第四十六章　知足之足",{"to":564,"label":565,"label_zh":566},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-47","Chapter 47 — Knowing Without Travelling Far","第四十七章　不出户知天下",{"to":568,"label":569,"label_zh":570},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-48","Chapter 48 — Learning by Letting Go","第四十八章　为道日损",{"to":572,"label":573,"label_zh":574},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-49","Chapter 49 — A Heart Open to the People","第四十九章　以百姓心为心",{"to":576,"label":577,"label_zh":578},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-50","Chapter 50 — Living Without Clinging to Life","第五十章　善摄生者",{"to":580,"label":581,"label_zh":582},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-51","Chapter 51 — Profound Virtue Nourishes","第五十一章　道生德畜",{"to":584,"label":585,"label_zh":586},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-52","Chapter 52 — Returning to the Mother","第五十二章　见小曰明",{"to":588,"label":589,"label_zh":590},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-53","Chapter 53 — The Great Way and the Side Paths","第五十三章　大道甚夷",{"to":592,"label":593,"label_zh":594},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-54","Chapter 54 — Cultivation from Self to World","第五十四章　修之于身",{"to":596,"label":597,"label_zh":598},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-55","Chapter 55 — The Vitality of the Infant","第五十五章　含德之厚",{"to":600,"label":601,"label_zh":602},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-56","Chapter 56 — Mysterious Unity","第五十六章　玄同",{"to":604,"label":605,"label_zh":606},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-57","Chapter 57 — Governing with Fewer Interferences","第五十七章　我无为而民自化",{"to":608,"label":609,"label_zh":610},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-58","Chapter 58 — Fortune Rests on Misfortune","第五十八章　祸福相倚",{"to":612,"label":613,"label_zh":614},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-59","Chapter 59 — Deep Roots and Conservation","第五十九章　深根固柢",{"to":616,"label":617,"label_zh":618},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-60","Chapter 60 — Governing Like Cooking a Small Fish","第六十章　治大国若烹小鲜",{"to":620,"label":621,"label_zh":622},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-61","Chapter 61 — The Great State Takes the Lower Place","第六十一章　大者宜为下",{"to":624,"label":625,"label_zh":626},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-62","Chapter 62 — The Refuge of All Things","第六十二章　道者万物之奥",{"to":628,"label":629,"label_zh":630},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-63","Chapter 63 — Begin with What Is Small","第六十三章　天下大事作于细",{"to":632,"label":633,"label_zh":634},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-64","Chapter 64 — Careful at the End as at the Beginning","第六十四章　慎终如始",{"to":636,"label":637,"label_zh":638},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-65","Chapter 65 — Beyond Manipulative Cleverness","第六十五章　玄德深远",{"to":640,"label":641,"label_zh":642},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-66","Chapter 66 — Leading from Below","第六十六章　善下为王",{"to":644,"label":645,"label_zh":646},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-67","Chapter 67 — The Three Treasures","第六十七章　三宝",{"to":648,"label":649,"label_zh":650},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-68","Chapter 68 — The Virtue of Non-Contention","第六十八章　不争之德",{"to":652,"label":653,"label_zh":654},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-69","Chapter 69 — Never Take the Enemy Lightly","第六十九章　哀者胜矣",{"to":656,"label":657,"label_zh":658},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-70","Chapter 70 — Plain Clothes, Jade Within","第七十章　被褐怀玉",{"to":660,"label":661,"label_zh":662},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-71","Chapter 71 — Knowing That You Do Not Know","第七十一章　知不知上",{"to":664,"label":665,"label_zh":666},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-72","Chapter 72 — Authority Without Oppression","第七十二章　自知不自见",{"to":668,"label":669,"label_zh":670},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-73","Chapter 73 — The Courage Not to Force","第七十三章　天网恢恢",{"to":672,"label":673,"label_zh":674},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-74","Chapter 74 — Do Not Take the Executioner’s Place","第七十四章　代大匠斲",{"to":676,"label":677,"label_zh":678},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-75","Chapter 75 — When Rulers Consume Too Much","第七十五章　民之饥",{"to":680,"label":681,"label_zh":682},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-76","Chapter 76 — The Living Are Soft","第七十六章　柔弱处上",{"to":684,"label":685,"label_zh":686},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-77","Chapter 77 — The Way of Heaven Is Like a Bow","第七十七章　损有余补不足",{"to":688,"label":689,"label_zh":690},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-78","Chapter 78 — Nothing Is Softer Than Water","第七十八章　柔之胜刚",{"to":692,"label":693,"label_zh":694},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-79","Chapter 79 — After a Great Resentment","第七十九章　和大怨",{"to":696,"label":697,"label_zh":698},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-80","Chapter 80 — A Small and Contented Community","第八十章　小国寡民",{"to":700,"label":701,"label_zh":702},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Ffull-text\u002Fchapter-81","Chapter 81 — The Way That Benefits Without Harm","第八十一章　为而不争",{"to":704,"label":705,"label_zh":706},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing\u002Fdao-de-jing-commentaries-heshang-gong-wang-bi-xianger","How Commentaries Change the Dao De Jing: Heshang Gong, Wang Bi and Xiang’er","注本如何改变《道德经》的读法：河上公、王弼与《想尔注》",{"to":708,"label":709,"label_zh":710,"children":711},"\u002Fdao\u002Ftaiji","Taiji","太极",[712,716,720,724,728,732,736],{"to":713,"label":714,"label_zh":715},"\u002Fdao\u002Ftaiji\u002Forigins-meaning","Origins & Meaning of Taiji","“太极”这个词从哪来，本来什么意思",{"to":717,"label":718,"label_zh":719},"\u002Fdao\u002Ftaiji\u002Ftaijitu-diagram","The Taiji Diagram (Taijitu)","太极图：阴阳互动与变化的象征",{"to":721,"label":722,"label_zh":723},"\u002Fdao\u002Ftaiji\u002Ftaiji-wuji-cosmology","Taiji, Wuji & Cosmology","从无极到万物：这套生成图式是怎么拼起来的",{"to":725,"label":726,"label_zh":727},"\u002Fdao\u002Ftaiji\u002Fyin-and-yang-within-taiji","Yin and Yang within Taiji","怎么判断一样东西是阴还是阳",{"to":729,"label":730,"label_zh":731},"\u002Fdao\u002Ftaiji\u002Ftaiji-in-neo-confucian-taoist-thought","Taiji in Neo-Confucian & Taoist Thought","同一个“太极”，理学与道教各取所需",{"to":733,"label":734,"label_zh":735},"\u002Fdao\u002Ftaiji\u002Finternal-martial-practice","Taiji and Internal Martial Practice","太极拳为什么叫太极：从哲理到动作",{"to":737,"label":738,"label_zh":739},"\u002Fdao\u002Ftaiji\u002Fkey-sources-further-reading","Key Sources & Further Reading","想深入的话，读什么",{"to":741,"label":742,"label_zh":743,"children":744},"\u002Fdao\u002Fzhuang-zi","Zhuangzi","庄子",[745,749,753,757,761,765,769],{"to":746,"label":747,"label_zh":748},"\u002Fdao\u002Fzhuang-zi\u002Flife-historical-context","Life & Historical Context of Zhuangzi","庄子这个人：一个漆园小吏和他的时代",{"to":750,"label":751,"label_zh":752},"\u002Fdao\u002Fzhuang-zi\u002Fstructure-authorship","Structure & Authorship of the Text","三十三篇，至少三批人写的",{"to":754,"label":755,"label_zh":756},"\u002Fdao\u002Fzhuang-zi\u002Fcore-themes","Core Themes: Wandering, Wu Wei & Spontaneity","逍遥、无待、技进乎道",{"to":758,"label":759,"label_zh":760},"\u002Fdao\u002Fzhuang-zi\u002Fequality-of-things","The Equality of Things & the Relativity of Perspectives","齐物不是“都一样，无所谓”",{"to":762,"label":763,"label_zh":764},"\u002Fdao\u002Fzhuang-zi\u002Ffamous-parables","Famous Parables of the Zhuangzi","那些人人知道的寓言，和总被略掉的下一句",{"to":766,"label":767,"label_zh":768},"\u002Fdao\u002Fzhuang-zi\u002Ftaoism-connection","Zhuangzi in Taoist Practice & Later Influence","从魏晋玄学到禅宗与诗画，庄子影响了什么",{"to":770,"label":340,"label_zh":771},"\u002Fdao\u002Fzhuang-zi\u002Fkey-translations-further-reading","读《庄子》该用什么本子",{"to":773,"label":774,"label_zh":775,"children":776},"\u002Fdao\u002Fclassics","Classical Library","道家经典文库",[777],{"to":778,"label":779,"label_zh":780,"children":781},"\u002Fdao\u002Fclassics\u002Fliezi","Liezi","列子：八篇总览与现代解读",[782,786,790,794,798,802,806,810],{"to":783,"label":784,"label_zh":785},"\u002Fdao\u002Fclassics\u002Fliezi\u002Fchapter-01-tian-rui","Chapter One: Tian Rui 天瑞","第一篇：天瑞",{"to":787,"label":788,"label_zh":789},"\u002Fdao\u002Fclassics\u002Fliezi\u002Fchapter-02-huang-di","Chapter Two: Huang Di 黄帝","第二篇：黄帝",{"to":791,"label":792,"label_zh":793},"\u002Fdao\u002Fclassics\u002Fliezi\u002Fchapter-03-zhou-mu-wang","Chapter Three: Zhou Mu Wang 周穆王","第三篇：周穆王",{"to":795,"label":796,"label_zh":797},"\u002Fdao\u002Fclassics\u002Fliezi\u002Fchapter-04-zhong-ni","Chapter Four: Zhong Ni 仲尼","第四篇：仲尼",{"to":799,"label":800,"label_zh":801},"\u002Fdao\u002Fclassics\u002Fliezi\u002Fchapter-05-tang-wen","Chapter Five: Tang Wen 汤问","第五篇：汤问",{"to":803,"label":804,"label_zh":805},"\u002Fdao\u002Fclassics\u002Fliezi\u002Fchapter-06-li-ming","Chapter Six: Li Ming 力命","第六篇：力命",{"to":807,"label":808,"label_zh":809},"\u002Fdao\u002Fclassics\u002Fliezi\u002Fchapter-07-yang-zhu","Chapter Seven: Yang Zhu 杨朱","第七篇：杨朱",{"to":811,"label":812,"label_zh":813},"\u002Fdao\u002Fclassics\u002Fliezi\u002Fchapter-08-shuo-fu","Chapter Eight: Shuo Fu 说符","第八篇：说符",{"to":815,"label":816,"label_zh":817},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdaoist-philosophy","Taoist Philosophy","道家哲学",{"to":819,"label":820,"label_zh":821},"\u002Fdao\u002Fwu-wei-natural-living","Wu Wei & Natural Living","无为与自然生活",{"to":823,"label":824,"label_zh":825},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdaoist-view-of-life","A Taoist View of Life","道家人生观",{"to":827,"label":828,"label_zh":829,"children":830},"\u002Fmartial-arts","Martial Arts","武当武术",[831,860,893,918,943,976],{"to":832,"label":833,"label_zh":834,"children":835},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ffoundations-internal-arts","Foundations of Internal Martial Arts","内家拳基础",[836,840,844,848,852,856],{"to":837,"label":838,"label_zh":839},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ffoundations-internal-arts\u002Finternal-vs-external","Internal vs. External: Neijia and Waijia","内家与外家",{"to":841,"label":842,"label_zh":843},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ffoundations-internal-arts\u002Fzhang-sanfeng-legend","Zhang Sanfeng: Ming-Dynasty Daoist, Wudang Tradition and Martial Legacy","张三丰：明代道士、武当传统与武术传承",{"to":845,"label":846,"label_zh":847},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ffoundations-internal-arts\u002Fthree-treasures","The Three Treasures: Jing, Qi and Shen","精、气、神：内丹词汇与武术训练",{"to":849,"label":850,"label_zh":851},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ffoundations-internal-arts\u002Fsong-rooting-jin","Song, Rooting and Whole-Body Power","松、沉、整劲：核心功夫与检验方法",{"to":853,"label":854,"label_zh":855},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ffoundations-internal-arts\u002Fmartial-cultivation","Martial Arts as Taoist Cultivation","以武入道：武术与道家修养的关系",{"to":857,"label":858,"label_zh":859},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ffoundations-internal-arts\u002Fkey-sources-further-reading","Key Sources and Further Reading","读什么，用什么本子，按什么顺序",{"to":861,"label":862,"label_zh":863,"children":864},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ftaijiquan","Taijiquan (Tai Chi)","太极拳",[865,869,873,877,881,885,889],{"to":866,"label":867,"label_zh":868},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ftaijiquan\u002Forigins-history","Origins and History of Taijiquan","太极拳从哪来：传说、拳谱与考据",{"to":870,"label":871,"label_zh":872},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ftaijiquan\u002Ffamily-styles","Taijiquan Family Styles: Chen, Yang, Wu, Wu (Hao) and Sun","太极拳五大家：陈式、杨式、吴式、武（郝）式与孙式",{"to":874,"label":875,"label_zh":876},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ftaijiquan\u002Fwudang-taijiquan","Wudang Taijiquan: History, Revival and Living Practice","武当太极拳：历史、复兴与当代实践",{"to":878,"label":879,"label_zh":880},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ftaijiquan\u002Fprinciples-classics","Core Principles and the Taiji Classics","太极拳经典与核心原则",{"to":882,"label":883,"label_zh":884},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ftaijiquan\u002Fpush-hands","Taijiquan Push Hands (Tui Shou): Partner Drills, Skills and Safety","太极拳推手：双人练习、训练目标与安全规则",{"to":886,"label":887,"label_zh":888},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ftaijiquan\u002Fhealth-and-combat","Health and Martial Practice in Taijiquan","太极拳养生与技击：证据、目标与训练方法",{"to":890,"label":891,"label_zh":892},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ftaijiquan\u002Fkey-sources-further-reading","Taijiquan Sources and Reading Paths","太极拳资料与阅读路径",{"to":894,"label":895,"label_zh":896,"children":897},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fbaguazhang","Baguazhang: Circle Walking, Palm Changes and Movement","八卦掌：走圈、换掌与身法变化",[898,902,906,910,914],{"to":899,"label":900,"label_zh":901},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fbaguazhang\u002Forigins-history","Origins and History of Baguazhang: Dong Haichuan and the Record","八卦掌源流：董海川、碑铭与早期资料",{"to":903,"label":904,"label_zh":905},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fbaguazhang\u002Fcircle-walking-palm-changes","Circle Walking and Palm Changes in Baguazhang","八卦掌走圈与换掌：变量、转向与练习进阶",{"to":907,"label":908,"label_zh":909},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fbaguazhang\u002Fbagua-yijing-connection","Baguazhang and the Yijing: History, Diagrams and Practice","八卦掌与《易》：历史、卦图与练法解释",{"to":911,"label":912,"label_zh":913},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fbaguazhang\u002Fprinciples","Baguazhang Principles: Turning, Angling and Continuous Change","八卦掌法则：转身、走斜与连续变化",{"to":915,"label":916,"label_zh":917},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fbaguazhang\u002Fkey-sources-further-reading","Baguazhang Sources and Reading Paths","八卦掌资料与阅读路径",{"to":919,"label":920,"label_zh":921,"children":922},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fxingyiquan","Xingyiquan: Structure, Intention and Direct Training","形意拳：结构、意念与直接训练",[923,927,931,935,939],{"to":924,"label":925,"label_zh":926},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fxingyiquan\u002Forigins-history","Origins and History of Xingyiquan","形意拳的起源与历史",{"to":928,"label":929,"label_zh":930},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fxingyiquan\u002Ffive-element-fists","The Five Fists of Xingyiquan","形意拳五行拳：劈、崩、钻、炮、横",{"to":932,"label":933,"label_zh":934},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fxingyiquan\u002Ftwelve-animals","Xingyiquan’s Twelve Animal Forms","形意拳十二形：动物意象与训练方法",{"to":936,"label":937,"label_zh":938},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fxingyiquan\u002Fprinciples","Xingyiquan Principles: Six Harmonies, Intention and Power","形意拳原理：六合、意与劲力训练",{"to":940,"label":941,"label_zh":942},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fxingyiquan\u002Fkey-sources-further-reading","Xingyiquan Sources and Reading Paths","形意拳资料与阅读路径：拳谱、版本与证据",{"to":944,"label":945,"label_zh":946,"children":947},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fweapons","Wudang Sword and Weapons: History, Practice and Context","武当剑与兵器：历史、练习与文化语境",[948,952,956,960,964,968,972],{"to":949,"label":950,"label_zh":951},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fweapons\u002Fwudang-jian","Wudang Straight Sword: The 1931 Curriculum and Its Context","武当剑：1931年课程、十三势与史料边界",{"to":953,"label":954,"label_zh":955},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fweapons\u002Fbroadsword-staff-spear","The Sabre, Staff and Spear: A Guide to Chinese Weapons","刀、棍、枪：认识传统兵器与练习方式",{"to":957,"label":958,"label_zh":959},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fweapons\u002Fwhisk-fan-rare-weapons","Whisk, Fan and Other Wudang Implements: Objects and Practice","拂尘、扇与其他武当器械：器物、文化与练习",{"to":961,"label":962,"label_zh":963},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fweapons\u002Fweapon-as-extension","The Weapon and the Body: Coordination, Perception and Practice","器械与身体：协调、知觉与练习",{"to":965,"label":966,"label_zh":967},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fweapons\u002Fkey-sources-further-reading","Weapons Sources and Reading Paths: How to Compare the Evidence","武当兵器资料与阅读路径：怎样比较不同证据",{"to":969,"label":970,"label_zh":971},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fweapons\u002Fhow-to-read-chinese-jian","How to Read a Chinese Jian: Blade, Hilt, Scabbard and Context","怎样读懂中国剑：剑身、剑柄、剑鞘与时代语境",{"to":973,"label":974,"label_zh":975},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fweapons\u002Fhow-to-read-chinese-dao","How to Read a Chinese Dao: Edge, Curve, Mountings and Context","怎样读懂中国刀：刃口、弧度、装具与时代语境",{"to":977,"label":978,"label_zh":979,"children":980},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ftraining-practice","Training and Practice: Building a Sustainable Wudang Routine","训练与习练：建立可持续的武当练习",[981,985,989,993,997,1001,1005],{"to":982,"label":983,"label_zh":984},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ftraining-practice\u002Fjibengong-stances","Jibengong and Stance Training: Building Foundations Safely","基本功与桩功：安全建立训练基础",{"to":986,"label":987,"label_zh":988},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ftraining-practice\u002Fforms-drills-applications","Forms, Drills and Applications: Connecting Solo and Partner Practice","套路、操手与应用：连接单练与对练",{"to":990,"label":991,"label_zh":992},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ftraining-practice\u002Fneigong","Neigong: Internal Training, Breath and Attention","内功：内在训练、呼吸与专注",{"to":994,"label":995,"label_zh":996},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ftraining-practice\u002Fwude-lineage","Wude: Martial Ethics, Lineage and Responsible Teaching","武德：武术伦理、传承与负责任的教学",{"to":998,"label":999,"label_zh":1000},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ftraining-practice\u002Ftraining-at-wudang","Training at Wudang: How to Choose a School or Retreat","在武当习武：如何选择武馆或研修项目",{"to":1002,"label":1003,"label_zh":1004},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ftraining-practice\u002Fkey-sources-further-reading","Training Sources and Reading Paths: From Manuals to Practice","训练资料与阅读路径：从拳谱到实练",{"to":1006,"label":1007,"label_zh":1008},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ftraining-practice\u002Fbeginner-pathway","How to Begin Wudang Practice: A Beginner Pathway","如何开始武当修习：初学者路径",{"to":1010,"label":1011,"label_zh":1012,"children":1013},"\u002Fwellness","Wellness","养生",[1014,1047,1076,1103,1130,1134,1138,1142,1146],{"to":1015,"label":1016,"label_zh":1017,"children":1018},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fqigong","Qigong","气功",[1019,1023,1027,1031,1035,1039,1043],{"to":1020,"label":1021,"label_zh":1022},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fqigong\u002Forigins-history-of-qigong","Origins & History of Qigong","气功的源流与历史",{"to":1024,"label":1025,"label_zh":1026},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fqigong\u002Fthe-three-regulations","The Three Regulations","三调",{"to":1028,"label":1029,"label_zh":1030},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fqigong\u002Ffamous-forms-and-families","Famous Forms & Families of Qigong","气功的著名功法与家族",{"to":1032,"label":1033,"label_zh":1034},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fqigong\u002Fa-qigong-session","What a Qigong Session Involves","一堂气功练习包含些什么",{"to":1036,"label":1037,"label_zh":1038},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fqigong\u002Fhealth-benefits-and-evidence","Health Benefits & the Evidence","养生功效与证据",{"to":1040,"label":1041,"label_zh":1042},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fqigong\u002Fgetting-started-further-reading","Getting Started & Further Reading","如何入门与延伸阅读",{"to":1044,"label":1045,"label_zh":1046},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fqigong\u002Fmawangdui-daoyin-tu-early-chinese-exercise-chart","The Mawangdui Daoyin Tu: Reading an Early Chinese Exercise Chart","马王堆《导引图》：怎样读懂一幅早期中国导引图像",{"to":1048,"label":1049,"label_zh":1050,"children":1051},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fherbal-healing","Chinese Herbal Medicine","中药与本草",[1052,1056,1060,1064,1068,1072],{"to":1053,"label":1054,"label_zh":1055},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fherbal-healing\u002Forigins-and-traditions","Origins & Traditions of Chinese Herbal Medicine","中药的源流与传统",{"to":1057,"label":1058,"label_zh":1059},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fherbal-healing\u002Fhow-herbs-are-understood","How Herbs Are Understood","药草是如何被理解的",{"to":1061,"label":1062,"label_zh":1063},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fherbal-healing\u002Fherbs-of-the-wudang-tradition","Herbs of the Wudang Tradition","武当传统中的药草",{"to":1065,"label":1066,"label_zh":1067},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fherbal-healing\u002Fformulas-and-preparation","Formulas & Preparation","方剂与配制",{"to":1069,"label":1070,"label_zh":1071},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fherbal-healing\u002Fsafety-and-responsible-use","Safety & Responsible Use","安全与负责任的使用",{"to":1073,"label":1074,"label_zh":1075},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fherbal-healing\u002Ffurther-reading-and-practice","Further Reading & Everyday Practice","延伸阅读与日常实践",{"to":1077,"label":1078,"label_zh":1079,"children":1080},"\u002Fwellness\u002Ftaoist-medicine","Taoist Medicine","道家医学",[1081,1085,1089,1093,1097,1101],{"to":1082,"label":1083,"label_zh":1084},"\u002Fwellness\u002Ftaoist-medicine\u002Fthe-taoist-view-of-the-body","The Taoist View of the Body","道家对身体的看法",{"to":1086,"label":1087,"label_zh":1088},"\u002Fwellness\u002Ftaoist-medicine\u002Fthe-three-treasures","The Three Treasures","三宝",{"to":1090,"label":1091,"label_zh":1092},"\u002Fwellness\u002Ftaoist-medicine\u002Fpractices-for-nourishing-life","Practices for Nourishing Life","养生的功夫",{"to":1094,"label":1095,"label_zh":1096},"\u002Fwellness\u002Ftaoist-medicine\u002Fpreventing-illness-and-the-seasons","Preventing Illness & the Seasons","防病与顺应四时",{"to":1098,"label":1099,"label_zh":1100},"\u002Fwellness\u002Ftaoist-medicine\u002Ftaoist-and-modern-medicine","How Taoist and Modern Medicine Relate","道家医学与现代医学如何相互参照",{"to":1102,"label":1074,"label_zh":1075},"\u002Fwellness\u002Ftaoist-medicine\u002Ffurther-reading-and-practice",{"to":1104,"label":1105,"label_zh":1106,"children":1107},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fenergy-sound-healing","Sound & Energy Practices","声音与能量练习",[1108,1112,1116,1120,1124,1128],{"to":1109,"label":1110,"label_zh":1111},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fenergy-sound-healing\u002Fthe-taoist-sound-tradition","The Taoist Sound Tradition","道家的音声传统",{"to":1113,"label":1114,"label_zh":1115},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fenergy-sound-healing\u002Fsound-baths-and-instruments","Sound Baths & Instruments","颂钵音疗与乐器",{"to":1117,"label":1118,"label_zh":1119},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fenergy-sound-healing\u002Fforms-of-energy-work","Forms of Energy Work","能量之功的种种形式",{"to":1121,"label":1122,"label_zh":1123},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fenergy-sound-healing\u002Fa-session-what-to-expect","A Session: What to Expect","一次课程：会经历什么",{"to":1125,"label":1126,"label_zh":1127},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fenergy-sound-healing\u002Fhow-it-works-and-the-evidence","How It Works & the Evidence","它如何起作用与证据",{"to":1129,"label":1041,"label_zh":1042},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fenergy-sound-healing\u002Fgetting-started-further-reading",{"to":1131,"label":1132,"label_zh":1133},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fstanding-practice","Standing Practice","站桩",{"to":1135,"label":1136,"label_zh":1137},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fwudang-internal-cultivation","Wudang Internal Cultivation","武当内修",{"to":1139,"label":1140,"label_zh":1141},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fmoxibustion","Moxibustion","艾灸",{"to":1143,"label":1144,"label_zh":1145},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fbigu","Bigu","辟谷",{"to":1147,"label":1148,"label_zh":1149,"children":1150},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fbaduanjin","Baduanjin (Eight Brocades)","八段锦",[1151],{"to":1152,"label":1153,"label_zh":1154},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fbaduanjin\u002Feight-sections","The Eight Sections of Baduanjin","八段锦八式详解",{"to":1156,"label":1157,"label_zh":1158,"children":1159},"\u002Farts","Literati Arts","文人雅艺",[1160,1225,1298,1459,1512,1577,1618],{"to":1161,"label":1162,"label_zh":1163,"children":1164},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature","Chinese Poetry and Literature: Forms, Contexts and Reading Paths","中国诗词与文学：体式、语境与阅读路径",[1165,1169,1173,1177,1181,1185,1189,1193,1197,1201,1205,1209,1213,1217,1221],{"to":1166,"label":1167,"label_zh":1168},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Forigins-spirit-of-chinese-poetry","Origins of Chinese Poetry: Song, Text and Interpretation","中国诗歌的源流：歌唱、文本与阐释",{"to":1170,"label":1171,"label_zh":1172},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fbook-of-songs-classical-foundations","The Book of Songs: Voices, Performance and Interpretation","《诗经》：声音、礼乐与阐释",{"to":1174,"label":1175,"label_zh":1176},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Ftang-poetry-golden-age","Tang Poetry: Forms, Voices and a Lasting Canon","唐诗：体式、声音与经典的形成",{"to":1178,"label":1179,"label_zh":1180},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Ftaoist-landscape-poetry","Daoist Traditions and Landscape Poetry: Place, Reclusion and Interpretation","道家、道教与山水诗：地方、隐逸与解读",{"to":1182,"label":1183,"label_zh":1184},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fpoetry-as-cultivation","Poetry as Cultivation at Wudang: Reading, Attention and Writing","武当诗文与自我涵养：阅读、观察与写作",{"to":1186,"label":1187,"label_zh":1188},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fkey-poets-further-reading","Chinese Poetry: Poets, Editions and Reading Paths","中国诗词阅读：诗人、版本与入门路径",{"to":1190,"label":1191,"label_zh":1192},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fhow-to-read-chinese-regulated-verse","How to Read Chinese Regulated Verse: Lines, Rhyme, Tone and Parallelism","怎样读中国近体诗：句式、押韵、平仄与对仗",{"to":1194,"label":1195,"label_zh":1196},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fhow-to-read-chinese-ci-lyrics","How to Read Chinese Ci Lyrics: Tune Patterns, Voice and Transmission","怎样读中国词：词牌、声音与文本流传",{"to":1198,"label":1199,"label_zh":1200},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-poetry-anthologies-canon-transmission","How Chinese Poetry Anthologies Shape What We Read","中国诗歌选本怎样塑造我们的阅读",{"to":1202,"label":1203,"label_zh":1204},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-thread-bound-books-folding-stitching-reading","Chinese Thread-Bound Books: Folding, Stitching and the Shape of Reading","中国线装书：折页、装订与阅读形态",{"to":1206,"label":1207,"label_zh":1208},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fhow-to-read-chinese-paired-couplets-parallelism-calligraphy-place","How to Read Chinese Paired Couplets: Parallel Lines, Calligraphy and Place","怎样读中国对联：对仗、书法与空间",{"to":1210,"label":1211,"label_zh":1212},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fpoetry-on-chinese-paintings-inscriptions-colophons","Poetry on Chinese Paintings: How to Read Inscriptions and Colophons","中国画上的诗：怎样读题款与题跋",{"to":1214,"label":1215,"label_zh":1216},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-fu-rhapsody-catalogues-courts-expansive-description","Chinese Fu (Rhapsody): Catalogues, Courts and Expansive Description","中国赋：铺陈、宫廷与展开描写的艺术",{"to":1218,"label":1219,"label_zh":1220},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fwenxin-diaolong-liu-xie-writing-reading-literary-thought","Wenxin Diaolong: How Liu Xie Thought About Writing and Reading","《文心雕龙》导读：刘勰怎样思考写作与阅读",{"to":1222,"label":1223,"label_zh":1224},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-shihua-poetry-talks-notes-anecdotes-criticism","Shihua (Poetry Talks): How Chinese Criticism Speaks in Notes and Anecdotes","中国诗话导读：批评怎样写进笔记、轶事与评语",{"to":1226,"label":1227,"label_zh":1228,"children":1229},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy","Chinese Calligraphy: Scripts, Materials and Ways of Looking","中国书法：书体、材料与观赏入门",[1230,1234,1238,1242,1246,1250,1254,1258,1262,1266,1270,1274,1278,1282,1286,1290,1294],{"to":1231,"label":1232,"label_zh":1233},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Forigins-history-of-calligraphy","Origins and History of Chinese Calligraphy","中国书法的源流与历史",{"to":1235,"label":1236,"label_zh":1237},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fthe-five-script-styles","The Five Script Styles in Chinese Calligraphy","中国书法的五种主要书体",{"to":1239,"label":1240,"label_zh":1241},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fcalligraphy-as-taoist-cultivation","Calligraphy and Taoist Cultivation: Text, Attention and Practice","书法与道家修养：读懂文字，专注落笔",{"to":1243,"label":1244,"label_zh":1245},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Ffour-treasures-of-the-study","The Four Treasures of the Study: Choosing and Using Calligraphy Materials","文房四宝：认识、选择与使用笔墨纸砚",{"to":1247,"label":1248,"label_zh":1249},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fbrush-technique-living-line","Chinese Calligraphy Brushwork: Reading and Practising the Living Line","书法笔法：观察与练习有生气的线条",{"to":1251,"label":1252,"label_zh":1253},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fgreat-masters-further-reading","Chinese Calligraphy Masters and Reading Paths","中国书法名家与阅读路径",{"to":1255,"label":1256,"label_zh":1257},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-seals-and-seal-carving","Chinese Seals and Seal Carving: Script, Surface and Impression","中国印章与篆刻：文字、印面与钤印",{"to":1259,"label":1260,"label_zh":1261},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-ink-rubbings","Chinese Ink Rubbings: Stone, Paper and the Life of Calligraphy","中国传拓：石刻、纸墨与书法的流传",{"to":1263,"label":1264,"label_zh":1265},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-inkstones","Chinese Inkstones: Stone, Carving and the Scholar’s Desk","中国砚台：石材、雕刻与文房生活",{"to":1267,"label":1268,"label_zh":1269},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-inksticks","Chinese Inksticks: Soot, Moulds and the Scholar’s Desk","中国墨锭：烟料、墨模与文房生活",{"to":1271,"label":1272,"label_zh":1273},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-calligraphy-paper","Chinese Calligraphy Paper: Xuan, Sizing and the Life of a Sheet","中国书画纸：宣纸、施胶与纸张的一生",{"to":1275,"label":1276,"label_zh":1277},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-calligraphy-brushes","Chinese Calligraphy Brushes: Hair, Handle and the Working Point","中国毛笔：毫料、笔管与笔锋",{"to":1279,"label":1280,"label_zh":1281},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-brush-rests","Chinese Brush Rests: Mountains, Materials and the Scholar’s Desk","中国笔架：山形、材质与文人书案",{"to":1283,"label":1284,"label_zh":1285},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-water-droppers-scholars-desk","Chinese Water Droppers: Flow, Form and the Scholar’s Desk","中国水滴：控水、造型与文人书案",{"to":1287,"label":1288,"label_zh":1289},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-brush-pots-materials-scholars-desk","Chinese Brush Pots: Function, Material and the Scholar’s Desk","中国笔筒：收纳、材质与文人书案",{"to":1291,"label":1292,"label_zh":1293},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-brush-washers-water-form-scholars-desk","Chinese Brush Washers: Water, Form and the Scholar’s Desk","中国笔洗：洗笔、造型与文人书案",{"to":1295,"label":1296,"label_zh":1297},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-paperweights-form-material-scholars-desk","Chinese Paperweights: Form, Material and the Scholar’s Desk","中国镇纸：形制、材质与文人书案",{"to":1299,"label":1300,"label_zh":1301,"children":1302},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony","Chinese Tea Culture","中国茶文化",[1303,1307,1311,1315,1319,1323,1327,1331,1335,1339,1343,1347,1351,1355,1359,1363,1367,1371,1375,1379,1383,1387,1391,1395,1399,1403,1407,1411,1415,1419,1423,1427,1431,1435,1439,1443,1447,1451,1455],{"to":1304,"label":1305,"label_zh":1306},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-meditation-taoist-practice","Tea, Meditation and Taoist Practice","茶、静坐与道家修习",{"to":1308,"label":1309,"label_zh":1310},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Forigins-history-of-tea-culture","Origins and History of Chinese Tea Culture","中国茶文化的源流与历史",{"to":1312,"label":1313,"label_zh":1314},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fthe-way-of-tea","The Way of Tea: Attention, Care and Hospitality","茶道：在一杯茶中练习用心与待客",{"to":1316,"label":1317,"label_zh":1318},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftypes-of-tea-and-character","Six Chinese Tea Families: Processing and Taste","六大茶类：从制法到品饮",{"to":1320,"label":1321,"label_zh":1322},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Futensils-and-gongfu-method","Gongfu Tea: Utensils and a Flexible Method","工夫茶：茶具与灵活冲泡法",{"to":1324,"label":1325,"label_zh":1326},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ffurther-reading-and-practice","Learning Chinese Tea: Reading and Practice","学茶入门：阅读与品饮练习",{"to":1328,"label":1329,"label_zh":1330},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fwater-for-chinese-tea","Water for Chinese Tea: Springs, Minerals and a Practical Tasting Method","中国茶用水：山泉、矿物与实用对比方法",{"to":1332,"label":1333,"label_zh":1334},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fchinese-teaware-clay-glaze-form","Chinese Tea Ware: Clay, Porcelain, Glaze and the Uses of Form","中国茶器：胎土、瓷釉、造型与使用",{"to":1336,"label":1337,"label_zh":1338},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fchinese-tea-caddies","Chinese Tea Caddies: Storage, Materials and the Traveling Leaf","中国茶叶罐：贮藏、材质与流动的茶叶",{"to":1340,"label":1341,"label_zh":1342},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fsong-whisked-tea-powder-bowls-foam","Whisked Tea in Song China: Powder, Bowls and Foam","宋代点茶：茶末、茶盏与汤花",{"to":1344,"label":1345,"label_zh":1346},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fyixing-teapots-clay-form-makers-marks","Yixing Teapots: Clay, Form and Reading the Maker’s Mark","宜兴紫砂壶：泥料、器形与款识",{"to":1348,"label":1349,"label_zh":1350},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fcompressed-tea-cakes-bricks-trade-storage-object-reading","Compressed Tea in China: Cakes, Bricks and How to Read Them","中国紧压茶：茶饼、茶砖与辨读方法",{"to":1352,"label":1353,"label_zh":1354},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-horse-trade-networks-routes-markets-cultural-exchange","Tea–Horse Trade Networks: Routes, Markets and Cultural Exchange","茶马贸易网络：路线、市场与文化交流",{"to":1356,"label":1357,"label_zh":1358},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-landscapes-china-gardens-forests-terraces-living-knowledge","Tea Landscapes in China: Gardens, Forests, Terraces and Living Knowledge","中国茶景观：茶园、古茶林、梯田与活态知识",{"to":1360,"label":1361,"label_zh":1362},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fpicking-tea-china-seasons-bud-leaf-standards-skilled-labour","Picking Tea in China: Seasons, Bud-and-Leaf Standards and Skilled Labour","中国采茶：季节、芽叶标准与劳作技艺",{"to":1364,"label":1365,"label_zh":1366},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fwithering-tea-leaves-water-loss-time-first-transformation","Withering Tea Leaves: Water Loss, Time and the First Transformation","茶叶萎凋：失水、时间与采后初变",{"to":1368,"label":1369,"label_zh":1370},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ffixing-tea-leaves-shaqing-heat-enzymes-turning-point","Fixing Tea Leaves (Shaqing): Heat, Enzymes and a Turning Point in Chinese Tea","茶叶杀青：热、酶活性与中国制茶的转折点",{"to":1372,"label":1373,"label_zh":1374},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Frolling-tea-leaves-rounian-pressure-shape-cell-disruption","Rolling Tea Leaves (Rounian): Pressure, Shape and Controlled Cell Disruption","茶叶揉捻：压力、形态与受控细胞破损",{"to":1376,"label":1377,"label_zh":1378},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fdrying-tea-leaves-moisture-heat-stability-finished-tea","Drying Tea Leaves: Moisture, Heat and the Stability of Finished Tea","茶叶干燥：水分、热量与成茶稳定",{"to":1380,"label":1381,"label_zh":1382},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fsorting-grading-tea-leaf-size-shape-grade-meaning","Sorting and Grading Tea: Leaf Size, Shape and What a Grade Really Means","茶叶筛分与分级：叶片大小、形态与等级的真正含义",{"to":1384,"label":1385,"label_zh":1386},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-blending-batch-construction-consistency-style-transparency","Tea Blending and Batch Construction: Consistency, Style and Transparent Labels","茶叶拼配与批次构建：稳定、风格与透明标示",{"to":1388,"label":1389,"label_zh":1390},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-oxidation-post-fermentation-enzymes-microbes-terms","Oxidation and Post-Fermentation in Tea: Enzymes, Microbes and Misleading Labels","茶叶氧化与后发酵：酶、微生物与容易混淆的标签",{"to":1392,"label":1393,"label_zh":1394},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fyellow-tea-menhuang-moist-heat-time-tea-family","Yellow Tea and Menhuang: Moist Heat, Time and the Making of a Tea Family","黄茶与闷黄：湿热、时间与一类茶的形成",{"to":1396,"label":1397,"label_zh":1398},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Frefiring-roasting-tea-later-heat-aroma-finished-leaf","Re-Firing and Roasting Tea: Later Heat, Aroma and the Difference from Drying","茶叶复火与焙火：后段加热、香气及其与干燥的区别",{"to":1400,"label":1401,"label_zh":1402},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fjasmine-tea-scenting-flowers-repeated-rounds-aroma-transfer","Jasmine Tea and Scenting: Flowers, Repeated Rounds and How Aroma Enters Tea","茉莉花茶与窨制：鲜花、多次窨香与茶叶如何吸收香气",{"to":1404,"label":1405,"label_zh":1406},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-sensory-evaluation-appearance-aroma-taste-score-limits","Tea Sensory Evaluation: Appearance, Aroma, Taste and the Limits of a Score","茶叶感官审评：外形、香气、滋味与分数的边界",{"to":1408,"label":1409,"label_zh":1410},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fdoucha-song-tea-contests-whisked-tea-jian-bowls-modern-judging","Doucha: Tea Contests in Song China and the Limits of Modern Re-Creation","斗茶：宋代茶事竞赛与现代重现的边界",{"to":1412,"label":1413,"label_zh":1414},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fbeiyuan-tribute-tea-song-court-labour-imperial-label","Beiyuan Tribute Tea: Song Court Taste, Skilled Labour and the Limits of ‘Imperial Tea’","北苑贡茶：宋代宫廷品味、制茶劳作与“御茶”标签的边界",{"to":1416,"label":1417,"label_zh":1418},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Freading-chinese-tea-classics-authorship-editions-recipe-limits","Reading Chinese Tea Classics: Authorship, Editions and the Limits of a ‘Recipe’","如何阅读中国茶书：作者、版本与“配方”式解读的边界",{"to":1420,"label":1421,"label_zh":1422},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-in-chinese-poetry-social-worlds-metaphor-historical-evidence","Tea in Chinese Poetry: Social Worlds, Metaphor and the Limits of Literary Evidence","中国诗歌中的茶：社会交往、诗意表达与文学证据的边界",{"to":1424,"label":1425,"label_zh":1426},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fchinese-teahouses-commerce-conversation-performance-urban-publics","Chinese Teahouses: Commerce, Conversation, Performance and Changing Urban Publics","中国茶馆：商业、交往、表演与变动中的城市公共生活",{"to":1428,"label":1429,"label_zh":1430},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-in-chinese-painting-objects-social-worlds-visual-evidence","Tea in Chinese Painting: Objects, Social Worlds and the Limits of Visual Evidence","中国绘画中的茶：器物、社会空间与视觉证据的边界",{"to":1432,"label":1433,"label_zh":1434},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-in-dream-of-the-red-chamber-hospitality-rank-labour-fiction","Tea in Dream of the Red Chamber: Hospitality, Rank, Labour and Fiction","《红楼梦》中的茶：待客、等级、劳动与小说叙事",{"to":1436,"label":1437,"label_zh":1438},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-in-chinese-travel-writing-roads-hospitality-regional-evidence","Tea in Chinese Travel Writing: Roads, Hospitality and the Limits of an Itinerary","中国游记中的茶：道路、待客与行程证据的边界",{"to":1440,"label":1441,"label_zh":1442},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-in-chinese-letters-gifts-visits-friendship-private-writing","Tea in Chinese Letters: Gifts, Visits, Friendship and the Limits of ‘Private’ Writing","中国书信中的茶：馈赠、访友、人情与“私语”证据的边界",{"to":1444,"label":1445,"label_zh":1446},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-tax-monopoly-imperial-china-fiscal-records-daily-life","Tea, Tax and Monopoly in Imperial China: Reading Fiscal Records Without Mistaking Revenue for Daily Life","中国历代茶税与专卖：财政记录能告诉我们什么，又不能告诉我们什么",{"to":1448,"label":1449,"label_zh":1450},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-chinese-local-gazetteers-place-production-local-knowledge","Tea in Chinese Local Gazetteers: Place, Production and the Limits of Local Knowledge","中国地方志中的茶：产地、生产与地方知识的边界",{"to":1452,"label":1453,"label_zh":1454},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-chinese-materia-medica-names-preparations-medical-claims","Tea in Chinese Materia Medica: Names, Preparations and the Limits of Medical Claims","中国本草中的茶：名称、制法与医药记载的边界",{"to":1456,"label":1457,"label_zh":1458},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-chinese-buddhist-monastic-rules-ceremony-office-origin-stories","Tea in Chinese Buddhist Monastic Rules: Ceremony, Office and the Limits of Origin Stories","中国佛教清规中的茶：礼仪、职事与起源故事的边界",{"to":1460,"label":1461,"label_zh":1462,"children":1463},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin","Guqin: Sound, History and Ways to Listen","古琴：认识声音、历史与聆听方法",[1464,1468,1472,1476,1480,1484,1488,1492,1496,1500,1504,1508],{"to":1465,"label":1466,"label_zh":1467},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Forigins-history-of-the-guqin","A History of the Guqin: Objects, Texts and Living Music","古琴的历史：实物、文献与传习",{"to":1469,"label":1470,"label_zh":1471},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Fanatomy-of-the-guqin","How the Guqin Works: Strings, Body and Sound","古琴如何发声：琴弦、琴身与结构",{"to":1473,"label":1474,"label_zh":1475},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Fplaying-technique-and-notation","Playing the Guqin: Gesture, Notation and Interpretation","古琴怎样弹、怎样读谱：指法、减字谱与诠释",{"to":1477,"label":1478,"label_zh":1479},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Ffamous-melodies-and-stories","Guqin Melodies: Stories, Versions and Ways to Listen","听懂古琴名曲：故事、版本与聆听线索",{"to":1481,"label":1482,"label_zh":1483},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Fguqin-as-taoist-cultivation","Guqin and Daoist Cultivation: Listening, Practice and Limits","古琴与道家修养：聆听、练习与边界",{"to":1485,"label":1486,"label_zh":1487},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Ffurther-listening-and-study","Learning the Guqin: Listening, Sources and Finding a Teacher","怎样学古琴：聆听、资料与择师",{"to":1489,"label":1490,"label_zh":1491},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Fguqin-tables-playing-spaces","Guqin Tables and Playing Spaces: Support, Posture and Listening","古琴桌与弹琴空间：承托、坐姿与聆听",{"to":1493,"label":1494,"label_zh":1495},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Fhow-to-read-guqin-handbook-tablature-editions-dapu","How to Read a Guqin Handbook: Tablature, Editions and Dapu","如何读古琴谱：减字谱、版本与打谱",{"to":1497,"label":1498,"label_zh":1499},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Freading-guqin-lacquer-layers-crack-patterns-repair","Reading Guqin Lacquer: Layers, Crack Patterns and Repair","读懂古琴漆面：漆层、断纹与修缮",{"to":1501,"label":1502,"label_zh":1503},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Freading-guqin-inscriptions-seals-names-dates-provenance","Reading Guqin Inscriptions and Seals: Names, Dates and Provenance","读懂古琴铭款与印章：琴名、年代与流传",{"to":1505,"label":1506,"label_zh":1507},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Fguqin-forms-zhongni-banana-leaf-shapes","Guqin Forms: Reading Zhongni, Banana-Leaf and Other Shapes","古琴式样：读懂仲尼式、蕉叶式与其他琴式",{"to":1509,"label":1510,"label_zh":1511},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Fguqin-strings-silk-modern-composites-playing","Guqin Strings: Silk, Modern Composites and How Material Changes Playing","古琴琴弦：丝弦、现代复合弦与材质如何改变演奏",{"to":1513,"label":1514,"label_zh":1515,"children":1516},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting","Chinese Painting: Materials, Formats and Ways of Looking","中国绘画：材料、形制与观看方法",[1517,1521,1525,1529,1533,1537,1541,1545,1549,1553,1557,1561,1565,1569,1573],{"to":1518,"label":1519,"label_zh":1520},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Forigins-history-of-chinese-painting","Origins and History of Chinese Painting: Objects, Courts and Communities","中国绘画的源流与历史：作品、宫廷与社会",{"to":1522,"label":1523,"label_zh":1524},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fart-of-ink-and-brush","Ink and Brush in Chinese Painting: Materials, Water and Marks","中国画的笔墨：材料、水分与笔痕",{"to":1526,"label":1527,"label_zh":1528},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Flandscape-painting-shanshui","Shanshui: How to Read Chinese Landscape Painting","山水画：怎样读懂中国山水",{"to":1530,"label":1531,"label_zh":1532},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fbirds-flowers-four-gentlemen","Birds, Flowers and the Four Gentlemen in Chinese Painting","中国画中的花鸟与四君子",{"to":1534,"label":1535,"label_zh":1536},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fpainting-as-taoist-cultivation","Painting and Taoist Cultivation: Images, Ideas and Practice","绘画与道家修养：图像、观念与实践",{"to":1538,"label":1539,"label_zh":1540},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fgreat-masters-further-study","Chinese Painting Masters: A Guided Path","中国画名家与进阶研习",{"to":1542,"label":1543,"label_zh":1544},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fhow-to-read-chinese-handscroll","How to Read a Chinese Handscroll: Sequence, Colophons and Seals","怎样观看中国手卷：展开顺序、题跋与印章",{"to":1546,"label":1547,"label_zh":1548},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fchinese-fan-painting","Chinese Fan Painting: Shape, Brushwork and the Art of the Small Format","中国扇面书画：形制、笔墨与方寸之美",{"to":1550,"label":1551,"label_zh":1552},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fhow-to-read-chinese-painting-album","How to Read a Chinese Painting Album: Leaves, Sequence and Intimate Viewing","如何阅读中国画册页：开页、次序与案头观看",{"to":1554,"label":1555,"label_zh":1556},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fchinese-scholars-rocks","Chinese Scholars’ Rocks: Stone, Display and Imagined Landscapes","中国文人赏石：石质、陈设与想象山水",{"to":1558,"label":1559,"label_zh":1560},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fhow-to-read-chinese-hanging-scroll","How to Read a Chinese Hanging Scroll: Vertical Space, Mounting and Display","如何阅读中国立轴：纵向空间、装裱与陈设",{"to":1562,"label":1563,"label_zh":1564},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fchinese-screens-space-painting","Chinese Screens: Space, Painting and the Art of the Fold","中国屏风：空间、图像与开合之艺",{"to":1566,"label":1567,"label_zh":1568},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fmounting-chinese-painting","Mounting Chinese Painting: Silk Borders, Backing Papers and the Life of a Scroll","中国画装裱：绫边、托纸与卷轴的生命",{"to":1570,"label":1571,"label_zh":1572},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fchinese-portrait-painting-likeness-role-ancestral-memory","Chinese Portrait Painting: Likeness, Role and Ancestral Memory","中国肖像画：形神、身份与祖先记忆",{"to":1574,"label":1575,"label_zh":1576},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fthree-distances-chinese-landscape-painting","The Three Distances in Chinese Landscape Painting: High, Deep and Level Space","中国山水画的“三远”：高远、深远与平远",{"to":1578,"label":1579,"label_zh":1580,"children":1581},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense","Chinese Incense Culture","中国香文化",[1582,1586,1590,1594,1598,1602,1606,1610,1614],{"to":1583,"label":1584,"label_zh":1585},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Forigins-history-of-incense-culture","Origins and History of Chinese Incense Culture","中国香文化的源流与历史",{"to":1587,"label":1588,"label_zh":1589},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Faromatic-materials-fragrant-woods","Aromatic Materials: Woods, Resins and Responsible Sourcing","香材指南：香木、树脂与负责任的来源",{"to":1591,"label":1592,"label_zh":1593},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Fforms-and-art-of-appreciation","Incense Forms and the Art of Appreciation","香的形态与品香方法",{"to":1595,"label":1596,"label_zh":1597},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Fincense-in-ritual-and-temple-life","Incense in Daoist Ritual and Temple Life","香在道教科仪与宫观生活中",{"to":1599,"label":1600,"label_zh":1601},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Fincense-meditation-taoist-practice","Incense, Meditation and Taoist Practice","香、静坐与道家修习",{"to":1603,"label":1604,"label_zh":1605},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Ffurther-reading-and-practice","Learning Chinese Incense: Reading and Practice","学习中国香文化：阅读与实践",{"to":1607,"label":1608,"label_zh":1609},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Fchinese-incense-burners","Chinese Incense Burners: Bronze, Ceramic, Form and Context","中国香炉：青铜、陶瓷、形制与使用语境",{"to":1611,"label":1612,"label_zh":1613},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Fchinese-incense-seals-fragrant-time","Chinese Incense Seals: Ash, Patterns and Fragrant Time","中国香篆：香灰、篆纹与芬芳计时",{"to":1615,"label":1616,"label_zh":1617},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Fchinese-incense-sets-burner-box-vase-tools","Chinese Incense Sets: Burner, Box, Vase and Tools","中国香具三式：炉、盒、瓶与匙箸",{"to":1619,"label":1620,"label_zh":1621,"children":1622},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement","Chinese Flower Arrangement: History, Materials and Ways of Looking","中国插花：历史、花材与观看方法",[1623,1627,1631,1635,1639,1643,1647],{"to":1624,"label":1625,"label_zh":1626},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Forigins-history-of-floral-art","A History of Chinese Flower Arrangement: Vessels, Pictures and Voices","中国插花史：器物、图像与文字中的花事",{"to":1628,"label":1629,"label_zh":1630},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Fprinciples-of-flower-arrangement","Chinese Flower Arrangement: Line, Balance and Ways of Looking","中国插花构图：线条、平衡与观看方法",{"to":1632,"label":1633,"label_zh":1634},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Fvessels-tools-and-composition","Choosing Flower Vessels and Tools: Form, Support and Care","选择花器与工具：形制、支撑和养护",{"to":1636,"label":1637,"label_zh":1638},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Fseasonal-flowers-and-symbolism","Seasonal Flowers and Symbolism: How to Read Context","时令花材与象征：怎样结合语境来读",{"to":1640,"label":1641,"label_zh":1642},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Fflower-arrangement-as-cultivation","Flower Arrangement as Cultivation: Attention, Change and Limits","插花与修养：专注、变化与界限",{"to":1644,"label":1645,"label_zh":1646},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Ffurther-reading-and-practice","Further Reading and Practice: Sources, Museums and a First Month","延伸阅读与练习：史料、博物馆与第一个月",{"to":1648,"label":1649,"label_zh":1650},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Fchinese-flower-baskets-weaving-painting-vessels","Chinese Flower Baskets: Weaving, Painting and the Vessel","中国花篮：编织、绘画与器物",{"to":1652,"label":1653,"label_zh":1654,"children":1655},"\u002Fdaoism","Taoist Culture","道教文化",[1656,1697,1730,1763,1844],{"to":1657,"label":1658,"label_zh":1659,"children":1660},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-deities-pantheon","Taoist Deities and the Chinese Pantheon: A Structural Guide","道教神仙与神明体系：结构与层级指南",[1661,1665,1669,1673,1677,1681,1685,1689,1693],{"to":1662,"label":1663,"label_zh":1664},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-deities-pantheon\u002Fthree-pure-ones","The Three Pure Ones: Highest Deities of the Taoist Pantheon","道教三清：神明体系中的最高尊神",{"to":1666,"label":1667,"label_zh":1668},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-deities-pantheon\u002Fjade-emperor","The Jade Emperor in Taoism: Ruler of the Celestial Bureaucracy","道教玉皇大帝：天庭官府的治理者",{"to":1670,"label":1671,"label_zh":1672},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-deities-pantheon\u002Forigins-of-pantheon","How the Taoist Pantheon Developed: Origins of Its Gods","道教神明体系如何形成：诸神的不同来源",{"to":1674,"label":1675,"label_zh":1676},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-deities-pantheon\u002Fcelestial-bureaucracy","Taoist Immortals and the Celestial Bureaucracy: Shen and Xian","道教神明、仙真与天庭官府：神和仙有什么不同",{"to":1678,"label":1679,"label_zh":1680},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-deities-pantheon\u002Fguan-yu-mazu-popular-deities","Guan Yu, Mazu and Popular Chinese Deities: How Humans Become Gods","关羽、妈祖与民间神祇：人如何成为神",{"to":1682,"label":1683,"label_zh":1684},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-deities-pantheon\u002Fdeities-of-wudang-mountain","Deities of Wudang Mountain: Zhenwu and His Sacred Court","武当山神明：真武大帝与他的神圣侍从",{"to":1686,"label":1687,"label_zh":1688},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-deities-pantheon\u002Fworship-temples-offerings","Taoist Temple Worship: Incense, Offerings, Vows and Donations","道教宫观祭祀：上香、供养、许愿与捐献",{"to":1690,"label":1691,"label_zh":1692},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-deities-pantheon\u002Fnorthern-dipper-stars-images-ritual-maps","The Northern Dipper in Daoist Culture: Stars, Images and Ritual Maps","道教文化中的北斗：星象、图像与仪式图式",{"to":1694,"label":1695,"label_zh":1696},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-deities-pantheon\u002Fthree-officials-sanguan-heaven-earth-water-three-yuan","The Three Officials in Daoism: Heaven, Earth, Water and the Three Yuan","道教三官大帝：天、地、水与三元节期",{"to":1698,"label":1699,"label_zh":1700,"children":1701},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-temples-sacred-mountains","Taoist Temples and Sacred Mountains: A Guide to Places and Architecture","道教名山与宫观：圣地、建筑与制度指南",[1702,1706,1710,1714,1718,1722,1726],{"to":1703,"label":1704,"label_zh":1705},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-temples-sacred-mountains\u002Fwudang-mountain","Wudang Mountain in Taoism: Zhenwu, the Ming Court and Sacred Status","道教中的武当山：真武信仰、明廷与圣地地位",{"to":1707,"label":1708,"label_zh":1709},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-temples-sacred-mountains\u002Fmount-longhu","Mount Longhu and the Celestial Masters: Centre of Zhengyi Taoism","龙虎山与天师道：正一道的制度中心",{"to":1711,"label":1712,"label_zh":1713},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-temples-sacred-mountains\u002Fmount-qingcheng","Mount Qingcheng: How Organised Taoism Took Institutional Form","青城山：有组织道教如何形成制度",{"to":1715,"label":1716,"label_zh":1717},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-temples-sacred-mountains\u002Fmount-tai","Mount Tai: China’s Foremost State Sacred Mountain","泰山：中国最重要的国家祭祀名山",{"to":1719,"label":1720,"label_zh":1721},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-temples-sacred-mountains\u002Fwhite-cloud-temple-beijing","White Cloud Temple in Beijing: Quanzhen Taoism’s Urban Monastery","北京白云观：全真道的城市宫观",{"to":1723,"label":1724,"label_zh":1725},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-temples-sacred-mountains\u002Ftemple-architecture-sacred-geometry","How to Read Taoist Temple Architecture and Sacred Space","如何读懂道教宫观建筑与神圣空间",{"to":1727,"label":1728,"label_zh":1729},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-temples-sacred-mountains\u002Fpilgrimage-temple-etiquette","Taoist Pilgrimage and Temple Etiquette: A Practical Guide","道教朝山进香与宫观礼仪：实用指南",{"to":1731,"label":1732,"label_zh":1733,"children":1734},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-schools-lineages","Taoist Schools and Lineages: Zhengyi, Quanzhen and Historical Traditions","道教流派与传承：正一、全真及历史道派",[1735,1739,1743,1747,1751,1755,1759],{"to":1736,"label":1737,"label_zh":1738},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-schools-lineages\u002Fcelestial-masters-zhengyi","Zhengyi Taoism and the Celestial Masters: Householder Priests and Ritual Authority","正一道与天师道：在家道士和科仪权威",{"to":1740,"label":1741,"label_zh":1742},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-schools-lineages\u002Fcomplete-perfection-quanzhen","Quanzhen Taoism: Monastic Life, Inner Cultivation and Wudang","全真道：出家生活、内在修炼与武当",{"to":1744,"label":1745,"label_zh":1746},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-schools-lineages\u002Fshangqing-school","Shangqing Taoism: Highest Clarity Revelations and Inner Visualisation","上清道：最高明启、存思与身体内的神明",{"to":1748,"label":1749,"label_zh":1750},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-schools-lineages\u002Flingbao-tradition","Lingbao Taoism: Numinous Treasure Scriptures and Communal Ritual","灵宝道：经典、普度与共同体科仪",{"to":1752,"label":1753,"label_zh":1754},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-schools-lineages\u002Fwu-liu-school","The Wu-Liu School: A Clearer System of Taoist Internal Alchemy","伍柳派：较为清晰的道教内丹体系",{"to":1756,"label":1757,"label_zh":1758},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-schools-lineages\u002Fmonastic-vs-householder-priesthood","Quanzhen Monastics and Zhengyi Householder Priests: What Is the Difference?","全真出家道士与正一在家道士有什么不同",{"to":1760,"label":1761,"label_zh":1762},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-schools-lineages\u002Fmodern-transmission-ordination","Taoist Ordination and Lineage Today: How Transmission Is Verified","今日道教传承与授箓传戒：如何核实师承",{"to":1764,"label":1765,"label_zh":1766,"children":1767},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals","Taoist Festivals and Rituals: Calendars, Offerings and Community Rites","道教节日与科仪：神诞、斋醮与岁时仪式",[1768,1772,1776,1780,1784,1788,1792,1796,1800,1804,1808,1812,1816,1820,1824,1828,1832,1836,1840],{"to":1769,"label":1770,"label_zh":1771},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fjade-emperor-birthday","The Jade Emperor’s Birthday and Festivals of the Heavenly Court","玉皇诞：正月初九的意义与宫观仪式",{"to":1773,"label":1774,"label_zh":1775},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fzhongyuan-ghost-festival","Zhongyuan Festival: Ghost Festival, the Earth Official and Universal Salvation","中元节：七月十五、地官赦罪与普度",{"to":1777,"label":1778,"label_zh":1779},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Flaozi-birthday","Laozi’s Birthday: From the Sage Laozi to the Divine Lord Lao","老君诞：从老子到太上老君",{"to":1781,"label":1782,"label_zh":1783},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fdouble-ninth-festival","Double Ninth Festival: Chongyang, Longevity and Respect for Elders","重阳节：九月初九、长生观念与敬老传统",{"to":1785,"label":1786,"label_zh":1787},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fjiao-offering-ritual","Jiao Rituals: Taoism’s Grand Community Offering","醮仪：道教大型共同体祭献科仪",{"to":1789,"label":1790,"label_zh":1791},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fzhai-purification-fasting","Zhai Rituals: Taoist Purification, Fasting and Preparation","斋仪：道教洁净、持戒与祭前准备",{"to":1793,"label":1794,"label_zh":1795},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Ftemple-fairs-pilgrimage","Taoist Temple Fairs and Seasonal Pilgrimage","道教庙会与朝山：宗教、集市与季节性朝圣",{"to":1797,"label":1798,"label_zh":1799},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fdaoist-ritual-robes-garment-image-ceremony","Daoist Ritual Robes: Garment, Image and Ceremonial Role","道教法衣：衣式、图像与科仪身份",{"to":1801,"label":1802,"label_zh":1803},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fdavid-vases-daoist-offering-blue-white-porcelain","The David Vases: A Daoist Offering and a Dated Porcelain Landmark","大维德对瓶：道观供器与青花纪年坐标",{"to":1805,"label":1806,"label_zh":1807},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fdaoist-ritual-seals-impression-authority-documents","Daoist Ritual Seals: Impression, Authority and the Work of Documents","道教法印：印痕、权威与仪式文书",{"to":1809,"label":1810,"label_zh":1811},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fdaoist-ritual-music-bells-drums-chant","Daoist Ritual Music: Bells, Drums, Chant and Ceremonial Time","道教科仪音乐：钟铃、鼓乐、经韵与仪式时间",{"to":1813,"label":1814,"label_zh":1815},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fdaoist-lamp-rituals-light-cosmic-patterns-ceremonial-space","Daoist Lamp Rituals: Light, Cosmic Patterns and Ceremonial Space","道教灯仪：光明、星象秩序与科仪空间",{"to":1817,"label":1818,"label_zh":1819},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fdaoist-talismans-script-ritual-action","Daoist Talismans: Script, Ritual Action and the Limits of Looking","道教符箓：书写、科仪行动与观看边界",{"to":1821,"label":1822,"label_zh":1823},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fdaoist-mirrors-reflection-cosmology-ritual-evidence","Daoist Mirrors: Reflection, Cosmology and Ritual Evidence","道教铜镜：映照、宇宙图式与科仪证据",{"to":1825,"label":1826,"label_zh":1827},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fdaoist-petitions-memorials-celestial-administration","Daoist Petitions and Memorials: Writing to the Celestial Administration","道教章表：写给天庭的仪式文书",{"to":1829,"label":1830,"label_zh":1831},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fdaoist-registers-lu-rank-transmission-celestial-administration","Daoist Registers (Lu): Rank, Transmission and Celestial Administration","道教法箓：品秩、传授与天曹体系",{"to":1833,"label":1834,"label_zh":1835},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fdaoist-audience-tablets-hu-courtly-form-ritual-address","Daoist Audience Tablets (Hu): Courtly Form and Ritual Address","道教朝笏：朝仪形制与科仪奏达",{"to":1837,"label":1838,"label_zh":1839},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fdaoist-crowns-headscarves-dress-rank-ritual-context","Daoist Crowns and Headscarves: Dress, Rank and Ritual Context","道教冠巾：衣制、职司与科仪语境",{"to":1841,"label":1842,"label_zh":1843},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fdaoist-footwear-cloth-cloud-shoes-ritual-movement","Daoist Footwear: Cloth Shoes, Cloud Shoes and Ritual Movement","道教鞋履：布鞋、云履与科仪步伐",{"to":1845,"label":1846,"label_zh":1847,"children":1848},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Feight-immortals","The Eight Immortals: Origins, Symbols and Taoist Legends","八仙：人物、象征与道教传说",[1849,1853,1857,1861,1865,1869],{"to":1850,"label":1851,"label_zh":1852},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Feight-immortals\u002Flu-dongbin","Lü Dongbin: Scholar Immortal, Quanzhen Patriarch and Sword Bearer","吕洞宾：士人仙真、全真祖师与佩剑象征",{"to":1854,"label":1855,"label_zh":1856},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Feight-immortals\u002Fzhang-guolao","Zhang Guolao: Tang Recluse and Backward-Riding Immortal","张果老：唐代隐士与倒骑驴的仙人",{"to":1858,"label":1859,"label_zh":1860},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Feight-immortals\u002Fhe-xiangu","He Xiangu: The Woman Immortal of the Eight","何仙姑：八仙中唯一的女性仙真",{"to":1862,"label":1863,"label_zh":1864},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Feight-immortals\u002Fhan-xiangzi-lan-caihe","Han Xiangzi and Lan Caihe: Music, Flowers and Ambiguous Identity","韩湘子与蓝采和：音乐、花与身份边界",{"to":1866,"label":1867,"label_zh":1868},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Feight-immortals\u002Fcao-guojiu-li-tieguai","Cao Guojiu and Li Tieguai: Privilege, Poverty and the Immortal Body","曹国舅与铁拐李：特权、贫困与身体身份",{"to":1870,"label":1871,"label_zh":1872},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Feight-immortals\u002Fzhongli-quan","Zhongli Quan: Teacher of Lü Dongbin and Patriarch of Internal Alchemy","钟离权：吕洞宾之师与内丹祖师",{"to":1874,"label":1875,"label_zh":1876,"children":1877},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics","Chinese Metaphysics","易学与传统术数",[1878,1910,1943,1976,2009,2046,2083,2116,2149],{"to":1879,"label":1880,"label_zh":1881,"children":1882},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fyin-yang-five-elements","Yin-Yang and the Five Phases in Chinese Thought","阴阳五行：理解关系与变化",[1883,1887,1891,1895,1899,1903,1907],{"to":1884,"label":1885,"label_zh":1886},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fyin-yang-five-elements\u002Forigins-early-history","Origins & Early History of Yin-Yang Thought","阴阳观念的来历",{"to":1888,"label":1889,"label_zh":1890},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fyin-yang-five-elements\u002Fmeaning-of-yin-and-yang","The Meaning of Yin and Yang","阴阳的含义",{"to":1892,"label":1893,"label_zh":1894},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fyin-yang-five-elements\u002Ffive-phases","The Five Phases: Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal & Water","五行：五种运行",{"to":1896,"label":1897,"label_zh":1898},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fyin-yang-five-elements\u002Fgenerating-controlling-cycles","The Generating & Controlling Cycles","相生与相克",{"to":1900,"label":1901,"label_zh":1902},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fyin-yang-five-elements\u002Fcorrelative-cosmology","Correlative Cosmology: Body, Seasons & the Cosmos","天人相应：关联宇宙论",{"to":1904,"label":1905,"label_zh":1906},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fyin-yang-five-elements\u002Fin-the-metaphysical-arts","Yin-Yang & the Five Elements in the Metaphysical Arts","阴阳五行在术数中的应用",{"to":1908,"label":738,"label_zh":1909},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fyin-yang-five-elements\u002Fkey-sources-further-reading","参考文献与延伸阅读",{"to":1911,"label":1912,"label_zh":1913,"children":1914},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fganzhi-stems-branches","Chinese Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches (Ganzhi)","天干地支（干支）：中国历法与术数的六十循环",[1915,1919,1923,1927,1931,1935,1939],{"to":1916,"label":1917,"label_zh":1918},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fganzhi-stems-branches\u002Forigins-history","Origins and History of the Chinese Sexagenary Cycle","中国干支与六十甲子的起源和历史",{"to":1920,"label":1921,"label_zh":1922},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fganzhi-stems-branches\u002Ften-heavenly-stems","The Ten Heavenly Stems: Names, Five Phases and Meanings","十天干：名称、五行属性与含义",{"to":1924,"label":1925,"label_zh":1926},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fganzhi-stems-branches\u002Ftwelve-earthly-branches","The Twelve Earthly Branches: Animals, Hours, Months and Meanings","十二地支：生肖、时辰、月份与含义",{"to":1928,"label":1929,"label_zh":1930},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fganzhi-stems-branches\u002Fsixty-year-jiazi","The Sixty-Part Jiazi Cycle: How Stems and Branches Combine","六十甲子：天干地支如何组合成六十循环",{"to":1932,"label":1933,"label_zh":1934},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fganzhi-stems-branches\u002Fstems-branches-yin-yang-five-phases","How Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches Encode Yin–Yang and the Five Phases","天干地支如何结合阴阳五行",{"to":1936,"label":1937,"label_zh":1938},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fganzhi-stems-branches\u002Fin-the-metaphysical-arts","How Ganzhi Is Used in BaZi, Feng Shui, Date Selection and Other Arts","干支如何应用于八字、风水、择日与其他术数",{"to":1940,"label":1941,"label_zh":1942},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fganzhi-stems-branches\u002Fkey-sources-further-reading","Heavenly Stems, Earthly Branches and Ganzhi: Sources and Further Reading","天干地支与干支历的重要资料和延伸阅读",{"to":1944,"label":1945,"label_zh":1946,"children":1947},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Ffeng-shui","Chinese Feng Shui: Landscape, Compass Methods and Responsible Practice","中国风水：形势、罗盘方法与负责任实践",[1948,1952,1956,1960,1964,1968,1972],{"to":1949,"label":1950,"label_zh":1951},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Ffeng-shui\u002Forigins-history","Origins and History of Chinese Feng Shui","中国风水的起源与历史",{"to":1953,"label":1954,"label_zh":1955},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Ffeng-shui\u002Fqi-compass-two-schools","Qi, the Feng Shui Compass and the Two Schools","风水中的气、罗盘与形势理气之分",{"to":1957,"label":1958,"label_zh":1959},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Ffeng-shui\u002Fform-school-landscape","Feng Shui Form School: How Landscapes Are Read","风水形势派：如何观察山水与地形",{"to":1961,"label":1962,"label_zh":1963},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Ffeng-shui\u002Fcompass-school-luopan","Feng Shui Compass School: How the Luopan Is Used","风水理气派：罗盘如何用于方位判断",{"to":1965,"label":1966,"label_zh":1967},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Ffeng-shui\u002Fdwellings-and-graves","Feng Shui for Homes and Graves: Yangzhai and Yinzhai","阳宅与阴宅风水：住宅和墓葬有何不同",{"to":1969,"label":1970,"label_zh":1971},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Ffeng-shui\u002Fmodern-world","Feng Shui Today: Homes, Cities, Design and Cultural Practice","今日风水：住宅、城市、设计与文化实践",{"to":1973,"label":1974,"label_zh":1975},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Ffeng-shui\u002Fkey-sources-further-reading","Chinese Feng Shui Sources: Classical Texts and Further Reading","中国风水资料：经典文献与延伸阅读",{"to":1977,"label":1978,"label_zh":1979,"children":1980},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fbazi-four-pillars","BaZi (Four Pillars of Destiny): How the Eight Characters Work","八字四柱命理：八个字如何构成命盘",[1981,1985,1989,1993,1997,2001,2005],{"to":1982,"label":1983,"label_zh":1984},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fbazi-four-pillars\u002Forigins-history","History of BaZi and the Four Pillars of Destiny","八字与四柱命理的起源和历史",{"to":1986,"label":1987,"label_zh":1988},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fbazi-four-pillars\u002Fbuilding-the-chart","How a BaZi Chart Is Calculated: The Four Pillars and Eight Characters","八字命盘如何排定：四柱八字的计算方法",{"to":1990,"label":1991,"label_zh":1992},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fbazi-four-pillars\u002Fday-master-ten-gods","The BaZi Day Master and Ten Gods: A Relationship Guide","八字日主与十神：命盘关系如何分类",{"to":1994,"label":1995,"label_zh":1996},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fbazi-four-pillars\u002Ffive-phase-balance","How BaZi Charts Are Read: Five-Phase Balance and the Useful God","八字命盘如何解读：五行平衡与用神",{"to":1998,"label":1999,"label_zh":2000},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fbazi-four-pillars\u002Fluck-pillars-annual-influences","BaZi Luck Pillars and Annual Influences: How Time Is Read","八字大运与流年：命盘如何推移时间",{"to":2002,"label":2003,"label_zh":2004},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fbazi-four-pillars\u002Fin-practice","BaZi Readings Today: Interpretation, Responsibility and Limits","今日八字解读：意义、责任与界限",{"to":2006,"label":2007,"label_zh":2008},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fbazi-four-pillars\u002Fkey-sources-further-reading","BaZi Sources: Classical Texts, Commentaries and Further Reading","八字资料：经典、注疏与延伸阅读",{"to":2010,"label":2011,"label_zh":2012,"children":2013},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fzi-wei-dou-shu","Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology): How the Twelve-Palace Chart Works","紫微斗数：十二宫命盘如何运作",[2014,2018,2022,2026,2030,2034,2038,2042],{"to":2015,"label":2016,"label_zh":2017},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fzi-wei-dou-shu\u002Forigins-history","History of Zi Wei Dou Shu: Origins, Legends and Documented Evidence","紫微斗数的起源与历史：传说、文献与可考证据",{"to":2019,"label":2020,"label_zh":2021},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fzi-wei-dou-shu\u002Ftwelve-palaces","The Twelve Palaces of Zi Wei Dou Shu: A Guide to the Life Domains","紫微斗数十二宫：命盘生活领域完整指南",{"to":2023,"label":2024,"label_zh":2025},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fzi-wei-dou-shu\u002Fthe-stars","Zi Wei Dou Shu Stars: The Fourteen Major Stars and Their Meanings","紫微斗数星曜：十四主星及其含义",{"to":2027,"label":2028,"label_zh":2029},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fzi-wei-dou-shu\u002Fcasting-and-reading","How a Zi Wei Dou Shu Chart Is Cast and Read","紫微斗数如何排盘与解读",{"to":2031,"label":2032,"label_zh":2033},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fzi-wei-dou-shu\u002Ffour-transformations","Zi Wei Dou Shu Four Transformations: How the Chart Moves Through Time","紫微斗数四化：命盘如何随时间变化",{"to":2035,"label":2036,"label_zh":2037},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fzi-wei-dou-shu\u002Fin-practice","Zi Wei Dou Shu Readings Today: Interpretation, Responsibility and Limits","今日紫微斗数解读：意义、责任与界限",{"to":2039,"label":2040,"label_zh":2041},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fzi-wei-dou-shu\u002Fkey-sources-further-reading","Zi Wei Dou Shu Sources: Classical Texts, Schools and Further Reading","紫微斗数资料：经典、流派与延伸阅读",{"to":2043,"label":2044,"label_zh":2045},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fzi-wei-dou-shu\u002Fglossary","Zi Wei Dou Shu Glossary: Palaces, Stars, Transformations and Time Cycles","紫微斗数术语表：宫位、星曜、四化与时间周期",{"to":2047,"label":2048,"label_zh":2049,"children":2050},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fdate-selection","Chinese Date Selection: How Auspicious Days Are Chosen","中国择吉：传统吉日如何选择",[2051,2055,2059,2063,2067,2071,2075,2079],{"to":2052,"label":2053,"label_zh":2054},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fdate-selection\u002Forigins-history","Origins and History of Chinese Date Selection","中国择吉的起源与历史",{"to":2056,"label":2057,"label_zh":2058},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fdate-selection\u002Fthe-almanac","The Chinese Almanac: How the Tongshu Guides Everyday Dates","通书：中国人的日用择日指南",{"to":2060,"label":2061,"label_zh":2062},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fdate-selection\u002Fcyclical-qualities","How Chinese Calendars Describe the Qualities of Days","中国历法如何描述日子的周期属性",{"to":2064,"label":2065,"label_zh":2066},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fdate-selection\u002Fstars-and-officers","Auspicious Stars and Day Officers in Chinese Date Selection","择吉中的吉星、值日神与神煞",{"to":2068,"label":2069,"label_zh":2070},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fdate-selection\u002Fchoosing-a-date","How Chinese Date Selection Works in Practice","中国择日的实际操作",{"to":2072,"label":2073,"label_zh":2074},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fdate-selection\u002Fcultural-meaning-and-responsible-practice","Chinese Date Selection: Cultural Meaning and Responsible Practice","中国择日的文化意义与负责任实践",{"to":2076,"label":2077,"label_zh":2078},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fdate-selection\u002Fkey-sources-further-reading","Chinese Date Selection: Key Sources and Further Reading","中国择日的重要资料与延伸阅读",{"to":2080,"label":2081,"label_zh":2082},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fdate-selection\u002Ftwenty-four-solar-terms-seasonal-time-chinese-calendar","The Twenty-Four Solar Terms: Seasonal Time in the Chinese Calendar","二十四节气：中国历法中的季节时间",{"to":2084,"label":2085,"label_zh":2086,"children":2087},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fphysiognomy","Chinese Physiognomy: Face Reading, Palm Reading and Their Limits","中国相术：面相、手相及其局限",[2088,2092,2096,2100,2104,2108,2112],{"to":2089,"label":2090,"label_zh":2091},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fphysiognomy\u002Forigins-history","Origins and History of Chinese Physiognomy","中国相术的起源与历史",{"to":2093,"label":2094,"label_zh":2095},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fphysiognomy\u002Fface-reading","Chinese Face Reading (Mianxiang): Methods, Meanings and Limits","中国面相术：方法、含义与局限",{"to":2097,"label":2098,"label_zh":2099},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fphysiognomy\u002Fpalm-reading","Chinese Palm Reading (Shouxiang): Traditions, Methods and Limits","中国手相术：传统、方法与局限",{"to":2101,"label":2102,"label_zh":2103},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fphysiognomy\u002Fin-practice","Chinese Physiognomy in Practice Today: Readings, Apps and Risks","当代中国相术：看相、应用程序与风险",{"to":2105,"label":2106,"label_zh":2107},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fphysiognomy\u002Fhistory-interpretation-and-context","How to Interpret Chinese Physiognomy Responsibly","如何负责任地理解中国相术",{"to":2109,"label":2110,"label_zh":2111},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fphysiognomy\u002Fin-culture","Chinese Physiognomy in History, Literature and Everyday Culture","中国相术在历史、文学与日常文化中",{"to":2113,"label":2114,"label_zh":2115},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fphysiognomy\u002Fkey-sources-further-reading","Chinese Physiognomy: Primary Sources and Further Reading","中国相术的重要资料与延伸阅读",{"to":2117,"label":2118,"label_zh":2119,"children":2120},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fdivination-arts","Chinese Divination Arts: Methods, History and Responsible Use","中国占卜术：方法、历史与负责任使用",[2121,2125,2129,2133,2137,2141,2145],{"to":2122,"label":2123,"label_zh":2124},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fdivination-arts\u002Forigins-history","Origins and History of Chinese Divination","中国占卜的起源与历史",{"to":2126,"label":2127,"label_zh":2128},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fdivination-arts\u002Foracle-bones","Chinese Oracle Bones and Turtle-Shell Divination","中国甲骨与龟卜：商代占卜和早期文字",{"to":2130,"label":2131,"label_zh":2132},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fdivination-arts\u002Fyijing-milfoil","The Yijing and Milfoil Divination: How Hexagrams Are Cast and Read","《易经》与筮占：卦象如何生成与解读",{"to":2134,"label":2135,"label_zh":2136},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fdivination-arts\u002Fcoins-and-lots","Chinese Coin Divination and Temple Lots: Methods and Meaning","中国钱占与求签：方法、解读与文化意义",{"to":2138,"label":2139,"label_zh":2140},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fdivination-arts\u002Fin-practice","Chinese Divination in Practice Today: Consultations, Apps and Risks","当代中国占卜：咨询、应用程序与风险",{"to":2142,"label":2143,"label_zh":2144},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fdivination-arts\u002Fmeaning-reflection-and-responsible-practice","How to Use Chinese Divination Responsibly","如何负责任地使用中国占卜",{"to":2146,"label":2147,"label_zh":2148},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fdivination-arts\u002Fkey-sources-further-reading","Chinese Divination: Primary Sources and Further Reading","中国占卜的重要资料与延伸阅读",{"to":2150,"label":2151,"label_zh":2152,"children":2153},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fluoshu-hetu","The Hetu, Luoshu and Nine Palaces in Chinese Cosmology","河图、洛书与九宫：中国传统图式的历史与用途",[2154,2158,2162,2166,2170,2174,2178],{"to":2155,"label":2156,"label_zh":2157},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fluoshu-hetu\u002Forigins-history","Origins and History of the Hetu and Luoshu Diagrams","河图与洛书图式的起源与历史",{"to":2159,"label":2160,"label_zh":2161},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fluoshu-hetu\u002Fhetu-river-chart","The Hetu River Chart: Numbers, Directions and the Five Phases","河图：数字、方位与五行结构",{"to":2163,"label":2164,"label_zh":2165},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fluoshu-hetu\u002Fluoshu-magic-square","The Luoshu Magic Square: Numbers, Structure and Cultural Meaning","洛书幻方：数字结构与文化含义",{"to":2167,"label":2168,"label_zh":2169},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fluoshu-hetu\u002Fnine-palaces","The Nine Palaces (Jiugong): Directions, Time Cycles and Traditional Uses","九宫：方位、时间周期与传统用途",{"to":2171,"label":2172,"label_zh":2173},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fluoshu-hetu\u002Fin-practice","Hetu, Luoshu and Nine Palaces in Practice Today","河图、洛书与九宫在今天的实际应用",{"to":2175,"label":2176,"label_zh":2177},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fluoshu-hetu\u002Fmathematics-tradition-and-interpretation","How to Interpret the Hetu and Luoshu: Mathematics, History and Symbolism","如何理解河图与洛书：数学、历史与象征",{"to":2179,"label":2180,"label_zh":2181},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fluoshu-hetu\u002Fkey-sources-further-reading","Hetu, Luoshu and Nine Palaces: Primary Sources and Further Reading","河图、洛书与九宫的重要资料与延伸阅读",{"to":2183,"label":2184,"label_zh":2185,"children":2186},"\u002Fwudang-mountain","Experience Wudang","武当之旅",[2187,2220,2308,2369,2425,2477],{"to":2188,"label":2189,"label_zh":2190,"children":2191},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fintroduction","Introduction to Wudang Mountain","初识武当山",[2192,2196,2200,2204,2208,2212,2216],{"to":2193,"label":2194,"label_zh":2195},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fintroduction\u002Fzhenwu","Zhenwu: The Taoist Deity at the Heart of Wudang Mountain","真武大帝：武当山的主神",{"to":2197,"label":2198,"label_zh":2199},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fintroduction\u002Fwudang-today","Wudang Mountain Today: Temples, Tourism and Daily Life","今天的武当山：宫观、旅游与日常生活",{"to":2201,"label":2202,"label_zh":2203},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fintroduction\u002Fis-a-visit-right-for-you","Should You Visit Wudang Mountain?","武当山适合你去吗？",{"to":2205,"label":2206,"label_zh":2207},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fintroduction\u002Fwudang-world-heritage","Wudang World Heritage: What UNESCO Inscribed and Why","武当山世界遗产：古建筑群为何列入名录",{"to":2209,"label":2210,"label_zh":2211},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fintroduction\u002Fstone-inscriptions-and-steles","Reading Wudang’s Stone Inscriptions: Steles, Dates and Imperial Memory","读懂武当碑刻：碑石、年代与皇家记忆",{"to":2213,"label":2214,"label_zh":2215},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fintroduction\u002Fwudang-gazetteers-sacred-geography","How Wudang Was Recorded: Gazetteers and Sacred Geography","武当如何被写进山志：文献与神圣地理",{"to":2217,"label":2218,"label_zh":2219},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fintroduction\u002Fplaques-couplets-calligraphy","Reading Wudang’s Plaques and Couplets: Names, Calligraphy and Layers of Time","读懂武当匾额与楹联：名号、书法与历史层次",{"to":2221,"label":2222,"label_zh":2223,"children":2224},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Ftemples-and-sites","Wudang Mountain Temples and Sacred Sites","武当山宫观与胜迹",[2225,2246,2263],{"to":2226,"label":2227,"label_zh":2228,"children":2229},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Ftemples-and-sites\u002Fcentral-route","The Central Temple Route at Wudang Mountain","武当山主线宫观路线",[2230,2234,2238,2242],{"to":2231,"label":2232,"label_zh":2233},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Ftemples-and-sites\u002Fcentral-route\u002Fmozhen-well-and-taizipo","Mozhen Well and Taizipo at Wudang Mountain","武当山磨针井与太子坡",{"to":2235,"label":2236,"label_zh":2237},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Ftemples-and-sites\u002Fcentral-route\u002Fzixiao-palace","Zixiao Palace at Wudang Mountain: A Visitor’s Guide","武当山紫霄宫：参观指南",{"to":2239,"label":2240,"label_zh":2241},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Ftemples-and-sites\u002Fcentral-route\u002Fnanyan-palace","Nanyan Palace at Wudang Mountain: Cliff Temple and Dragon-Head Incense","武当山南岩宫：悬崖宫观与龙头香",{"to":2243,"label":2244,"label_zh":2245},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Ftemples-and-sites\u002Fcentral-route\u002Fthe-summit","Wudang Mountain Summit: Taihe Palace and the Golden Hall","武当山金顶：太和宫与金殿",{"to":2247,"label":2248,"label_zh":2249,"children":2250},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Ftemples-and-sites\u002Foutlying-palaces","Outlying Palaces and Quiet Sites at Wudang Mountain","武当山外围宫观",[2251,2255,2259],{"to":2252,"label":2253,"label_zh":2254},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Ftemples-and-sites\u002Foutlying-palaces\u002Fyuxu-palace","Yuxu Palace at Wudang Mountain: Imperial Ruins and Administrative Centre","武当山玉虚宫：明代皇家遗址与全山管理中心",{"to":2256,"label":2257,"label_zh":2258},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Ftemples-and-sites\u002Foutlying-palaces\u002Fyuzhen-palace","Yuzhen Palace at Wudang Mountain: Zhang Sanfeng, Fire and Relocation","武当山遇真宫：张三丰、火灾与整体抬升",{"to":2260,"label":2261,"label_zh":2262},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Ftemples-and-sites\u002Foutlying-palaces\u002Fwulong-palace","Wulong Palace at Wudang Mountain: The Oldest Remote Temple Site","武当山五龙宫：最古老的偏远宫观遗址",{"to":2264,"label":2265,"label_zh":2266,"children":2267},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Ftemples-and-sites\u002Flayout-and-architecture","Wudang Mountain Temple Layout and Architecture","武当山宫观布局与建筑",[2268,2272,2276,2280,2284,2288,2292,2296,2300,2304],{"to":2269,"label":2270,"label_zh":2271},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Ftemples-and-sites\u002Flayout-and-architecture\u002Fthe-overall-plan","How Wudang Mountain’s Temples Form One Imperial Route","武当山宫观总体布局：一条皇家朝山路线",{"to":2273,"label":2274,"label_zh":2275},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Ftemples-and-sites\u002Flayout-and-architecture\u002Fbuilding-on-difficult-ground","How Wudang Mountain Temples Were Built on Difficult Ground","武当山宫观如何建在险峻山地",{"to":2277,"label":2278,"label_zh":2279},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Ftemples-and-sites\u002Flayout-and-architecture\u002Fwhat-survives","What Is Original at Wudang Mountain—and What Was Rebuilt","武当山哪些是原物，哪些经过修复或复建",{"to":2281,"label":2282,"label_zh":2283},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Ftemples-and-sites\u002Flayout-and-architecture\u002Fhow-to-read-wudang-roofs","How to Read a Wudang Roof: Tiles, Rank and Repair","如何读懂武当屋顶：瓦作、等级与修缮",{"to":2285,"label":2286,"label_zh":2287},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Ftemples-and-sites\u002Flayout-and-architecture\u002Fhow-to-read-painted-timber","How to Read Painted Timber at Wudang: Colour, Craft and Renewal","如何读懂武当建筑彩画：色彩、工艺与更新",{"to":2289,"label":2290,"label_zh":2291},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Ftemples-and-sites\u002Flayout-and-architecture\u002Fhow-to-read-dougong","How to Read Dougong at Wudang: Brackets, Loads and Building Rank","如何读懂武当斗拱：构件、荷载与建筑等级",{"to":2293,"label":2294,"label_zh":2295},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Ftemples-and-sites\u002Flayout-and-architecture\u002Fhow-to-read-bronze","How to Read Bronze at Wudang: Casting, Gilding and Imperial Networks","如何读懂武当铜建筑：铸造、鎏金与帝国网络",{"to":2297,"label":2298,"label_zh":2299},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Ftemples-and-sites\u002Flayout-and-architecture\u002Fhow-to-read-wudang-doors-windows","How to Read Doors and Windows at Wudang: Frames, Lattice and Repair","如何读懂武当门窗：框架、棂格与修缮",{"to":2301,"label":2302,"label_zh":2303},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Ftemples-and-sites\u002Flayout-and-architecture\u002Fhow-wudang-temples-manage-rainwater","How Water Leaves a Wudang Temple: Roofs, Courtyards and Mountain Drainage","武当宫观如何排水：屋面、院落与山地水路",{"to":2305,"label":2306,"label_zh":2307},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Ftemples-and-sites\u002Flayout-and-architecture\u002Fhow-to-read-wudang-stonework-platforms-steps-weathering","How to Read Stonework at Wudang: Platforms, Steps and Weathering","怎样读懂武当山石作：台基、阶道与风化痕迹",{"to":2309,"label":2310,"label_zh":2311,"children":2312},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fplanning-a-visit","Planning a Visit to Wudang Mountain","武当山行前规划指南",[2313,2326,2343,2356],{"to":2314,"label":2315,"label_zh":2316,"children":2317},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fplanning-a-visit\u002Fgetting-there-and-around","Getting to and Around Wudang Mountain","如何前往武当山并在景区内出行",[2318,2322],{"to":2319,"label":2320,"label_zh":2321},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fplanning-a-visit\u002Fgetting-there-and-around\u002Freaching-wudang","How to Reach Wudang Mountain","如何前往武当山",{"to":2323,"label":2324,"label_zh":2325},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fplanning-a-visit\u002Fgetting-there-and-around\u002Fgetting-around-the-mountain","Getting Around Wudang Mountain","如何在武当山景区内出行",{"to":2327,"label":2328,"label_zh":2329,"children":2330},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fplanning-a-visit\u002Ftickets-costs-and-seasons","Wudang Mountain Tickets, Costs and Best Seasons","武当山门票、花费与最佳季节",[2331,2335,2339],{"to":2332,"label":2333,"label_zh":2334},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fplanning-a-visit\u002Ftickets-costs-and-seasons\u002Ftickets-and-what-they-cover","Wudang Mountain Tickets and What They Cover","武当山门票包含什么",{"to":2336,"label":2337,"label_zh":2338},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fplanning-a-visit\u002Ftickets-costs-and-seasons\u002Fwhat-a-trip-costs","What a Trip to Wudang Mountain Costs","去武当山旅行需要多少费用",{"to":2340,"label":2341,"label_zh":2342},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fplanning-a-visit\u002Ftickets-costs-and-seasons\u002Fwhen-to-go","When to Visit Wudang Mountain","什么时候去武当山最合适",{"to":2344,"label":2345,"label_zh":2346,"children":2347},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fplanning-a-visit\u002Fstaying-and-eating","Where to Stay and Eat at Wudang Mountain","武当山住宿与饮食指南",[2348,2352],{"to":2349,"label":2350,"label_zh":2351},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fplanning-a-visit\u002Fstaying-and-eating\u002Fwhere-to-stay","Where to Stay at Wudang Mountain","去武当山住在哪里",{"to":2353,"label":2354,"label_zh":2355},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fplanning-a-visit\u002Fstaying-and-eating\u002Feating","What to Eat at Wudang Mountain","武当山吃什么",{"to":2357,"label":2358,"label_zh":2359,"children":2360},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fplanning-a-visit\u002Ffitness-access-and-safety","Wudang Mountain Fitness, Access and Safety","武当山体力要求、通行条件与安全",[2361,2365],{"to":2362,"label":2363,"label_zh":2364},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fplanning-a-visit\u002Ffitness-access-and-safety\u002Fhow-hard-is-it","How Physically Demanding Is Wudang Mountain?","游览武当山需要多少体力",{"to":2366,"label":2367,"label_zh":2368},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fplanning-a-visit\u002Ffitness-access-and-safety\u002Fsafety-and-weather","Wudang Mountain Weather and Safety","武当山天气与出行安全",{"to":2370,"label":2371,"label_zh":2372,"children":2373},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fstudying-at-wudang","Studying Martial Arts at Wudang Mountain","在武当山学习武术",[2374,2391,2408],{"to":2375,"label":2376,"label_zh":2377,"children":2378},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fstudying-at-wudang\u002Fwhat-is-actually-taught","What Wudang Mountain Martial Arts Schools Actually Teach","武当山武馆实际教什么",[2379,2383,2387],{"to":2380,"label":2381,"label_zh":2382},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fstudying-at-wudang\u002Fwhat-is-actually-taught\u002Fwhat-the-label-means","Wudang Martial Arts: What 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Ledge","武当山南岩：三个历史名称、山崖地貌与宫观",{"to":4627,"label":4628,"label_zh":4629},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fnatural-landscape\u002F36-cliffs\u002Fyinxian-rock","Yinxian Rock at Wudang Mountain: Cave, Inscription and Hermit Traditions","武当山隐仙岩：岩洞、至顺三年题刻与隐士传统",{"to":4631,"label":4632,"label_zh":4633,"children":4634},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fnatural-landscape\u002F24-streams","The 24 Streams of Wudang Mountain","武当山二十四涧",[4635],{"to":4636,"label":4637,"label_zh":4638},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fnatural-landscape\u002F24-streams\u002Ffrom-ravine-to-reservoir-reading-water-at-wudang","From Ravine to Reservoir: Reading Water at Wudang Mountain","从山涧到水库：读懂武当山的水",{"to":4640,"label":4641,"label_zh":4642},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fnatural-landscape\u002Flandscape-temples-and-routes","How Wudang Mountain’s Landscape Shaped Its Temples and Routes","武当山地形如何塑造宫观与参访路线",{"to":4644,"label":4645,"label_zh":4646},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fnatural-landscape\u002Fold-trees-living-heritage","Old Trees at Wudang: Living Heritage, Age and Care","武当古树：活态遗产、树龄与守护",{"to":4648,"label":4649,"label_zh":4650},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fnatural-landscape\u002Fwild-edible-plants-pilgrimage","Wild Edible Plants at Wudang: Food, Pilgrimage and Living Knowledge","武当山野菜：饮食、朝山与活态知识",{"to":4652,"label":4653,"label_zh":4654},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fnatural-landscape\u002Fwudang-mountain-mist-clouds-visibility","Mist at Wudang: Weather, Visibility and the Art of Mountain Looking","武当山云雾：天气、能见度与观山之道",{"to":4656,"label":4657,"label_zh":4658},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fnatural-landscape\u002Freading-wudang-forests-elevation-canopy-sacred-landscape","Reading Wudang’s Forests: Elevation, Canopy and Sacred Landscape","读懂武当山森林：海拔、林冠与神圣景观",{"to":2516,"label":2517,"label_zh":2518},{"to":4661,"label":4662,"label_zh":4663},"\u002Fpractice","Practice","修习入门",{"to":2520,"label":2521,"label_zh":2522},{"to":4666,"label":4667,"label_zh":4668},"\u002Flearn-the-culture","Learn the Culture","了解武当文化",{"to":2524,"label":2525,"label_zh":2526},{"to":4671,"label":2184,"label_zh":4672},"\u002Fexperience-wudang","亲历武当",{"to":2528,"label":2529,"label_zh":2530,"children":4674},[4675,4679,4683,4687,4691,4695,4699,4703,4707,4711,4715,4719,4723,4727],{"to":4676,"label":4677,"label_zh":4678},"\u002Fteachers\u002Fsanyuan","Teacher Sanyuan 三源","三源老师",{"to":4680,"label":4681,"label_zh":4682},"\u002Fteachers\u002Flu","Teacher Lu 卢","卢老师",{"to":4684,"label":4685,"label_zh":4686},"\u002Fteachers\u002Fmingyi-junior","Junior Sister Mingyi 明一","小师妹 · 明一",{"to":4688,"label":4689,"label_zh":4690},"\u002Fteachers\u002Fchongtian","Chongtian 崇恬","武当崇恬",{"to":4692,"label":4693,"label_zh":4694},"\u002Fteachers\u002Fchongmin","Chongmin 崇敏","武当崇敏",{"to":4696,"label":4697,"label_zh":4698},"\u002Fteachers\u002Fmingyi-senior","Senior Sister Jiang Sanjiang 江三江","大师姐 · 江三江",{"to":4700,"label":4701,"label_zh":4702},"\u002Fteachers\u002Flixin","Lixin 理歆 (Teacher Shuai)","武当理歆",{"to":4704,"label":4705,"label_zh":4706},"\u002Fteachers\u002Flidan","Lidan 理丹","武当理丹",{"to":4708,"label":4709,"label_zh":4710},"\u002Fteachers\u002Fchonglin","Chonglin 崇林","武当崇林",{"to":4712,"label":4713,"label_zh":4714},"\u002Fteachers\u002Fzhihuan","Zhihuan 至焕","武当至焕",{"to":4716,"label":4717,"label_zh":4718},"\u002Fteachers\u002Ffacheng","Teacher Facheng 法成","法成老师",{"to":4720,"label":4721,"label_zh":4722},"\u002Fteachers\u002Fgu","Teacher Gu Tidong 谷体东","谷体东老师",{"to":4724,"label":4725,"label_zh":4726},"\u002Fteachers\u002Fchen","Teacher Chen Haichao 陈海潮","陈海潮老师",{"to":4728,"label":4729,"label_zh":4730},"\u002Fteachers\u002Fzhen","Teacher Zhen Ruofei 甄若霏","甄若霏老师",{"to":4732,"label":4733,"label_zh":4734},"\u002Ftai-chi-qigong-singapore","Classes in Singapore","新加坡课程",{"data":4736},[4737,4775,4799,4818,4839,4859,4880,4899,4920,4944,4967],{"id":4738,"uuid":4739,"slug":4740,"available_locales":4741,"name":4745,"description":4748,"body":4751,"path":4754,"images":4755,"image_urls":4760,"hero_image":4750,"hero_image_url":4750,"seo_title":4765,"seo_description":4768,"sort_order":4770,"is_active":4771,"status":4772,"created_at":4773,"updated_at":4774},1,"f1a30881-20c6-407b-b546-669e839a178a","feng-shui-learning",[4742,4743,4744],"en","zh","fr",{"en":4746,"zh":4747},"Feng Shui Learning","风水课程",{"en":4749,"zh":4750},"Study feng shui as a historical Chinese tradition of interpreting orientation, form and environment—with clear limits on predictive claims.",null,{"en":4752,"zh":4753},"\u003Ch2>\u003Cem>Feng shui 風水 developed through multiple schools, texts and professional traditions. It brings together observations of landform, orientation, water, buildings and correlative cosmology. It should not be reduced to decorative rules, nor presented as a scientifically proven way to guarantee health, wealth or relationships.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cem>Classes introduce core vocabulary, the distinction between major approaches and the cultural contexts in which feng shui has been practised. Contemporary applications are discussed critically. Students remain responsible for property, financial and personal decisions and should seek qualified professional advice where those decisions carry material consequences.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>风水形成于不同的流派、典籍与专业传统，综合观察地形、方位、水势、建筑以及阴阳五行等关联性宇宙观。它不应被简化为装饰规则，也不能被宣传为保证健康、财富或关系结果的科学方法。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>课程介绍基本术语、主要方法的差别，以及风水在历史社会中的实践语境，并以批判态度讨论当代应用。涉及房产、财务或其他重大决定时，学员仍应根据事实判断，并咨询具备资质的相关专业人士。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Ffeng-shui-learning",[4756,4757,4758,4759],"wudang\u002Fevents\u002FYpvXV9T4BG3YVD0NQ150.webp","wudang\u002Fevents\u002FfhZyCVAEQXsL76XmGdVp.webp","wudang\u002Fevents\u002FAt5a8W2EGZ9IhDUbI4f3.avif","wudang\u002Fevents\u002FBKPjfYeMNJ617LWJ7tgv.avif",[4761,4762,4763,4764],"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FYpvXV9T4BG3YVD0NQ150.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FfhZyCVAEQXsL76XmGdVp.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FAt5a8W2EGZ9IhDUbI4f3.avif","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FBKPjfYeMNJ617LWJ7tgv.avif",{"en":4766,"zh":4767},"Feng Shui Classes and Courses","风水课程：方位、形势与空间观念入门",{"en":4749,"zh":4769},"从历史、环境与文化语境学习风水，理解方位、形势与空间观念，同时明确传统解释与科学证据的界限。",0,true,"active","2026-07-13T05:17:57.000000Z","2026-09-25T03:51:12.000000Z",{"id":4776,"uuid":4777,"slug":4778,"available_locales":4779,"name":4780,"description":4783,"body":4786,"path":4789,"images":4790,"image_urls":4791,"hero_image":4750,"hero_image_url":4750,"seo_title":4792,"seo_description":4795,"sort_order":4770,"is_active":4771,"status":4772,"created_at":4798,"updated_at":4774},6,"c85bf6cc-b84e-4c36-bbd7-9e92b53bbe50","internal-arts-wellness",[4742,4743,4744],{"en":4781,"zh":4782},"Internal Arts & Wellness","内家功法与养生",{"en":4784,"zh":4785},"Classes, workshops and retreats in Baduanjin, Taijiquan, qigong and traditional practices for movement, breathing and mindful cultivation.","汇集八段锦、太极拳、气功及传统身心修习的课程、工作坊与静修活动。",{"en":4787,"zh":4788},"\u003Cp>Explore small-group classes, workshops and retreats introducing Wudang internal arts and traditional wellness practices. Programmes may include Baduanjin, Taijiquan, qigong, standing practice, breathing and their cultural foundations.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Each listing provides its teacher, schedule, experience level and registration arrangements.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>本类别汇集武当内家功法与传统养生修习的小班课程、工作坊及静修活动，内容可涵盖八段锦、太极拳、气功、站桩、呼吸练习及相关文化基础。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>每项活动都会注明导师、日期、适合程度与报名方式，方便参加者选择合适的学习体验。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Finternal-arts-wellness",[],[],{"en":4793,"zh":4794},"Internal Arts & Wellness Events","内家功法与养生活动",{"en":4796,"zh":4797},"Explore Baduanjin, Taijiquan, qigong and traditional wellness classes, workshops and retreats listed by Wudang.Org.","探索八段锦、太极拳、气功与传统养生课程、工作坊及静修活动。","2026-08-16T19:23:45.000000Z",{"id":4800,"uuid":4801,"slug":4802,"available_locales":4803,"name":4804,"description":4807,"body":4808,"path":4809,"images":4810,"image_urls":4811,"hero_image":4750,"hero_image_url":4750,"seo_title":4812,"seo_description":4814,"sort_order":4770,"is_active":4771,"status":4772,"created_at":4817,"updated_at":4774},10,"884ed965-8c72-49e2-acee-0fc2f7aec70a","face-reading-learning",[4742,4743,4744],{"en":4805,"zh":4806},"Face Reading Learning","面相课程",[],[],"\u002Fevents\u002Fface-reading-learning",[],[],{"en":4813},"Chinese Face Reading Classes and Workshops",{"en":4815,"zh":4816},"Learn Chinese face reading (面相) as a cultural tradition: its classical framework, history and uses, taught with clear limits on predictive claims.","把面相作为中国传统文化来学习：认识其经典框架、历史与用法，并清楚说明传统诠释的边界。","2026-08-30T17:01:43.000000Z",{"id":4819,"uuid":4820,"slug":4821,"available_locales":4822,"name":4823,"description":4826,"body":4828,"path":4831,"images":4832,"image_urls":4833,"hero_image":4750,"hero_image_url":4750,"seo_title":4834,"seo_description":4837,"sort_order":4738,"is_active":4771,"status":4772,"created_at":4773,"updated_at":4774},2,"8792a80b-d0c8-4ef9-9634-5cb91827932b","zi-wei-dou-shu-learning",[4742,4743,4744],{"en":4824,"zh":4825},"Zi Wei Dou Shu Learning","紫微斗数课程",{"en":4827,"zh":4750},"Explore Purple Star Astrology as a traditional Chinese interpretive system, approached as cultural knowledge rather than scientific prediction.",{"en":4829,"zh":4830},"\u003Cp>Zi Wei Dou Shu 紫微斗數 organises birth information through palaces, stars and patterned relationships. The system has a substantial technical vocabulary and several interpretive traditions, but its predictive claims are not established by modern scientific evidence.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Courses explain how charts are structured, how symbols are read and how historical and contemporary practitioners differ. The aim is cultural literacy and disciplined reflection—not certainty about the future. Readings do not replace medical, legal, financial, employment or psychological expertise.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>紫微斗数依据出生信息，以宫位、星曜和彼此关系组织命盘。它具有复杂的术语与多种解释传统，但其预测主张并未得到现代科学证据的确立。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>课程说明命盘结构、符号阅读方法，以及历史与当代实践者之间的差异。学习目的在于文化理解与有纪律的自我反思，而不是获得关于未来的确定答案。相关解读不能代替医疗、法律、财务、就业或心理专业意见。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Fzi-wei-dou-shu-learning",[],[],{"en":4835,"zh":4836},"Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology) Classes","紫微斗数课程：命盘、宫位与星曜入门",{"en":4827,"zh":4838},"把紫微斗数作为中国传统诠释体系来学习，认识命盘、宫位与星曜，不把它包装成科学预测。",{"id":4840,"uuid":4841,"slug":4842,"available_locales":4843,"name":4844,"description":4847,"body":4848,"path":4849,"images":4850,"image_urls":4851,"hero_image":4750,"hero_image_url":4750,"seo_title":4852,"seo_description":4855,"sort_order":4738,"is_active":4771,"status":4772,"created_at":4858,"updated_at":4774},4,"09958025-4f1d-40e6-ae1c-8b1517ac824e","tea-arts",[4742,4743,4744],{"en":4845,"zh":4846},"Tea Arts","茶艺",[],[],"\u002Fevents\u002Ftea-arts",[],[],{"en":4853,"zh":4854},"Chinese Tea Art Classes and Workshops","茶艺课程与工作坊",{"en":4856,"zh":4857},"Chinese tea art (茶艺) classes and workshops: tea types, brewing methods, tea-table etiquette and the quiet attention of sharing tea.","茶艺课程与工作坊：认识茶类、泡茶方法与茶席礼仪，在一席茶中体会从容与专注。","2026-08-16T17:13:57.000000Z",{"id":4860,"uuid":4861,"slug":4862,"available_locales":4863,"name":4864,"description":4867,"body":4869,"path":4872,"images":4873,"image_urls":4874,"hero_image":4750,"hero_image_url":4750,"seo_title":4875,"seo_description":4878,"sort_order":4819,"is_active":4771,"status":4772,"created_at":4773,"updated_at":4774},3,"e52a261e-348a-4b8a-bd51-43f4e6b1d861","ba-zi-learning",[4742,4743,4744],{"en":4865,"zh":4866},"Ba Zi Learning","八字课程",{"en":4868,"zh":4750},"Study the Four Pillars as a traditional system of stems, branches and five-phase correspondence, with history and limitations made explicit.",{"en":4870,"zh":4871},"\u003Cp>Ba Zi 八字 interprets year, month, day and hour through the heavenly stems, earthly branches, yin-yang and five-phase relationships. It is an influential part of Chinese metaphysical culture, not an observational science in the modern empirical sense.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Classes introduce chart structure, terminology and common interpretive methods while distinguishing tradition from evidence. Students are encouraged to treat readings as prompts for reflection and never as guarantees, diagnoses or substitutes for professional advice.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>八字以年、月、日、时四柱为框架，通过天干、地支、阴阳与五行关系进行解释。它是中国术数文化中影响深远的传统体系，并非现代经验科学。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>课程介绍命盘结构、基本术语和常见诠释方法，同时说明传统观点与科学证据的差别。学员可把解读作为反思的线索，但不应把它当作保证、诊断，或任何专业意见的替代品。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Fba-zi-learning",[],[],{"en":4876,"zh":4877},"BaZi (Four Pillars) Classes and Courses","八字课程：四柱、天干地支与五行入门",{"en":4868,"zh":4879},"学习四柱中的天干、地支与五行关系，理解其历史与方法，也清楚区分传统诠释和现代实证知识。",{"id":4881,"uuid":4882,"slug":4883,"available_locales":4884,"name":4885,"description":4888,"body":4889,"path":4890,"images":4891,"image_urls":4892,"hero_image":4750,"hero_image_url":4750,"seo_title":4893,"seo_description":4896,"sort_order":4819,"is_active":4771,"status":4772,"created_at":4858,"updated_at":4774},5,"76718b8e-3137-42fc-a257-c9e318b3e364","incense-culture",[4742,4743,4744],{"en":4886,"zh":4887},"Incense Culture","香文化",[],[],"\u002Fevents\u002Fincense-culture",[],[],{"en":4894,"zh":4895},"Chinese Incense Culture Workshops","香文化活动与工作坊",{"en":4897,"zh":4898},"Workshops on Chinese incense culture (香文化): aromatic materials, traditional ways of preparing and appreciating incense, and incense as calm attention.","香文化活动与工作坊：认识香材、传统制香与品香方式，在一炉香中练习安静与专注。",{"id":4900,"uuid":4901,"slug":4902,"available_locales":4903,"name":4904,"description":4907,"body":4910,"path":4913,"images":4914,"image_urls":4915,"hero_image":4750,"hero_image_url":4750,"seo_title":4916,"seo_description":4918,"sort_order":4819,"is_active":4771,"status":4772,"created_at":4919,"updated_at":4774},11,"c39cc557-40eb-4266-9736-7fb84891d407","i-ching-learning",[4742,4743,4744],{"en":4905,"zh":4906},"I Ching Learning","易经课程",{"en":4908,"zh":4909},"Explore the I Ching through its hexagrams, traditional interpretive methods and historical context, with scope and limitations made explicit.","通过卦象、传统解读方法与历史语境认识《易经》，并清楚说明其适用范围与局限。",{"en":4911,"zh":4912},"\u003Cp>The I Ching 易经 is a classical Chinese text centred on sixty-four hexagrams and a long history of commentary and divination. It has shaped Chinese philosophy, cosmology and metaphysical practice, but its divinatory claims are not established as modern empirical science.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Classes introduce structures, terminology and traditional methods such as Liu Yao while distinguishing cultural study from evidence. Readings should be treated as prompts for reflection, not guarantees, diagnoses or substitutes for professional advice.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>《易经》是一部以六十四卦为核心的中国经典，形成了悠久的注疏与占筮传统，并深刻影响中国哲学、宇宙观与术数文化；其占筮主张并非现代经验科学所证实。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>课程介绍基本结构、术语和六爻等传统方法，同时区分文化学习与科学证据。解读宜作为反思线索，不应视为保证、诊断或任何专业意见的替代品。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Fi-ching-learning",[],[],{"en":4917,"zh":4906},"I Ching Classes and Courses",{"en":4908,"zh":4909},"2026-09-08T00:15:35.000000Z",{"id":4921,"uuid":4922,"slug":4923,"available_locales":4924,"name":4925,"description":4928,"body":4931,"path":4934,"images":4935,"image_urls":4936,"hero_image":4750,"hero_image_url":4750,"seo_title":4937,"seo_description":4940,"sort_order":4860,"is_active":4771,"status":4772,"created_at":4943,"updated_at":4774},7,"ee2330c6-5a3e-4ac2-a2d1-1a0dc110c58c","traditional-arts-crafts",[4742,4743,4744],{"en":4926,"zh":4927},"Traditional Arts & Crafts","传统艺术与手作",{"en":4929,"zh":4930},"Hands-on workshops exploring Chinese handicrafts and decorative arts through guided making and cultural appreciation.","通过亲手制作与文化欣赏，体验中国传统手作及装饰艺术。",{"en":4932,"zh":4933},"\u003Cp>Discover practical workshops in Chinese decorative arts and handcraft traditions. Activities may include gold-leaf painting, cloisonné enamel, mother-of-pearl work, Song brocade and other guided projects.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>These welcoming sessions introduce materials, techniques and cultural context while allowing participants to complete a piece of their own.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>本类别汇集中国传统装饰艺术与手作体验，内容可涵盖金箔画、掐丝珐琅、螺钿工艺、宋锦及其他创作项目。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>课程以轻松易懂的方式介绍材料、技法与文化背景，让参加者在导师带领下完成属于自己的作品。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Ftraditional-arts-crafts",[],[],{"en":4938,"zh":4939},"Traditional Arts & Crafts Events","传统艺术与手作活动",{"en":4941,"zh":4942},"Explore Chinese handicraft and decorative arts workshops, including gold-leaf, cloisonné, mother-of-pearl and brocade.","探索金箔画、掐丝珐琅、螺钿、宋锦等中国传统手作及装饰艺术体验。","2026-08-16T19:24:04.000000Z",{"id":4945,"uuid":4946,"slug":4947,"available_locales":4948,"name":4949,"description":4952,"body":4955,"path":4958,"images":4959,"image_urls":4960,"hero_image":4750,"hero_image_url":4750,"seo_title":4961,"seo_description":4963,"sort_order":4840,"is_active":4771,"status":4772,"created_at":4966,"updated_at":4774},8,"824f78c1-1181-4983-bae5-77e7cdbbbc1d","wudang-community",[4742,4743,4744],{"en":4950,"zh":4951},"Wudang Community","武当社群活动",{"en":4953,"zh":4954},"Talks, broadcasts and community gatherings connecting people with Wudang culture, learning and living practice.","通过讲座、直播与社群聚会，连接武当文化、学习与日常实践。",{"en":4956,"zh":4957},"\u003Cp>Wudang Community brings together public talks, livestreams, gatherings and shared cultural activities connected with Wudang.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>These programmes create welcoming ways to meet practitioners, explore ideas and participate in a growing community of learning and practice.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>武当社群活动汇集与武当文化相关的公开讲座、直播、聚会及共享文化体验。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>这些活动以友善开放的方式连接练习者与学习者，让大家交流心得、认识传统，并共同参与持续发展的文化社群。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Fwudang-community",[],[],{"en":4962,"zh":4951},"Wudang Community Events",{"en":4964,"zh":4965},"Discover Wudang community talks, broadcasts and gatherings connecting people with culture, learning and living practice.","探索连接武当文化、学习与日常实践的讲座、直播及社群聚会。","2026-08-16T19:24:18.000000Z",{"id":4968,"uuid":4969,"slug":4970,"available_locales":4971,"name":4972,"description":4975,"body":4976,"path":4977,"images":4978,"image_urls":4979,"hero_image":4750,"hero_image_url":4750,"seo_title":4980,"seo_description":4983,"sort_order":4881,"is_active":4771,"status":4772,"created_at":4986,"updated_at":4774},9,"25641c0b-8e5a-46d7-9b18-95c344015f97","wudang-journeys-retreats",[4742,4743,4744],{"en":4973,"zh":4974},"Wudang Journeys & Retreats","武当旅修与行程",[],[],"\u002Fevents\u002Fwudang-journeys-retreats",[],[],{"en":4981,"zh":4982},"Wudang Mountain Retreats and Guided Journeys","武当山旅修与静修行程",{"en":4984,"zh":4985},"Guided journeys and retreats to Wudang Mountain that combine practice, temple visits and cultural learning, with itineraries and expectations set out clearly.","前往武当山的旅修与静修：结合修习、宫观参访与文化学习，提前说明行程安排与参加须知。","2026-08-18T11:09:38.000000Z",{"data":4988},{"hero_type":4989,"hero_image":4990,"hero_image_alt":4991,"hero_youtube_id":4992,"hero_content_on":4771,"hero_heading":4993,"hero_subheading":4994,"hero_text":4995,"hero_subheading_zh":4996,"hero_text_zh":4997,"hero_buttons":4998,"home_seo":5004,"page_layout":5010,"shop_enabled":5011,"contact":5012,"journey":5028},"image","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fsite\u002Fwudanghomepagehero.webp","Wudang mountain temple in mist","VgirFbjpiy4","武当文化，道在日常\nWudang Culture, Practised with Purpose","A place for learning. A home for living culture.","Explore Taoist thought, internal arts, literati traditions and Wudang Mountain through grounded learning in Singapore and beyond.","这里既是学习之地，也是让文化融入日常的所在。","从道家思想、内家武术、文人雅艺与武当山出发，以清晰、踏实的方式，在新加坡及世界各地认识和体验武当文化。",[4999,5001],{"label":5000,"link":2520},"Start Your Wudang Journey",{"label":5002,"link":5003},"View Events & Courses","\u002Fevents",{"title":5005,"description":5007},{"en":5006,"zh":4750},"Wudang Mountain: Tai Chi, Qigong & Taoist Culture",{"en":5008,"zh":5009},"Explore Wudang Mountain through Tai Chi, Qigong, Daoist philosophy, martial arts, traditional arts, wellness, culture and everyday life in Wudang.","从太极、气功、道家思想、武术、传统雅艺与养生文化认识武当山，探索武当文化及武当山的日常生活。","sidebar",false,{"methods":5013,"has_any":4771,"text":5021},{"email":5014,"whatsapp":5015,"wechat_id":5016,"wechat_qr_url":5017,"instagram":5018,"instagram_handle":5019,"facebook":5020,"facebook_handle":5019},"hello@wudang.org","+6588169599","Cldjcll0305","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fcontact\u002Fkcs9Z5IEY7CugW2mEYA8.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.instagram.com\u002Fleewudang.sg","@leewudang.sg","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fleewudang.sg\u002F",{"china_heading_en":5022,"china_heading_zh":5023,"china_company_en":5024,"china_company_zh":5025,"china_address_en":5026,"china_address_zh":5027},"China Operations","中国运营","Xunwei Wudang Co., Ltd.","寻味武当有限公司","No. 72 Jianhe 2nd Road, Wangjiayuan, Wudang Mountain, Shiyan, Hubei, China","湖北省十堰市武当山王家园剑河二路72号",{"title_en":4750,"title_zh":4750,"intro_en":4750,"intro_zh":4750,"enabled":4771},{"data":5030},{"to":4644,"type":5031,"available_locales":5032,"is_content_page":4771,"title":5033,"subtitle":5034,"body":5037,"hero_image_url":5040,"hero_width":5041,"hero_height":5042,"hero_image_alt":5043,"hero_image_decorative":5011,"hero_credit":5046,"hero_alt":5051,"hero_style":5052,"card_layout":5053,"link_type":4750,"link_ref":4750,"seo_title":5054,"seo_description":5057,"children":5060},"page",[4742,4743,4744],{"en":4645,"zh":4646},{"en":5035,"zh":5036},"How to read age records, root zones and the changing relationship between mountain trees, paths and historic buildings","从树龄档案、根系保护区到山林、道路与历史建筑的共生变化，读懂武当古树",{"en":5038,"zh":5039},"\u003Cp>At Wudang, an old tree may stand beside a stair, wall or temple court for generations. Its trunk can feel like a direct witness to history, but appearance alone cannot tell us when it began to grow, who planted it or whether it is the same age as the building beside it. Reading a living monument requires both attention and restraint.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>This guide treats trees as part of Wudang’s \u003Ca href=\"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fnatural-landscape\">natural landscape\u003C\u002Fa> and as living neighbours of built heritage. It explains what “old tree” means in Chinese protection rules, why records matter, and how visitors can look closely without turning a venerable tree into a legend or a prop.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>Begin with the record, not the silhouette\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>“Old” has a legal threshold\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>China’s national regulations define an old tree as one more than 100 years old. They divide protected trees into three age grades: 100–299 years, 300–499 years and 500 years or more. A “famous tree” is defined by historical, cultural, scientific, landscape or commemorative value and receives the highest protection regardless of age. These categories are administrative tools for care; they are not a ranking of spiritual worth.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch3>A label summarizes a larger file\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>A trunk’s width, hollows or twisted crown may suggest long life, but species, slope, wind, soil and past damage all affect form. National census guidance calls for tree-by-tree records covering age, location, ownership, condition and historical or cultural information, with technical checks and quality control. A protection label is therefore the visible edge of a file—not an invitation to estimate age from size alone.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch3>Wudang’s reported age range needs attribution\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>Wudang’s official tourism site describes a group of old trees around the summit and reports recorded ages from just over 100 years to 621 years. It also names several species in the group. These figures are useful as an account of the site’s records, but they should remain attributed to that source rather than becoming claims that every large summit tree is six centuries old.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>Read tree and building as separate histories\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>Neighbourhood does not prove a shared date\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>A tree beside an old wall may predate the present masonry, be younger than it, or have survived several campaigns of repair. The inscription of Wudang’s \u003Ca href=\"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fintroduction\u002Fwudang-world-heritage\">ancient building complex as World Heritage\u003C\u002Fa> does not automatically date each nearby tree or make every specimen part of the inscribed fabric. Compare labels, gazetteers, photographs, maintenance records and building chronology before joining two histories together.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch3>Roots and masonry occupy the same ground\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>Roots need air, water and permeable soil; paths and foundations need stability and drainage. As both change, a root may lift paving, while compacted ground or an altered drain may stress the tree. The answer is not to treat either the tree or the structure as an obstacle. China’s 2025 regulations specifically call for joint measures when old-tree protection overlaps cultural-relic protection.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch3>Stories matter, but they are not planting records\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>Communities often remember a tree through a ruler, monk, traveller or sacred event. Such associations can be important cultural evidence even when the planter is unknown. State clearly whether a story is an oral tradition, a later gazetteer entry, an inscription or a contemporary archive. Respect grows when different kinds of evidence are named rather than blended.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cfigure>\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fpages\u002FYFkgRWUXDancCgycPrBK.webp\" alt=\"Conceptual AI-generated photograph of a fictional tree-recording table with pressed leaves, a blank record card, a field notebook, gloves, a magnifier and measuring tools.\" \u002F>\u003Cfigcaption>Conceptual AI-generated study of tree documentation. The leaves, blank card and instruments are fictional and are not a Wudang archive, specimen set or age assessment.\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\u003Ch2>Protection begins below the visible trunk\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>The root zone is part of the monument\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>A tree is not protected if only its bark is admired. National rules prohibit damaging acts including root excavation, bark stripping, excessive pruning, hard impermeable surfacing, carving, climbing and attaching objects. Barriers and mulched or permeable ground may look modest, but they protect the soil volume that keeps crown and trunk alive.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch3>Visitor pressure can change soil and vegetation\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>A 2015 field study in Wudang scenic areas found that tourism activity was associated in the sampled zones with denser soil, reductions in several soil-fertility measures, altered plant-community composition and lower vegetation cover. The study does not diagnose every path or every tree. It does show why managers monitor foot traffic, drainage and ground condition rather than waiting for a dramatic branch failure.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch3>Care is repeated, not finished\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>Old trees are living organisms, so their condition changes with weather, pests, water and nearby work. The national system calls for regular inspection, daily maintenance and updated archives. Supports, lightning protection, drainage work or pruning should be read as dated interventions, not evidence that a tree is artificial or untouched. On steep ground near \u003Ca href=\"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fnatural-landscape\u002F72-peaks\u002Ftianzhu-peak\">Tianzhu Peak\u003C\u002Fa>, care must respond to both mountain exposure and heavy visitation.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>A six-step practice for visitors\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>Move from observation to evidence\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Col>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Read the label first.\u003C\u002Fstrong> Note the recorded species, age or grade and the responsible authority without adding details that are not shown.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Look at the whole tree.\u003C\u002Fstrong> Observe crown, trunk, roots and surrounding slope before focusing on one hollow or dramatic branch.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Separate dates.\u003C\u002Fstrong> Check the tree record and the building history independently; proximity does not make them contemporaries.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Notice the protection zone.\u003C\u002Fstrong> Barriers, permeable ground, drainage and supports can reveal what managers are trying to safeguard.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Leave no attachment.\u003C\u002Fstrong> Do not carve, climb, tie ribbons, hang objects or step across barriers for a photograph.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Test the story.\u003C\u002Fstrong> Compare oral tradition with labels, inscriptions, gazetteers and reliable research before repeating a named planter or exact age.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Fol>\n\n\u003Ch3>Look without adding a mark\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>Pause at the edge of the protected ground and change your viewing distance. The crown shows exposure; the trunk records growth and injury; the root zone reveals the conditions of continued life. Then place the tree within the wider route using our guide to \u003Ca href=\"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fnatural-landscape\u002Flandscape-temples-and-routes\">how Wudang’s landscape shaped its temples and routes\u003C\u002Fa>. The best close reading leaves no physical trace.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cblockquote>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Sources and limits.\u003C\u002Fstrong> This guide distinguishes official records, field research and cultural memory. It does not assign a date, species or planter to an unlabelled tree. The generated photographs are conceptual and do not depict a real Wudang tree, archive or conservation intervention.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fblockquote>\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Further reading:\u003C\u002Fstrong> \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mee.gov.cn\u002Fzcwj\u002Fgwywj\u002F202502\u002Ft20250206_1101763.shtml\">State Council, Regulations on the Protection of Old and Famous Trees\u003C\u002Fa>; \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.forestry.gov.cn\u002Fc\u002Fwww\u002Fzxzb\u002F250106.jhtml\">National Forestry and Grassland Administration, national census methods and records\u003C\u002Fa>; \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fm.chinawudang.com\u002Ftour\u002F779.html\">Wudang Mountain official site, reported summit old-tree group\u003C\u002Fa>; \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.lyzygl.com.cn\u002FCN\u002F10.13466\u002Fj.cnki.lyzygl.2015.03.018\">Forestry Resources Management, study of tourism and Wudang’s ecological environment\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>在武当，一棵古树可能已经在石阶、宫墙或院落旁生长了数代。粗壮的树干仿佛是历史的直接见证，但仅凭外观，无法判断它从何时开始生长、由谁栽植，也不能断定它与身旁的建筑同龄。读懂一处“活着的遗产”，既需要细看，也需要克制。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>本文把古树视为武当\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fzh\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fnatural-landscape\">自然景观\u003C\u002Fa>的一部分，也是建筑遗产的生命邻居。我们将说明中国保护制度中的“古树”指什么、档案为何重要，以及游客如何在不制造传说、不把古树当作拍照道具的前提下认真观察。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>先看档案，再看轮廓\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>“古”有明确的保护门槛\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>中国现行国家条例把树龄100年以上的树木定义为古树，并按树龄分为三级：100年至299年、300年至499年，以及500年以上。名木则因其重要的历史、文化、科学、景观或纪念价值而认定，不论树龄均按一级古树保护。这些分类是便于管理和养护的制度工具，并不是对树木“精神价值”的高低排序。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch3>一块铭牌背后是一整份档案\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>树干粗细、空洞或扭曲的树冠或许让人联想到久远年代，但树种、坡度、风力、土壤和过往损伤都会影响形态。全国古树名木普查要求逐株记录树龄、位置、权属、生长状况及历史文化信息，并进行技术认定和质量检查。因此，保护牌只是档案在现场的一个窗口，而不是邀请游客仅凭树木大小估算年龄。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch3>武当的树龄数据需要注明出处\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>武当山官方旅游网站介绍了金顶周边的一组古树，称档案所记树龄从100多年到621年不等，并列举了其中若干树种。这些数字可以帮助我们了解当地记录，但应继续注明来源，不能据此把每一棵体型较大的金顶树木都说成有六百年历史。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>把树木史与建筑史分开阅读\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>相邻不等于同龄\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>一棵长在古墙旁的树，可能早于现存墙体，也可能晚于它，还可能经历过多次建筑修缮。武当\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fzh\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fintroduction\u002Fwudang-world-heritage\">古建筑群列入世界遗产\u003C\u002Fa>，并不能自动确定附近每棵树的年代，也不意味着所有树木都属于被列入的建筑遗产本体。把两段历史联系起来之前，应对照保护牌、地方志、历史照片、养护记录和建筑年代。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch3>根系与墙基共享同一片土地\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>树根需要空气、水分和透气土壤；道路与建筑基础则需要稳定和排水。随着两者不断变化，根系可能顶起铺地，而被踩实的土壤或改变的排水也可能使树木受压。解决办法不是把树木或建筑中的任何一方视为障碍。2025年施行的国家条例明确要求：古树名木保护与文物保护发生重合时，有关部门应共同制定保护措施。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch3>传说有意义，但不是栽植档案\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>社区常把一棵树与帝王、道人、旅行者或神圣事件联系在一起。即使栽植者无法确认，这类记忆仍可能是重要的文化证据。讲述时应明确区分口述传统、后世地方志记载、碑刻和当代档案。把不同证据的性质说清楚，比把它们混成一个动人故事更能表达尊重。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cfigure>\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fpages\u002FYFkgRWUXDancCgycPrBK.webp\" alt=\"AI 生成的概念摄影图：虚构的树木记录桌上摆有压制叶片、空白档案卡、野外记录本、手套、放大镜和测量工具。\" \u002F>\u003Cfigcaption>AI 生成的树木档案概念图。叶片、空白卡片与工具均为虚构，不是武当的档案、标本或树龄鉴定记录。\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\u003Ch2>保护从看不见的根下开始\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>根系保护区也是遗产的一部分\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>如果只赞叹树皮，却不保护地下根系，古树就没有真正得到守护。国家条例禁止挖根、剥皮、过度修剪、硬化地面、刻划、攀爬和悬挂物品等损害行为。围栏、覆盖物和透水地面看似普通，却保护着维持树冠与树干生命的土壤空间。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch3>游客压力会改变土壤与植被\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>一项2015年在武当山风景区开展的研究发现，在所调查区域内，旅游活动与土壤容重上升、多项土壤肥力指标下降、植物群落组成改变及植被覆盖度降低有关。这项研究并不是对每条道路或每棵树作出诊断，却说明管理者为何要持续监测客流、排水和地表状况，而不是等到大枝折断才采取行动。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch3>养护是持续过程，而不是一次完成\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>古树是生命体，会随天气、病虫害、水分和周边工程而变化。国家制度要求日常养护、定期巡查并更新档案。支撑、防雷、排水或修剪都应被理解为有时间记录的干预措施，不能据此断言树木“是人工的”或“从未被动过”。在\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fzh\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fnatural-landscape\u002F72-peaks\u002Ftianzhu-peak\">天柱峰\u003C\u002Fa>附近的陡峭环境中，养护还必须同时应对山地暴露和大量访客。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>游客的六步观察法\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>从观察走向证据\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Col>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>先读保护牌。\u003C\u002Fstrong>记下牌上所列的树种、树龄或保护等级及主管单位，不添加牌上没有的信息。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>观察整棵树。\u003C\u002Fstrong>先看树冠、树干、根系和周围坡地，再聚焦于某个空洞或形态突出的枝条。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>分开核对年代。\u003C\u002Fstrong>分别查找树木档案与建筑史；空间相邻不代表两者同龄。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>留意保护范围。\u003C\u002Fstrong>围栏、透水地面、排水设施和支撑物，都能提示管理者正在保护什么。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>不留下附着物。\u003C\u002Fstrong>不要刻划、攀爬、系丝带、悬挂物品，也不要为了拍照跨越围栏。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>检验故事。\u003C\u002Fstrong>在转述某位栽植者或精确树龄之前，把口述传统与保护牌、碑刻、地方志和可靠研究相互对照。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Fol>\n\n\u003Ch3>观看，但不增添一道痕迹\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>站在保护范围之外，改变观察距离：树冠反映所受的风光环境，树干记录生长与损伤，根系区域则揭示生命得以延续的条件。之后可借助\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fzh\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fnatural-landscape\u002Flandscape-temples-and-routes\">武当山地形如何塑造庙观与道路\u003C\u002Fa>的指南，把古树放回整条山路的环境中理解。最好的细读，不会留下任何物理痕迹。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cblockquote>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>资料与限度。\u003C\u002Fstrong>本文区分官方档案、实地研究与文化记忆，不为没有铭牌的树木擅自判定年代、树种或栽植者。生成图像均为概念性画面，不代表真实的武当古树、档案或保护工程。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fblockquote>\n\n\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>延伸阅读：\u003C\u002Fstrong>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.mee.gov.cn\u002Fzcwj\u002Fgwywj\u002F202502\u002Ft20250206_1101763.shtml\">国务院《古树名木保护条例》\u003C\u002Fa>；\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.forestry.gov.cn\u002Fc\u002Fwww\u002Fzxzb\u002F250106.jhtml\">国家林业和草原局：全国古树名木普查方法与档案\u003C\u002Fa>；\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fm.chinawudang.com\u002Ftour\u002F779.html\">武当山官方旅游网站：金顶古树群的记录\u003C\u002Fa>；\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.lyzygl.com.cn\u002FCN\u002F10.13466\u002Fj.cnki.lyzygl.2015.03.018\">《林业资源管理》：旅游活动对武当山生态环境的影响\u003C\u002Fa>。\u003C\u002Fp>","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fpages\u002FF24wdkPMBFNPKz0JEH2F.webp",1672,941,{"en":5044,"zh":5045},"Conceptual AI-generated photograph of a fictional old broadleaf tree beside a wet mountain path, with misty ridges and a distant red wall at dawn.","AI 生成的概念摄影图：黎明时分，一棵虚构的古老阔叶树立在湿润山路旁，远处云雾缭绕的山脊间隐约可见红墙。",{"caption":5047,"creator":5048,"source_url":4750,"license_label":5049,"license_url":4750,"changes":5050},"Conceptual study of an old mountain tree near built heritage; it does not depict a documented Wudang tree or site.","OpenAI","AI-generated conceptual image","AI-generated conceptual photograph; the tree, path, wall and mountain setting are fictionalized for interpretation.",{"en":5044,"zh":5045},"banner","list",{"en":5055,"zh":5056},"Old Trees at Wudang: Age, Records and Care","武当古树：树龄、档案与保护",{"en":5058,"zh":5059},"Learn how China classifies old trees, how age records are checked, and why roots, soil, paths and historic buildings must be cared for together at Wudang.","了解中国古树的分级标准、树龄档案如何核验，以及武当为何需要统筹保护根系、土壤、道路与历史建筑。",[]]