[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"site-nav-reference-en":3,"site-nav-zh":4,"site-nav-zh-all-arts":289,"event-categories-zh":918,"site-settings":1161,"node-zh-arts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-poetry-quotation-excerpts-fragments-lost-context":1203,"live-course-events":1237},null,{"data":5},{"header":6,"footer":264},[7,51,82,123,161,187,229,260],{"to":8,"label":9,"label_zh":10,"children":11},"\u002Fdao","TAO","道",[12,17,22,26,30,34,39,43,47],{"to":13,"label":14,"label_zh":15,"n":16},"\u002Fdao\u002Fintroduction","Begin with the Tao","道學入門",9,{"to":18,"label":19,"label_zh":20,"n":21},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing","I Ching","易經",7,{"to":23,"label":24,"label_zh":25,"n":16},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing","Tao Te Ching","道德經",{"to":27,"label":28,"label_zh":29,"n":21},"\u002Fdao\u002Ftaiji","Taiji","太極",{"to":31,"label":32,"label_zh":33,"n":21},"\u002Fdao\u002Fzhuang-zi","Zhuangzi","莊子",{"to":35,"label":36,"label_zh":37,"n":38},"\u002Fdao\u002Fclassics","Classical Library","道家經典文庫",1,{"to":40,"label":41,"label_zh":42},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdaoist-philosophy","Taoist Philosophy","道家哲學",{"to":44,"label":45,"label_zh":46},"\u002Fdao\u002Fwu-wei-natural-living","Wu Wei & Natural Living","無為與自然生活",{"to":48,"label":49,"label_zh":50},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdaoist-view-of-life","A Taoist View of Life","道家人生觀",{"to":52,"label":53,"label_zh":54,"children":55},"\u002Fmartial-arts","Martial Arts","武當武術",[56,61,65,70,74,78],{"to":57,"label":58,"label_zh":59,"n":60},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ffoundations-internal-arts","Foundations of Internal Martial Arts","內家拳基礎",6,{"to":62,"label":63,"label_zh":64,"n":21},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ftaijiquan","Taijiquan (Tai Chi)","太極拳",{"to":66,"label":67,"label_zh":68,"n":69},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fbaguazhang","Baguazhang: Circle Walking, Palm Changes and Movement","八卦掌：走圈、換掌與身法變化",5,{"to":71,"label":72,"label_zh":73,"n":69},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fxingyiquan","Xingyiquan: Structure, Intention and Direct Training","形意拳：結構、意念與直接訓練",{"to":75,"label":76,"label_zh":77,"n":21},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fweapons","Wudang Sword and Weapons: History, Practice and Context","武當劍與兵器：歷史、練習與文化語境",{"to":79,"label":80,"label_zh":81,"n":21},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ftraining-practice","Training and Practice: Building a Sustainable Wudang Routine","訓練與習練：建立可持續的武當練習",{"to":83,"label":84,"label_zh":85,"children":86},"\u002Fwellness","Wellness","養生",[87,91,95,99,103,107,111,115,119],{"to":88,"label":89,"label_zh":90,"n":21},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fqigong","Qigong","氣功",{"to":92,"label":93,"label_zh":94,"n":60},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fherbal-healing","Chinese Herbal Medicine","中藥與本草",{"to":96,"label":97,"label_zh":98,"n":60},"\u002Fwellness\u002Ftaoist-medicine","Taoist Medicine","道家醫學",{"to":100,"label":101,"label_zh":102,"n":60},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fenergy-sound-healing","Sound & Energy Practices","聲音與能量練習",{"to":104,"label":105,"label_zh":106},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fstanding-practice","Standing Practice","站樁",{"to":108,"label":109,"label_zh":110},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fwudang-internal-cultivation","Wudang Internal Cultivation","武當內修",{"to":112,"label":113,"label_zh":114},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fmoxibustion","Moxibustion","艾灸",{"to":116,"label":117,"label_zh":118},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fbigu","Bigu","辟穀",{"to":120,"label":121,"label_zh":122,"n":38},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fbaduanjin","Baduanjin (Eight Brocades)","八段錦",{"to":124,"label":125,"label_zh":126,"children":127},"\u002Farts","Literati Arts","文人雅藝",[128,133,138,143,148,153,157],{"to":129,"label":130,"label_zh":131,"n":132},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature","Chinese Poetry and Literature: Forms, Contexts and Reading Paths","中國詩詞與文學：體式、語境與閱讀路徑",53,{"to":134,"label":135,"label_zh":136,"n":137},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy","Chinese Calligraphy: Scripts, Materials and Ways of Looking","中國書法：書體、材料與觀賞入門",17,{"to":139,"label":140,"label_zh":141,"n":142},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony","Chinese Tea Culture","中國茶文化",39,{"to":144,"label":145,"label_zh":146,"n":147},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin","Guqin: Sound, History and Ways to Listen","古琴：認識聲音、歷史與聆聽方法",12,{"to":149,"label":150,"label_zh":151,"n":152},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting","Chinese Painting: Materials, Formats and Ways of Looking","中國繪畫：材料、形制與觀看方法",15,{"to":154,"label":155,"label_zh":156,"n":16},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense","Chinese Incense Culture","中國香文化",{"to":158,"label":159,"label_zh":160,"n":21},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement","Chinese Flower Arrangement: History, Materials and Ways of Looking","中國插花：歷史、花材與觀看方法",{"to":162,"label":163,"label_zh":164,"children":165},"\u002Fdaoism","Taoist Culture","道教文化",[166,170,174,178,183],{"to":167,"label":168,"label_zh":169,"n":16},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-deities-pantheon","Taoist Deities and the Chinese Pantheon: A Structural Guide","道教神仙與神明體系：結構與層級指南",{"to":171,"label":172,"label_zh":173,"n":21},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-temples-sacred-mountains","Taoist Temples and Sacred Mountains: A Guide to Places and Architecture","道教名山與宮觀：聖地、建築與制度指南",{"to":175,"label":176,"label_zh":177,"n":21},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-schools-lineages","Taoist Schools and Lineages: Zhengyi, Quanzhen and Historical Traditions","道教流派與傳承：正一、全真及歷史道派",{"to":179,"label":180,"label_zh":181,"n":182},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals","Taoist Festivals and Rituals: Calendars, Offerings and Community Rites","道教節日與科儀：神誕、齋醮與歲時儀式",19,{"to":184,"label":185,"label_zh":186,"n":60},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Feight-immortals","The Eight Immortals: Origins, Symbols and Taoist Legends","八仙：人物、象徵與道教傳說",{"to":188,"label":189,"label_zh":190,"children":191},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics","Chinese Metaphysics","易學與傳統術數",[192,196,200,204,208,213,217,221,225],{"to":193,"label":194,"label_zh":195,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fyin-yang-five-elements","Yin-Yang and the Five Phases in Chinese Thought","陰陽五行：理解關係與變化",{"to":197,"label":198,"label_zh":199,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fganzhi-stems-branches","Chinese Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches (Ganzhi)","天干地支（干支）：中國曆法與術數的六十循環",{"to":201,"label":202,"label_zh":203,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Ffeng-shui","Chinese Feng Shui: Landscape, Compass Methods and Responsible Practice","中國風水：形勢、羅盤方法與負責任實踐",{"to":205,"label":206,"label_zh":207,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fbazi-four-pillars","BaZi (Four Pillars of Destiny): How the Eight Characters Work","八字四柱命理：八個字如何構成命盤",{"to":209,"label":210,"label_zh":211,"n":212},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fzi-wei-dou-shu","Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology): How the Twelve-Palace Chart Works","紫微斗數：十二宮命盤如何運作",8,{"to":214,"label":215,"label_zh":216,"n":212},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fdate-selection","Chinese Date Selection: How Auspicious Days Are Chosen","中國擇吉：傳統吉日如何選擇",{"to":218,"label":219,"label_zh":220,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fphysiognomy","Chinese Physiognomy: Face Reading, Palm Reading and Their Limits","中國相術：面相、手相及其侷限",{"to":222,"label":223,"label_zh":224,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fdivination-arts","Chinese Divination Arts: Methods, History and Responsible Use","中國占卜術：方法、歷史與負責任使用",{"to":226,"label":227,"label_zh":228,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fluoshu-hetu","The Hetu, Luoshu and Nine Palaces in Chinese Cosmology","河圖、洛書與九宮：中國傳統圖式的歷史與用途",{"to":230,"label":231,"label_zh":232,"children":233},"\u002Fwudang-mountain","Experience Wudang","武當之旅",[234,238,243,248,252,256],{"to":235,"label":236,"label_zh":237,"n":21},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fintroduction","Introduction to Wudang Mountain","初識武當山",{"to":239,"label":240,"label_zh":241,"n":242},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Ftemples-and-sites","Wudang Mountain Temples and Sacred Sites","武當山宮觀與勝蹟",3,{"to":244,"label":245,"label_zh":246,"n":247},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fplanning-a-visit","Planning a Visit to Wudang Mountain","武當山行前規劃指南",4,{"to":249,"label":250,"label_zh":251,"n":242},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fstudying-at-wudang","Studying Martial Arts at Wudang Mountain","在武當山學習武術",{"to":253,"label":254,"label_zh":255,"n":242},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Ftemple-etiquette","Wudang Temple Etiquette: A Visitor’s Guide","武當宮觀參訪禮儀",{"to":257,"label":258,"label_zh":259,"n":69},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fpractical-reference","Wudang Mountain Practical Reference","武當山實用參考資料",{"to":261,"label":262,"label_zh":263},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Feveryday-wudang","Everyday Wudang","武當日常",[265,266,267,268,269,270,271,272,273,277,281,285],{"to":8,"label":9,"label_zh":10},{"to":52,"label":53,"label_zh":54},{"to":83,"label":84,"label_zh":85},{"to":124,"label":125,"label_zh":126},{"to":162,"label":163,"label_zh":164},{"to":188,"label":189,"label_zh":190},{"to":230,"label":231,"label_zh":232},{"to":261,"label":262,"label_zh":263},{"to":274,"label":275,"label_zh":276},"\u002Fabout","About Wudang.Org","關於 Wudang.Org",{"to":278,"label":279,"label_zh":280},"\u002Fstart-here","Start Here","從這裡開始",{"to":282,"label":283,"label_zh":284},"\u002Ffind-a-practice","Find a Practice","找到適合你的修習",{"to":286,"label":287,"label_zh":288},"\u002Fteachers","Our Teachers","授課老師",{"data":290},{"all":291,"header":916,"footer":917},[292],{"to":124,"label":125,"label_zh":126,"children":293},[294,508,578,736,786,848,886],{"to":129,"label":130,"label_zh":131,"children":295},[296,300,304,308,312,316,320,324,328,332,336,340,344,348,352,356,360,364,368,372,376,380,384,388,392,396,400,404,408,412,416,420,424,428,432,436,440,444,448,452,456,460,464,468,472,476,480,484,488,492,496,500,504],{"to":297,"label":298,"label_zh":299},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Forigins-spirit-of-chinese-poetry","Origins of Chinese Poetry: Song, Text and Interpretation","中國詩歌的源流：歌唱、文本與闡釋",{"to":301,"label":302,"label_zh":303},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fbook-of-songs-classical-foundations","The Book of Songs: Voices, Performance and Interpretation","《詩經》：聲音、禮樂與闡釋",{"to":305,"label":306,"label_zh":307},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Ftang-poetry-golden-age","Tang Poetry: Forms, Voices and a Lasting Canon","唐詩：體式、聲音與經典的形成",{"to":309,"label":310,"label_zh":311},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Ftaoist-landscape-poetry","Daoist Traditions and Landscape Poetry: Place, Reclusion and Interpretation","道家、道教與山水詩：地方、隱逸與解讀",{"to":313,"label":314,"label_zh":315},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fpoetry-as-cultivation","Poetry as Cultivation at Wudang: Reading, Attention and Writing","武當詩文與自我涵養：閱讀、觀察與寫作",{"to":317,"label":318,"label_zh":319},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fkey-poets-further-reading","Chinese Poetry: Poets, Editions and Reading Paths","中國詩詞閱讀：詩人、版本與入門路徑",{"to":321,"label":322,"label_zh":323},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fhow-to-read-chinese-regulated-verse","How to Read Chinese Regulated Verse: Lines, Rhyme, Tone and Parallelism","怎樣讀中國近體詩：句式、押韻、平仄與對仗",{"to":325,"label":326,"label_zh":327},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fhow-to-read-chinese-ci-lyrics","How to Read Chinese Ci Lyrics: Tune Patterns, Voice and Transmission","怎樣讀中國詞：詞牌、聲音與文本流傳",{"to":329,"label":330,"label_zh":331},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-poetry-anthologies-canon-transmission","How Chinese Poetry Anthologies Shape What We Read","中國詩歌選本怎樣塑造我們的閱讀",{"to":333,"label":334,"label_zh":335},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-thread-bound-books-folding-stitching-reading","Chinese Thread-Bound Books: Folding, Stitching and the Shape of Reading","中國線裝書：摺頁、裝訂與閱讀形態",{"to":337,"label":338,"label_zh":339},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fhow-to-read-chinese-paired-couplets-parallelism-calligraphy-place","How to Read Chinese Paired Couplets: Parallel Lines, Calligraphy and Place","怎樣讀中國對聯：對仗、書法與空間",{"to":341,"label":342,"label_zh":343},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fpoetry-on-chinese-paintings-inscriptions-colophons","Poetry on Chinese Paintings: How to Read Inscriptions and Colophons","中國畫上的詩：怎樣讀題款與題跋",{"to":345,"label":346,"label_zh":347},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-fu-rhapsody-catalogues-courts-expansive-description","Chinese Fu (Rhapsody): Catalogues, Courts and Expansive Description","中國賦：鋪陳、宮廷與展開描寫的藝術",{"to":349,"label":350,"label_zh":351},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fwenxin-diaolong-liu-xie-writing-reading-literary-thought","Wenxin Diaolong: How Liu Xie Thought About Writing and Reading","《文心雕龍》導讀：劉勰怎樣思考寫作與閱讀",{"to":353,"label":354,"label_zh":355},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-shihua-poetry-talks-notes-anecdotes-criticism","Shihua (Poetry Talks): How Chinese Criticism Speaks in Notes and Anecdotes","中國詩話導讀：批評怎樣寫進筆記、軼事與評語",{"to":357,"label":358,"label_zh":359},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-prefaces-afterwords-xu-ba-books-texts-readers","Chinese Prefaces and Afterwords (Xu and Ba): How Books Frame Texts and Readers","中國序跋導讀：書籍怎樣安排文本、作者與讀者",{"to":361,"label":362,"label_zh":363},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-biji-brush-notes-notebooks-miscellanies","Chinese Biji (Brush Notes): How Fragments Become Knowledge and Literature","中國筆記導讀：零散見聞怎樣成為知識與文學",{"to":365,"label":366,"label_zh":367},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-leishu-classified-books-excerpts-knowledge","Chinese Leishu (Classified Books): How Knowledge Was Excerpted and Ordered","中國類書導讀：知識怎樣被摘錄與分類",{"to":369,"label":370,"label_zh":371},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-dictionaries-rhyme-books-erya-shuowen-qieyun-guangyun","Chinese Dictionaries and Rhyme Books: How Characters, Meanings and Sounds Were Ordered","中國字書與韻書導讀：字形、詞義與語音怎樣被編排",{"to":373,"label":374,"label_zh":375},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-primers-sanzijing-baijiaxing-qianziwen-literacy","Chinese Primers and Elementary Literacy: Reading the Three, Hundred and Thousand","中國傳統蒙學讀物導讀：《三字經》《百家姓》《千字文》怎樣教人識字",{"to":377,"label":378,"label_zh":379},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-texts-punctuation-reading-marks-sentence-division-modern-editions","How Chinese Texts Were Punctuated: Reading Marks, Sentence Division and Modern Editions","中國古籍怎樣斷句：句讀、圈點與現代標點",{"to":381,"label":382,"label_zh":383},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-letters-chidu-writing-address-correspondence-calligraphy","Chinese Letters (Chidu): Writing, Address and the Afterlife of Correspondence","中國尺牘導讀：書信格式、稱謂與墨跡流傳",{"to":385,"label":386,"label_zh":387},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-travel-writing-youji-routes-witness-making-place","Chinese Travel Writing (Youji): Routes, Witness and the Making of Place","中國遊記導讀：路線、見聞與地方書寫",{"to":389,"label":390,"label_zh":391},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-individual-collected-works-bieji-authors-editors-transmission","Chinese Individual Collected Works (Bieji): How an Author’s Writings Become a Book","中國別集導讀：一位作者的詩文怎樣成為一部書",{"to":393,"label":394,"label_zh":395},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-guwen-pianwen-ancient-style-parallel-prose-rhythm-argument","Guwen and Pianwen: Two Ways of Shaping Classical Chinese Prose","古文與駢文導讀：中國古典散文的兩種組織方式",{"to":397,"label":398,"label_zh":399},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-eight-legged-essay-baguwen-examination-classics-composition","The Eight-Legged Essay (Baguwen): How an Examination Form Organized Classical Thought","八股文導讀：科舉文章怎樣組織經典義理",{"to":401,"label":402,"label_zh":403},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-examination-compounds-gongyuan-cells-candidate-experience","Chinese Examination Compounds (Gongyuan): How Architecture Shaped the Candidate Experience","中國貢院導讀：考場空間怎樣塑造士子的應試體驗",{"to":405,"label":406,"label_zh":407},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-academies-shuyuan-books-teaching-ritual-landscape","Chinese Academies (Shuyuan): How Books, Teaching and Ritual Made a Scholarly Place","中國書院導讀：書籍、講學與禮儀怎樣構成學術空間",{"to":409,"label":410,"label_zh":411},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-private-libraries-cangshulou-collectors-catalogues-transmission","Chinese Private Libraries (Cangshulou): How Collectors Built Paths for Books to Survive","中國藏書樓導讀：私人收藏怎樣為典籍延續開闢路徑",{"to":413,"label":414,"label_zh":415},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-bookshops-book-markets-publishers-routes-readers","Chinese Bookshops and Book Markets: How Books Became Goods, Routes and Encounters","中國書肆與書市導讀：書籍怎樣成為商品、路線與相遇",{"to":417,"label":418,"label_zh":419},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-illustrated-books-woodblock-images-page-design-reading","Illustrated Chinese Books: How Woodblock Images Shaped the Page","中國古籍插圖導讀：木刻影像怎樣塑造書頁",{"to":421,"label":422,"label_zh":423},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-bibliographies-mulu-catalogues-classification-books-knowledge","Chinese Bibliographies (Mulu): How Catalogues Classified Books and Knowledge","中國目錄學導讀：書目怎樣分類書籍與知識",{"to":425,"label":426,"label_zh":427},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-textual-collation-jiaokan-variant-readings-witnesses-editions","Chinese Textual Collation (Jiaokan): How Scholars Read Variant Texts","中國校勘導讀：怎樣閱讀異文與文本傳本",{"to":429,"label":430,"label_zh":431},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-commentaries-subcommentaries-zhu-jian-shu-layered-reading","Chinese Commentaries and Subcommentaries: How Notes Became Part of the Text","中國註疏導讀：注、箋、疏怎樣層層塑造經典閱讀",{"to":433,"label":434,"label_zh":435},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-book-marginalia-meipi-pangpi-pijiao-reading-history","Marginalia in Chinese Books: How Readers Wrote Back","中國古籍批註導讀：讀者怎樣在書頁上留下閱讀史",{"to":437,"label":438,"label_zh":439},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-book-ownership-seals-cangshuyin-provenance-impressions","Book-Ownership Seals in China: Reading Provenance in Red","中國古籍藏書印導讀：怎樣從朱印追索遞藏",{"to":441,"label":442,"label_zh":443},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-book-paper-fibres-sizing-repairs-dating-evidence","Paper in Chinese Books: Fibres, Sizing, Repairs and the Limits of Dating","中國古籍用紙導讀：纖維、施膠、修補與斷代邊界",{"to":445,"label":446,"label_zh":447},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-book-page-layout-frames-columns-fishtails-centre-fold","Inside the Chinese Book Page: Frames, Columns, Fishtails and the Centre Fold","中國古籍版式導讀：版框、界行、魚尾與版心",{"to":449,"label":450,"label_zh":451},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-book-printers-marks-paiji-kanji-publishing-claims","Printer’s Marks in Chinese Books: Reading Paiji, Kanji and Publishing Claims","中國古籍牌記與刊記導讀：怎樣辨認刊刻、藏版與書坊資訊",{"to":453,"label":454,"label_zh":455},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-movable-type-printing-clay-wood-metal-reuse","Movable Type in Chinese Book History: Clay, Wood, Metal and Reuse","中國古籍活字印刷導讀：泥活字、木活字、金屬活字與複用",{"to":457,"label":458,"label_zh":459},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-woodblock-printing-workflow-writing-carving-inking-impressions","How Chinese Woodblock Printing Worked: Writing, Carving, Inking and Impressions","中國雕版印刷工藝導讀：寫樣、上版、刻版、刷墨與印紙",{"to":461,"label":462,"label_zh":463},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-woodblock-lifecycle-storage-repair-recutting-later-impressions","After the First Printing: How Chinese Woodblocks Were Stored, Repaired and Reused","初印之後：中國雕版的儲藏、遞修、重刻與後印",{"to":465,"label":466,"label_zh":467},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fwho-paid-chinese-book-printing-patronage-profit-donors-funding","Who Paid to Print? Patronage, Profit and Collective Funding in Chinese Book History","誰出資刻書？中國書籍史中的官刻、私資、坊刻與募資",{"to":469,"label":470,"label_zh":471},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fhow-readers-got-books-imperial-china-buying-borrowing-gifts-copying","How Readers Got Books in Imperial China: Buying, Borrowing, Gifting and Copying","古代中國讀者怎樣獲得書籍？購書、借閱、饋贈與抄寫",{"to":473,"label":474,"label_zh":475},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fhow-classical-chinese-poetry-was-heard-recitation-chanting-historical-sound","How Classical Chinese Poetry Was Heard: Recitation, Chanting and Historical Sound","古典詩歌怎樣被聽見？誦讀、吟詠與歷史聲音",{"to":477,"label":478,"label_zh":479},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-poetry-social-exchange-gifts-farewells-replies-rhyme-matching","Poetry as Social Exchange: Gifts, Farewells, Replies and Rhyme-Matching in China","詩歌作為交往：贈答、送別、唱和與次韻",{"to":481,"label":482,"label_zh":483},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-poetry-gatherings-themes-rhyme-lots-linked-composition","How Chinese Poetry Gatherings Worked: Themes, Rhyme Lots and Linked Composition","中國古典詩歌雅集怎樣運作：命題、分韻與聯句",{"to":485,"label":486,"label_zh":487},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-poetry-revision-drafts-variants-editorial-layers","How Chinese Poems Changed: Drafts, Variants and Editorial Layers","中國古典詩歌怎樣改定與流傳：草稿、異文與編輯層次",{"to":489,"label":490,"label_zh":491},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-poetry-attribution-anonymity-disputed-authorship","Who Wrote This Poem? Attribution, Anonymity and Disputed Authorship in Chinese Poetry","這首詩是誰寫的？中國古典詩歌的署名、佚名與作者爭議",{"to":493,"label":494,"label_zh":495},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-poetry-quotation-excerpts-fragments-lost-context","Poems in Pieces: How Quotation and Excerpt Preserved Chinese Poetry","詩句怎樣在引用中流傳？摘引、輯佚與失落語境",{"to":497,"label":498,"label_zh":499},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-wall-poetry-tibishi-public-writing-place-transmission","Poems on the Wall: Public Writing, Place and Survival in China","牆上的詩怎樣流傳？中國題壁詩的公共書寫、地點與傳承",{"to":501,"label":502,"label_zh":503},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-imperial-examination-poetry-shitie-shi-fu-changing-tests","Poetry in the Examination Hall: What Chinese Candidates Were Asked to Compose","科場裡的詩：古代中國考生何時、怎樣作詩",{"to":505,"label":506,"label_zh":507},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-poetry-seasons-calendar-festivals-phenology-literary-time","Reading Seasons in Chinese Poetry: Calendars, Festivals and Literary Time","怎樣讀懂中國詩歌裡的季節？曆法、節日與文學時間",{"to":134,"label":135,"label_zh":136,"children":509},[510,514,518,522,526,530,534,538,542,546,550,554,558,562,566,570,574],{"to":511,"label":512,"label_zh":513},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Forigins-history-of-calligraphy","Origins and History of Chinese Calligraphy","中國書法的源流與歷史",{"to":515,"label":516,"label_zh":517},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fthe-five-script-styles","The Five Script Styles in Chinese Calligraphy","中國書法的五種主要書體",{"to":519,"label":520,"label_zh":521},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fcalligraphy-as-taoist-cultivation","Calligraphy and Taoist Cultivation: Text, Attention and Practice","書法與道家修養：讀懂文字，專注落筆",{"to":523,"label":524,"label_zh":525},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Ffour-treasures-of-the-study","The Four Treasures of the Study: Choosing and Using Calligraphy Materials","文房四寶：認識、選擇與使用筆墨紙硯",{"to":527,"label":528,"label_zh":529},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fbrush-technique-living-line","Chinese Calligraphy Brushwork: Reading and Practising the Living Line","書法筆法：觀察與練習有生氣的線條",{"to":531,"label":532,"label_zh":533},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fgreat-masters-further-reading","Chinese Calligraphy Masters and Reading Paths","中國書法名家與閱讀路徑",{"to":535,"label":536,"label_zh":537},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-seals-and-seal-carving","Chinese Seals and Seal Carving: Script, Surface and Impression","中國印章與篆刻：文字、印面與鈐印",{"to":539,"label":540,"label_zh":541},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-ink-rubbings","Chinese Ink Rubbings: Stone, Paper and the Life of Calligraphy","中國傳拓：石刻、紙墨與書法的流傳",{"to":543,"label":544,"label_zh":545},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-inkstones","Chinese Inkstones: Stone, Carving and the Scholar’s Desk","中國硯臺：石材、雕刻與文房生活",{"to":547,"label":548,"label_zh":549},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-inksticks","Chinese Inksticks: Soot, Moulds and the Scholar’s Desk","中國墨錠：煙料、墨模與文房生活",{"to":551,"label":552,"label_zh":553},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-calligraphy-paper","Chinese Calligraphy Paper: Xuan, Sizing and the Life of a Sheet","中國書畫紙：宣紙、施膠與紙張的一生",{"to":555,"label":556,"label_zh":557},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-calligraphy-brushes","Chinese Calligraphy Brushes: Hair, Handle and the Working Point","中國毛筆：毫料、筆管與筆鋒",{"to":559,"label":560,"label_zh":561},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-brush-rests","Chinese Brush Rests: Mountains, Materials and the Scholar’s Desk","中國筆架：山形、材質與文人書案",{"to":563,"label":564,"label_zh":565},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-water-droppers-scholars-desk","Chinese Water Droppers: Flow, Form and the Scholar’s Desk","中國水滴：控水、造型與文人書案",{"to":567,"label":568,"label_zh":569},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-brush-pots-materials-scholars-desk","Chinese Brush Pots: Function, Material and the Scholar’s Desk","中國筆筒：收納、材質與文人書案",{"to":571,"label":572,"label_zh":573},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-brush-washers-water-form-scholars-desk","Chinese Brush Washers: Water, Form and the Scholar’s Desk","中國筆洗：洗筆、造型與文人書案",{"to":575,"label":576,"label_zh":577},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-paperweights-form-material-scholars-desk","Chinese Paperweights: Form, Material and the Scholar’s Desk","中國鎮紙：形制、材質與文人書案",{"to":139,"label":140,"label_zh":141,"children":579},[580,584,588,592,596,600,604,608,612,616,620,624,628,632,636,640,644,648,652,656,660,664,668,672,676,680,684,688,692,696,700,704,708,712,716,720,724,728,732],{"to":581,"label":582,"label_zh":583},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-meditation-taoist-practice","Tea, Meditation and Taoist Practice","茶、靜坐與道家修習",{"to":585,"label":586,"label_zh":587},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Forigins-history-of-tea-culture","Origins and History of Chinese Tea Culture","中國茶文化的源流與歷史",{"to":589,"label":590,"label_zh":591},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fthe-way-of-tea","The Way of Tea: Attention, Care and Hospitality","茶道：在一杯茶中練習用心與待客",{"to":593,"label":594,"label_zh":595},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftypes-of-tea-and-character","Six Chinese Tea Families: Processing and Taste","六大茶類：從製法到品飲",{"to":597,"label":598,"label_zh":599},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Futensils-and-gongfu-method","Gongfu Tea: Utensils and a Flexible Method","工夫茶：茶具與靈活沖泡法",{"to":601,"label":602,"label_zh":603},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ffurther-reading-and-practice","Learning Chinese Tea: Reading and Practice","學茶入門：閱讀與品飲練習",{"to":605,"label":606,"label_zh":607},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fwater-for-chinese-tea","Water for Chinese Tea: Springs, Minerals and a Practical Tasting Method","中國茶用水：山泉、礦物與實用對比方法",{"to":609,"label":610,"label_zh":611},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fchinese-teaware-clay-glaze-form","Chinese Tea Ware: Clay, Porcelain, Glaze and the Uses of Form","中國茶器：胎土、瓷釉、造型與使用",{"to":613,"label":614,"label_zh":615},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fchinese-tea-caddies","Chinese Tea Caddies: Storage, Materials and the Traveling Leaf","中國茶葉罐：貯藏、材質與流動的茶葉",{"to":617,"label":618,"label_zh":619},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fsong-whisked-tea-powder-bowls-foam","Whisked Tea in Song China: Powder, Bowls and Foam","宋代點茶：茶末、茶盞與湯花",{"to":621,"label":622,"label_zh":623},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fyixing-teapots-clay-form-makers-marks","Yixing Teapots: Clay, Form and Reading the Maker’s Mark","宜興紫砂壺：泥料、器形與款識",{"to":625,"label":626,"label_zh":627},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fcompressed-tea-cakes-bricks-trade-storage-object-reading","Compressed Tea in China: Cakes, Bricks and How to Read Them","中國緊壓茶：茶餅、茶磚與辨讀方法",{"to":629,"label":630,"label_zh":631},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-horse-trade-networks-routes-markets-cultural-exchange","Tea–Horse Trade Networks: Routes, Markets and Cultural Exchange","茶馬貿易網路：路線、市場與文化交流",{"to":633,"label":634,"label_zh":635},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-landscapes-china-gardens-forests-terraces-living-knowledge","Tea Landscapes in China: Gardens, Forests, Terraces and Living Knowledge","中國茶景觀：茶園、古茶林、梯田與活態知識",{"to":637,"label":638,"label_zh":639},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fpicking-tea-china-seasons-bud-leaf-standards-skilled-labour","Picking Tea in China: Seasons, Bud-and-Leaf Standards and Skilled Labour","中國採茶：季節、芽葉標準與勞作技藝",{"to":641,"label":642,"label_zh":643},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fwithering-tea-leaves-water-loss-time-first-transformation","Withering Tea Leaves: Water Loss, Time and the First Transformation","茶葉萎凋：失水、時間與採後初變",{"to":645,"label":646,"label_zh":647},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ffixing-tea-leaves-shaqing-heat-enzymes-turning-point","Fixing Tea Leaves (Shaqing): Heat, Enzymes and a Turning Point in Chinese Tea","茶葉殺青：熱、酶活性與中國製茶的轉折點",{"to":649,"label":650,"label_zh":651},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Frolling-tea-leaves-rounian-pressure-shape-cell-disruption","Rolling Tea Leaves (Rounian): Pressure, Shape and Controlled Cell Disruption","茶葉揉捻：壓力、形態與受控細胞破損",{"to":653,"label":654,"label_zh":655},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fdrying-tea-leaves-moisture-heat-stability-finished-tea","Drying Tea Leaves: Moisture, Heat and the Stability of Finished Tea","茶葉乾燥：水分、熱量與成茶穩定",{"to":657,"label":658,"label_zh":659},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fsorting-grading-tea-leaf-size-shape-grade-meaning","Sorting and Grading Tea: Leaf Size, Shape and What a Grade Really Means","茶葉篩分與分級：葉片大小、形態與等級的真正含義",{"to":661,"label":662,"label_zh":663},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-blending-batch-construction-consistency-style-transparency","Tea Blending and Batch Construction: Consistency, Style and Transparent Labels","茶葉拼配與批次構建：穩定、風格與透明標示",{"to":665,"label":666,"label_zh":667},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-oxidation-post-fermentation-enzymes-microbes-terms","Oxidation and Post-Fermentation in Tea: Enzymes, Microbes and Misleading Labels","茶葉氧化與後發酵：酶、微生物與容易混淆的標籤",{"to":669,"label":670,"label_zh":671},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fyellow-tea-menhuang-moist-heat-time-tea-family","Yellow Tea and Menhuang: Moist Heat, Time and the Making of a Tea Family","黃茶與悶黃：溼熱、時間與一類茶的形成",{"to":673,"label":674,"label_zh":675},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Frefiring-roasting-tea-later-heat-aroma-finished-leaf","Re-Firing and Roasting Tea: Later Heat, Aroma and the Difference from Drying","茶葉復火與焙火：後段加熱、香氣及其與乾燥的區別",{"to":677,"label":678,"label_zh":679},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fjasmine-tea-scenting-flowers-repeated-rounds-aroma-transfer","Jasmine Tea and Scenting: Flowers, Repeated Rounds and How Aroma Enters Tea","茉莉花茶與窨制：鮮花、多次窨香與茶葉如何吸收香氣",{"to":681,"label":682,"label_zh":683},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-sensory-evaluation-appearance-aroma-taste-score-limits","Tea Sensory Evaluation: Appearance, Aroma, Taste and the Limits of a Score","茶葉感官審評：外形、香氣、滋味與分數的邊界",{"to":685,"label":686,"label_zh":687},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fdoucha-song-tea-contests-whisked-tea-jian-bowls-modern-judging","Doucha: Tea Contests in Song China and the Limits of Modern Re-Creation","鬥茶：宋代茶事競賽與現代重現的邊界",{"to":689,"label":690,"label_zh":691},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fbeiyuan-tribute-tea-song-court-labour-imperial-label","Beiyuan Tribute Tea: Song Court Taste, Skilled Labour and the Limits of ‘Imperial Tea’","北苑貢茶：宋代宮廷品味、製茶勞作與“御茶”標籤的邊界",{"to":693,"label":694,"label_zh":695},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Freading-chinese-tea-classics-authorship-editions-recipe-limits","Reading Chinese Tea Classics: Authorship, Editions and the Limits of a ‘Recipe’","如何閱讀中國茶書：作者、版本與“配方”式解讀的邊界",{"to":697,"label":698,"label_zh":699},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-in-chinese-poetry-social-worlds-metaphor-historical-evidence","Tea in Chinese Poetry: Social Worlds, Metaphor and the Limits of Literary Evidence","中國詩歌中的茶：社會交往、詩意表達與文學證據的邊界",{"to":701,"label":702,"label_zh":703},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fchinese-teahouses-commerce-conversation-performance-urban-publics","Chinese Teahouses: Commerce, Conversation, Performance and Changing Urban Publics","中國茶館：商業、交往、表演與變動中的城市公共生活",{"to":705,"label":706,"label_zh":707},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-in-chinese-painting-objects-social-worlds-visual-evidence","Tea in Chinese Painting: Objects, Social Worlds and the Limits of Visual Evidence","中國繪畫中的茶：器物、社會空間與視覺證據的邊界",{"to":709,"label":710,"label_zh":711},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-in-dream-of-the-red-chamber-hospitality-rank-labour-fiction","Tea in Dream of the Red Chamber: Hospitality, Rank, Labour and Fiction","《紅樓夢》中的茶：待客、等級、勞動與小說敘事",{"to":713,"label":714,"label_zh":715},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-in-chinese-travel-writing-roads-hospitality-regional-evidence","Tea in Chinese Travel Writing: Roads, Hospitality and the Limits of an Itinerary","中國遊記中的茶：道路、待客與行程證據的邊界",{"to":717,"label":718,"label_zh":719},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-in-chinese-letters-gifts-visits-friendship-private-writing","Tea in Chinese Letters: Gifts, Visits, Friendship and the Limits of ‘Private’ Writing","中國書信中的茶：饋贈、訪友、人情與“私語”證據的邊界",{"to":721,"label":722,"label_zh":723},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-tax-monopoly-imperial-china-fiscal-records-daily-life","Tea, Tax and Monopoly in Imperial China: Reading Fiscal Records Without Mistaking Revenue for Daily Life","中國曆代茶稅與專賣：財政記錄能告訴我們什麼，又不能告訴我們什麼",{"to":725,"label":726,"label_zh":727},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-chinese-local-gazetteers-place-production-local-knowledge","Tea in Chinese Local Gazetteers: Place, Production and the Limits of Local Knowledge","中國地方誌中的茶：產地、生產與地方知識的邊界",{"to":729,"label":730,"label_zh":731},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-chinese-materia-medica-names-preparations-medical-claims","Tea in Chinese Materia Medica: Names, Preparations and the Limits of Medical Claims","中國本草中的茶：名稱、製法與醫藥記載的邊界",{"to":733,"label":734,"label_zh":735},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-chinese-buddhist-monastic-rules-ceremony-office-origin-stories","Tea in Chinese Buddhist Monastic Rules: Ceremony, Office and the Limits of Origin Stories","中國佛教清規中的茶：禮儀、職事與起源故事的邊界",{"to":144,"label":145,"label_zh":146,"children":737},[738,742,746,750,754,758,762,766,770,774,778,782],{"to":739,"label":740,"label_zh":741},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Forigins-history-of-the-guqin","A History of the Guqin: Objects, Texts and Living Music","古琴的歷史：實物、文獻與傳習",{"to":743,"label":744,"label_zh":745},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Fanatomy-of-the-guqin","How the Guqin Works: Strings, Body and Sound","古琴如何發聲：琴絃、琴身與結構",{"to":747,"label":748,"label_zh":749},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Fplaying-technique-and-notation","Playing the Guqin: Gesture, Notation and Interpretation","古琴怎樣彈、怎樣讀譜：指法、減字譜與詮釋",{"to":751,"label":752,"label_zh":753},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Ffamous-melodies-and-stories","Guqin Melodies: Stories, Versions and Ways to Listen","聽懂古琴名曲：故事、版本與聆聽線索",{"to":755,"label":756,"label_zh":757},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Fguqin-as-taoist-cultivation","Guqin and Daoist Cultivation: Listening, Practice and Limits","古琴與道家修養：聆聽、練習與邊界",{"to":759,"label":760,"label_zh":761},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Ffurther-listening-and-study","Learning the Guqin: Listening, Sources and Finding a Teacher","怎樣學古琴：聆聽、資料與擇師",{"to":763,"label":764,"label_zh":765},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Fguqin-tables-playing-spaces","Guqin Tables and Playing Spaces: Support, Posture and Listening","古琴桌與彈琴空間：承托、坐姿與聆聽",{"to":767,"label":768,"label_zh":769},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Fhow-to-read-guqin-handbook-tablature-editions-dapu","How to Read a Guqin Handbook: Tablature, Editions and Dapu","如何讀古琴譜：減字譜、版本與打譜",{"to":771,"label":772,"label_zh":773},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Freading-guqin-lacquer-layers-crack-patterns-repair","Reading Guqin Lacquer: Layers, Crack Patterns and Repair","讀懂古琴漆面：漆層、斷紋與修繕",{"to":775,"label":776,"label_zh":777},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Freading-guqin-inscriptions-seals-names-dates-provenance","Reading Guqin Inscriptions and Seals: Names, Dates and Provenance","讀懂古琴銘款與印章：琴名、年代與流傳",{"to":779,"label":780,"label_zh":781},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Fguqin-forms-zhongni-banana-leaf-shapes","Guqin Forms: Reading Zhongni, Banana-Leaf and Other 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Painting","山水畫：怎樣讀懂中國山水",{"to":801,"label":802,"label_zh":803},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fbirds-flowers-four-gentlemen","Birds, Flowers and the Four Gentlemen in Chinese Painting","中國畫中的花鳥與四君子",{"to":805,"label":806,"label_zh":807},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fpainting-as-taoist-cultivation","Painting and Taoist Cultivation: Images, Ideas and Practice","繪畫與道家修養：影像、觀念與實踐",{"to":809,"label":810,"label_zh":811},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fgreat-masters-further-study","Chinese Painting Masters: A Guided Path","中國畫名家與進階研習",{"to":813,"label":814,"label_zh":815},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fhow-to-read-chinese-handscroll","How to Read a Chinese Handscroll: Sequence, Colophons and Seals","怎樣觀看中國手卷：展開順序、題跋與印章",{"to":817,"label":818,"label_zh":819},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fchinese-fan-painting","Chinese Fan Painting: Shape, Brushwork and the Art of the Small Format","中國扇面書畫：形制、筆墨與方寸之美",{"to":821,"label":822,"label_zh":823},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fhow-to-read-chinese-painting-album","How to Read a Chinese Painting Album: Leaves, Sequence and Intimate Viewing","如何閱讀中國畫冊頁：開頁、次序與案頭觀看",{"to":825,"label":826,"label_zh":827},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fchinese-scholars-rocks","Chinese Scholars’ Rocks: Stone, Display and Imagined Landscapes","中國文人賞石：石質、陳設與想像山水",{"to":829,"label":830,"label_zh":831},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fhow-to-read-chinese-hanging-scroll","How to Read a Chinese Hanging Scroll: Vertical Space, Mounting and Display","如何閱讀中國立軸：縱向空間、裝裱與陳設",{"to":833,"label":834,"label_zh":835},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fchinese-screens-space-painting","Chinese Screens: Space, Painting and the Art of the Fold","中國屏風：空間、影像與開合之藝",{"to":837,"label":838,"label_zh":839},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fmounting-chinese-painting","Mounting Chinese Painting: Silk Borders, Backing Papers and the Life of a Scroll","中國畫裝裱：綾邊、托紙與卷軸的生命",{"to":841,"label":842,"label_zh":843},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fchinese-portrait-painting-likeness-role-ancestral-memory","Chinese Portrait Painting: Likeness, Role and Ancestral Memory","中國肖像畫：形神、身份與祖先記憶",{"to":845,"label":846,"label_zh":847},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fthree-distances-chinese-landscape-painting","The Three Distances in Chinese Landscape Painting: High, Deep and Level Space","中國山水畫的“三遠”：高遠、深遠與平遠",{"to":154,"label":155,"label_zh":156,"children":849},[850,854,858,862,866,870,874,878,882],{"to":851,"label":852,"label_zh":853},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Forigins-history-of-incense-culture","Origins and History of Chinese Incense Culture","中國香文化的源流與歷史",{"to":855,"label":856,"label_zh":857},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Faromatic-materials-fragrant-woods","Aromatic Materials: Woods, Resins and Responsible Sourcing","香材指南：香木、樹脂與負責任的來源",{"to":859,"label":860,"label_zh":861},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Fforms-and-art-of-appreciation","Incense Forms and the Art of Appreciation","香的形態與品香方法",{"to":863,"label":864,"label_zh":865},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Fincense-in-ritual-and-temple-life","Incense in Daoist Ritual and Temple Life","香在道教科儀與宮觀生活中",{"to":867,"label":868,"label_zh":869},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Fincense-meditation-taoist-practice","Incense, Meditation and Taoist Practice","香、靜坐與道家修習",{"to":871,"label":872,"label_zh":873},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Ffurther-reading-and-practice","Learning Chinese Incense: Reading and Practice","學習中國香文化：閱讀與實踐",{"to":875,"label":876,"label_zh":877},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Fchinese-incense-burners","Chinese Incense Burners: Bronze, Ceramic, Form and Context","中國香爐：青銅、陶瓷、形制與使用語境",{"to":879,"label":880,"label_zh":881},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Fchinese-incense-seals-fragrant-time","Chinese Incense Seals: Ash, Patterns and Fragrant Time","中國香篆：香灰、篆紋與芬芳計時",{"to":883,"label":884,"label_zh":885},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Fchinese-incense-sets-burner-box-vase-tools","Chinese Incense Sets: Burner, Box, Vase and Tools","中國香具三式：爐、盒、瓶與匙箸",{"to":158,"label":159,"label_zh":160,"children":887},[888,892,896,900,904,908,912],{"to":889,"label":890,"label_zh":891},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Forigins-history-of-floral-art","A History of Chinese Flower Arrangement: Vessels, Pictures and Voices","中國插花史：器物、影像與文字中的花事",{"to":893,"label":894,"label_zh":895},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Fprinciples-of-flower-arrangement","Chinese Flower Arrangement: Line, Balance and Ways of Looking","中國插花構圖：線條、平衡與觀看方法",{"to":897,"label":898,"label_zh":899},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Fvessels-tools-and-composition","Choosing Flower Vessels and Tools: Form, Support and Care","選擇花器與工具：形制、支撐和養護",{"to":901,"label":902,"label_zh":903},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Fseasonal-flowers-and-symbolism","Seasonal Flowers and Symbolism: How to Read Context","時令花材與象徵：怎樣結合語境來讀",{"to":905,"label":906,"label_zh":907},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Fflower-arrangement-as-cultivation","Flower Arrangement as Cultivation: Attention, Change and Limits","插花與修養：專注、變化與界限",{"to":909,"label":910,"label_zh":911},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Ffurther-reading-and-practice","Further Reading and Practice: Sources, Museums and a First Month","延伸閱讀與練習：史料、博物館與第一個月",{"to":913,"label":914,"label_zh":915},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Fchinese-flower-baskets-weaving-painting-vessels","Chinese Flower Baskets: Weaving, Painting and the 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It brings together observations of landform, orientation, water, buildings and correlative cosmology. It should not be reduced to decorative rules, nor presented as a scientifically proven way to guarantee health, wealth or relationships.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cem>Classes introduce core vocabulary, the distinction between major approaches and the cultural contexts in which feng shui has been practised. Contemporary applications are discussed critically. Students remain responsible for property, financial and personal decisions and should seek qualified professional advice where those decisions carry material consequences.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>風水形成於不同的流派、典籍與專業傳統，綜合觀察地形、方位、水勢、建築以及陰陽五行等關聯性宇宙觀。它不應被簡化為裝飾規則，也不能被宣傳為保證健康、財富或關係結果的科學方法。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>課程介紹基本術語、主要方法的差別，以及風水在歷史社會中的實踐語境，並以批判態度討論當代應用。涉及房產、財務或其他重大決定時，學員仍應根據事實判斷，並諮詢具備資質的相關專業人士。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Ffeng-shui-learning",[937,938,939,940],"wudang\u002Fevents\u002FYpvXV9T4BG3YVD0NQ150.webp","wudang\u002Fevents\u002FfhZyCVAEQXsL76XmGdVp.webp","wudang\u002Fevents\u002FAt5a8W2EGZ9IhDUbI4f3.avif","wudang\u002Fevents\u002FBKPjfYeMNJ617LWJ7tgv.avif",[942,943,944,945],"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FYpvXV9T4BG3YVD0NQ150.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FfhZyCVAEQXsL76XmGdVp.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FAt5a8W2EGZ9IhDUbI4f3.avif","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FBKPjfYeMNJ617LWJ7tgv.avif",{"en":947,"zh":948},"Feng Shui Classes and Courses","風水課程：方位、形勢與空間觀念入門",{"en":931,"zh":950},"從歷史、環境與文化語境學習風水，理解方位、形勢與空間觀念，同時明確傳統解釋與科學證據的界限。",0,true,"active","2026-07-13T05:17:57.000000Z","2026-09-25T03:51:12.000000Z",{"id":60,"uuid":957,"slug":958,"available_locales":959,"name":960,"description":963,"body":966,"path":969,"images":970,"image_urls":971,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":972,"seo_description":975,"sort_order":951,"is_active":952,"status":953,"created_at":978,"updated_at":955},"c85bf6cc-b84e-4c36-bbd7-9e92b53bbe50","internal-arts-wellness",[924,925,926],{"en":961,"zh":962},"Internal Arts & Wellness","內家功法與養生",{"en":964,"zh":965},"Classes, workshops and retreats in Baduanjin, Taijiquan, qigong and traditional practices for movement, breathing and mindful cultivation.","彙集八段錦、太極拳、氣功及傳統身心修習的課程、工作坊與靜修活動。",{"en":967,"zh":968},"\u003Cp>Explore small-group classes, workshops and retreats introducing Wudang internal arts and traditional wellness practices. Programmes may include Baduanjin, Taijiquan, qigong, standing practice, breathing and their cultural foundations.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Each listing provides its teacher, schedule, experience level and registration arrangements.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>本類別彙集武當內家功法與傳統養生修習的小班課程、工作坊及靜修活動，內容可涵蓋八段錦、太極拳、氣功、站樁、呼吸練習及相關文化基礎。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>每項活動都會註明導師、日期、適合程度與報名方式，方便參加者選擇合適的學習體驗。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Finternal-arts-wellness",[],[],{"en":973,"zh":974},"Internal Arts & Wellness Events","內家功法與養生活動",{"en":976,"zh":977},"Explore Baduanjin, Taijiquan, qigong and traditional wellness classes, workshops and retreats listed by Wudang.Org.","探索八段錦、太極拳、氣功與傳統養生課程、工作坊及靜修活動。","2026-08-16T19:23:45.000000Z",{"id":980,"uuid":981,"slug":982,"available_locales":983,"name":984,"description":987,"body":988,"path":989,"images":990,"image_urls":991,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":992,"seo_description":994,"sort_order":951,"is_active":952,"status":953,"created_at":997,"updated_at":955},10,"884ed965-8c72-49e2-acee-0fc2f7aec70a","face-reading-learning",[924,925,926],{"en":985,"zh":986},"Face Reading Learning","面相課程",[],[],"\u002Fevents\u002Fface-reading-learning",[],[],{"en":993},"Chinese Face Reading Classes and Workshops",{"en":995,"zh":996},"Learn Chinese face reading (面相) as a cultural tradition: its classical framework, history and uses, taught with clear limits on predictive claims.","把面相作為中國傳統文化來學習：認識其經典框架、歷史與用法，並清楚說明傳統詮釋的邊界。","2026-08-30T17:01:43.000000Z",{"id":999,"uuid":1000,"slug":1001,"available_locales":1002,"name":1003,"description":1006,"body":1008,"path":1011,"images":1012,"image_urls":1013,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":1014,"seo_description":1017,"sort_order":38,"is_active":952,"status":953,"created_at":954,"updated_at":955},2,"8792a80b-d0c8-4ef9-9634-5cb91827932b","zi-wei-dou-shu-learning",[924,925,926],{"en":1004,"zh":1005},"Zi Wei Dou Shu Learning","紫微斗數課程",{"en":1007,"zh":3},"Explore Purple Star Astrology as a traditional Chinese interpretive system, approached as cultural knowledge rather than scientific prediction.",{"en":1009,"zh":1010},"\u003Cp>Zi Wei Dou Shu 紫微鬥數 organises birth information through palaces, stars and patterned relationships. The system has a substantial technical vocabulary and several interpretive traditions, but its predictive claims are not established by modern scientific evidence.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Courses explain how charts are structured, how symbols are read and how historical and contemporary practitioners differ. The aim is cultural literacy and disciplined reflection—not certainty about the future. Readings do not replace medical, legal, financial, employment or psychological expertise.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>紫微斗數依據出生資訊，以宮位、星曜和彼此關係組織命盤。它具有複雜的術語與多種解釋傳統，但其預測主張並未得到現代科學證據的確立。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>課程說明命盤結構、符號閱讀方法，以及歷史與當代實踐者之間的差異。學習目的在於文化理解與有紀律的自我反思，而不是獲得關於未來的確定答案。相關解讀不能代替醫療、法律、財務、就業或心理專業意見。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Fzi-wei-dou-shu-learning",[],[],{"en":1015,"zh":1016},"Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology) Classes","紫微斗數課程：命盤、宮位與星曜入門",{"en":1007,"zh":1018},"把紫微斗數作為中國傳統詮釋體系來學習，認識命盤、宮位與星曜，不把它包裝成科學預測。",{"id":247,"uuid":1020,"slug":1021,"available_locales":1022,"name":1023,"description":1026,"body":1027,"path":1028,"images":1029,"image_urls":1030,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":1031,"seo_description":1034,"sort_order":38,"is_active":952,"status":953,"created_at":1037,"updated_at":955},"09958025-4f1d-40e6-ae1c-8b1517ac824e","tea-arts",[924,925,926],{"en":1024,"zh":1025},"Tea Arts","茶藝",[],[],"\u002Fevents\u002Ftea-arts",[],[],{"en":1032,"zh":1033},"Chinese Tea Art Classes and Workshops","茶藝課程與工作坊",{"en":1035,"zh":1036},"Chinese tea art (茶藝) classes and workshops: tea types, brewing methods, tea-table etiquette and the quiet attention of sharing tea.","茶藝課程與工作坊：認識茶類、泡茶方法與茶席禮儀，在一席茶中體會從容與專注。","2026-08-16T17:13:57.000000Z",{"id":242,"uuid":1039,"slug":1040,"available_locales":1041,"name":1042,"description":1045,"body":1047,"path":1050,"images":1051,"image_urls":1052,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":1053,"seo_description":1056,"sort_order":999,"is_active":952,"status":953,"created_at":954,"updated_at":955},"e52a261e-348a-4b8a-bd51-43f4e6b1d861","ba-zi-learning",[924,925,926],{"en":1043,"zh":1044},"Ba Zi Learning","八字課程",{"en":1046,"zh":3},"Study the Four Pillars as a traditional system of stems, branches and five-phase correspondence, with history and limitations made explicit.",{"en":1048,"zh":1049},"\u003Cp>Ba Zi 八字 interprets year, month, day and hour through the heavenly stems, earthly branches, yin-yang and five-phase relationships. It is an influential part of Chinese metaphysical culture, not an observational science in the modern empirical sense.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Classes introduce chart structure, terminology and common interpretive methods while distinguishing tradition from evidence. Students are encouraged to treat readings as prompts for reflection and never as guarantees, diagnoses or substitutes for professional advice.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>八字以年、月、日、時四柱為框架，通過天干、地支、陰陽與五行關係進行解釋。它是中國術數文化中影響深遠的傳統體系，並非現代經驗科學。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>課程介紹命盤結構、基本術語和常見詮釋方法，同時說明傳統觀點與科學證據的差別。學員可把解讀作為反思的線索，但不應把它當作保證、診斷，或任何專業意見的替代品。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Fba-zi-learning",[],[],{"en":1054,"zh":1055},"BaZi (Four Pillars) Classes and Courses","八字課程：四柱、天干地支與五行入門",{"en":1046,"zh":1057},"學習四柱中的天干、地支與五行關係，理解其歷史與方法，也清楚區分傳統詮釋和現代實證知識。",{"id":69,"uuid":1059,"slug":1060,"available_locales":1061,"name":1062,"description":1065,"body":1066,"path":1067,"images":1068,"image_urls":1069,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":1070,"seo_description":1073,"sort_order":999,"is_active":952,"status":953,"created_at":1037,"updated_at":955},"76718b8e-3137-42fc-a257-c9e318b3e364","incense-culture",[924,925,926],{"en":1063,"zh":1064},"Incense Culture","香文化",[],[],"\u002Fevents\u002Fincense-culture",[],[],{"en":1071,"zh":1072},"Chinese Incense Culture Workshops","香文化活動與工作坊",{"en":1074,"zh":1075},"Workshops on Chinese incense culture (香文化): aromatic materials, traditional ways of preparing and appreciating incense, and incense as calm attention.","香文化活動與工作坊：認識香材、傳統制香與品香方式，在一爐香中練習安靜與專注。",{"id":1077,"uuid":1078,"slug":1079,"available_locales":1080,"name":1081,"description":1084,"body":1087,"path":1090,"images":1091,"image_urls":1092,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":1093,"seo_description":1095,"sort_order":999,"is_active":952,"status":953,"created_at":1096,"updated_at":955},11,"c39cc557-40eb-4266-9736-7fb84891d407","i-ching-learning",[924,925,926],{"en":1082,"zh":1083},"I Ching Learning","易經課程",{"en":1085,"zh":1086},"Explore the I Ching through its hexagrams, traditional interpretive methods and historical context, with scope and limitations made explicit.","通過卦象、傳統解讀方法與歷史語境認識《易經》，並清楚說明其適用範圍與侷限。",{"en":1088,"zh":1089},"\u003Cp>The I Ching 易經 is a classical Chinese text centred on sixty-four hexagrams and a long history of commentary and divination. It has shaped Chinese philosophy, cosmology and metaphysical practice, but its divinatory claims are not established as modern empirical science.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Classes introduce structures, terminology and traditional methods such as Liu Yao while distinguishing cultural study from evidence. Readings should be treated as prompts for reflection, not guarantees, diagnoses or substitutes for professional advice.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>《易經》是一部以六十四卦為核心的中國經典，形成了悠久的註疏與占筮傳統，並深刻影響中國哲學、宇宙觀與術數文化；其占筮主張並非現代經驗科學所證實。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>課程介紹基本結構、術語和六爻等傳統方法，同時區分文化學習與科學證據。解讀宜作為反思線索，不應視為保證、診斷或任何專業意見的替代品。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Fi-ching-learning",[],[],{"en":1094,"zh":1083},"I Ching Classes and Courses",{"en":1085,"zh":1086},"2026-09-08T00:15:35.000000Z",{"id":21,"uuid":1098,"slug":1099,"available_locales":1100,"name":1101,"description":1104,"body":1107,"path":1110,"images":1111,"image_urls":1112,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":1113,"seo_description":1116,"sort_order":242,"is_active":952,"status":953,"created_at":1119,"updated_at":955},"ee2330c6-5a3e-4ac2-a2d1-1a0dc110c58c","traditional-arts-crafts",[924,925,926],{"en":1102,"zh":1103},"Traditional Arts & Crafts","傳統藝術與手作",{"en":1105,"zh":1106},"Hands-on workshops exploring Chinese handicrafts and decorative arts through guided making and cultural appreciation.","通過親手製作與文化欣賞，體驗中國傳統手作及裝飾藝術。",{"en":1108,"zh":1109},"\u003Cp>Discover practical workshops in Chinese decorative arts and handcraft traditions. Activities may include gold-leaf painting, cloisonné enamel, mother-of-pearl work, Song brocade and other guided projects.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>These welcoming sessions introduce materials, techniques and cultural context while allowing participants to complete a piece of their own.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>本類別彙集中國傳統裝飾藝術與手作體驗，內容可涵蓋金箔畫、掐絲琺琅、螺鈿工藝、宋錦及其他創作專案。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>課程以輕鬆易懂的方式介紹材料、技法與文化背景，讓參加者在導師帶領下完成屬於自己的作品。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Ftraditional-arts-crafts",[],[],{"en":1114,"zh":1115},"Traditional Arts & Crafts Events","傳統藝術與手作活動",{"en":1117,"zh":1118},"Explore Chinese handicraft and decorative arts workshops, including gold-leaf, cloisonné, mother-of-pearl and brocade.","探索金箔畫、掐絲琺琅、螺鈿、宋錦等中國傳統手作及裝飾藝術體驗。","2026-08-16T19:24:04.000000Z",{"id":212,"uuid":1121,"slug":1122,"available_locales":1123,"name":1124,"description":1127,"body":1130,"path":1133,"images":1134,"image_urls":1135,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":1136,"seo_description":1138,"sort_order":247,"is_active":952,"status":953,"created_at":1141,"updated_at":955},"824f78c1-1181-4983-bae5-77e7cdbbbc1d","wudang-community",[924,925,926],{"en":1125,"zh":1126},"Wudang Community","武當社群活動",{"en":1128,"zh":1129},"Talks, broadcasts and community gatherings connecting people with Wudang culture, learning and living practice.","通過講座、直播與社群聚會，連線武當文化、學習與日常實踐。",{"en":1131,"zh":1132},"\u003Cp>Wudang Community brings together public talks, livestreams, gatherings and shared cultural activities connected with Wudang.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>These programmes create welcoming ways to meet practitioners, explore ideas and participate in a growing community of learning and practice.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>武當社群活動彙集與武當文化相關的公開講座、直播、聚會及共享文化體驗。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>這些活動以友善開放的方式連線練習者與學習者，讓大家交流心得、認識傳統，並共同參與持續發展的文化社群。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Fwudang-community",[],[],{"en":1137,"zh":1126},"Wudang Community Events",{"en":1139,"zh":1140},"Discover Wudang community talks, broadcasts and gatherings connecting people with culture, learning and living practice.","探索連線武當文化、學習與日常實踐的講座、直播及社群聚會。","2026-08-16T19:24:18.000000Z",{"id":16,"uuid":1143,"slug":1144,"available_locales":1145,"name":1146,"description":1149,"body":1150,"path":1151,"images":1152,"image_urls":1153,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":1154,"seo_description":1157,"sort_order":69,"is_active":952,"status":953,"created_at":1160,"updated_at":955},"25641c0b-8e5a-46d7-9b18-95c344015f97","wudang-journeys-retreats",[924,925,926],{"en":1147,"zh":1148},"Wudang Journeys & Retreats","武當旅修與行程",[],[],"\u002Fevents\u002Fwudang-journeys-retreats",[],[],{"en":1155,"zh":1156},"Wudang Mountain Retreats and Guided Journeys","武當山旅修與靜修行程",{"en":1158,"zh":1159},"Guided journeys and retreats to Wudang Mountain that combine practice, temple visits and cultural learning, with itineraries and expectations set out clearly.","前往武當山的旅修與靜修：結合修習、宮觀參訪與文化學習，提前說明行程安排與參加須知。","2026-08-18T11:09:38.000000Z",{"data":1162},{"hero_type":1163,"hero_image":1164,"hero_image_alt":1165,"hero_youtube_id":1166,"hero_content_on":952,"hero_heading":1167,"hero_subheading":1168,"hero_text":1169,"hero_subheading_zh":1170,"hero_text_zh":1171,"hero_buttons":1172,"home_seo":1178,"page_layout":1184,"shop_enabled":1185,"contact":1186,"journey":1202},"image","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fsite\u002Fwudanghomepagehero.webp","Wudang mountain temple in mist","VgirFbjpiy4","武當文化，道在日常\nWudang Culture, Practised with Purpose","A place for learning. A home for living culture.","Explore Taoist thought, internal arts, literati traditions and Wudang Mountain through grounded learning in Singapore and beyond.","這裡既是學習之地，也是讓文化融入日常的所在。","從道家思想、內家武術、文人雅藝與武當山出發，以清晰、踏實的方式，在新加坡及世界各地認識和體驗武當文化。",[1173,1175],{"label":1174,"link":278},"Start Your Wudang Journey",{"label":1176,"link":1177},"View Events & Courses","\u002Fevents",{"title":1179,"description":1181},{"en":1180,"zh":3},"Wudang Mountain: Tai Chi, Qigong & Taoist Culture",{"en":1182,"zh":1183},"Explore Wudang Mountain through Tai Chi, Qigong, Daoist philosophy, martial arts, traditional arts, wellness, culture and everyday life in Wudang.","從太極、氣功、道家思想、武術、傳統雅藝與養生文化認識武當山，探索武當文化及武當山的日常生活。","sidebar",false,{"methods":1187,"has_any":952,"text":1195},{"email":1188,"whatsapp":1189,"wechat_id":1190,"wechat_qr_url":1191,"instagram":1192,"instagram_handle":1193,"facebook":1194,"facebook_handle":1193},"hello@wudang.org","+6588169599","Cldjcll0305","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fcontact\u002Fkcs9Z5IEY7CugW2mEYA8.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.instagram.com\u002Fleewudang.sg","@leewudang.sg","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fleewudang.sg\u002F",{"china_heading_en":1196,"china_heading_zh":1197,"china_company_en":1198,"china_company_zh":1199,"china_address_en":1200,"china_address_zh":1201},"China Operations","中國運營","Xunwei Wudang Co., Ltd.","尋味武當有限公司","No. 72 Jianhe 2nd Road, Wangjiayuan, Wudang Mountain, Shiyan, Hubei, China","湖北省十堰市武當山王家園劍河二路72號",{"title_en":3,"title_zh":3,"intro_en":3,"intro_zh":3,"enabled":952},{"data":1204},{"to":493,"type":1205,"available_locales":1206,"is_content_page":952,"title":1207,"subtitle":1208,"body":1211,"hero_image_url":1214,"hero_width":1215,"hero_height":1216,"hero_image_alt":1217,"hero_image_decorative":1185,"hero_credit":1220,"hero_alt":1227,"hero_style":1228,"card_layout":1229,"link_type":3,"link_ref":3,"seo_title":1230,"seo_description":1233,"children":1236},"page",[924,925,926],{"en":494,"zh":495},{"en":1209,"zh":1210},"A source-led guide to poetic fragments in histories, commentaries, classified books and later reconstructions—and to what an excerpt cannot prove.","從史書、註釋、類書到後世輯佚，說明詩歌殘句怎樣被儲存，以及摘引不能單獨證明什麼。",{"en":1212,"zh":1213},"\u003Ch2>A quotation is a witness, not the whole poem\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch3>Survival can be only a line long\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>Much Chinese poetry survives in complete-looking anthologies or collected works, but other poems reach us only as a line, a couplet, or a title embedded in another book. Martin Kern’s study of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cambridge.org\u002Fcore\u002Fjournals\u002Fearly-china\u002Farticle\u002Fxi-shuai-cricket-and-its-consequences-issues-in-early-chinese-poetry-and-textual-studies\u002F72AB72BACB8D29953E9EF7296D9010A1\u002Fshare\u002Ff7630717a740ca935209b625872ae7589740e837\">early quotation and the poem ‘Xi shuai’\u003C\u002Fa> stresses that early received texts rarely quote complete poems and often repeat especially memorable lines. A quotation can therefore be old and important without preserving the poem’s original extent, order, occasion or wording.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>The first question is what the host text needed\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>Histories may cite verse as evidence, philosophical works may use it as an authoritative saying, and commentators may quote it to gloss a word. Each host has its own purpose. Before treating the excerpt as a miniature edition, ask who quotes it, what argument surrounds it, whether the title or author is explicit, and where the quoted words begin and end. The guide to \u003Ca href=\"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-commentaries-subcommentaries-zhu-jian-shu-layered-reading\">Chinese commentaries and subcommentaries\u003C\u002Fa> helps keep the quoting layer distinct from the older text it explains.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>Where fragments travel\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch3>Histories, notebooks and commentaries preserve different contexts\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>A historical biography may attach a verse to an event; a commentary may preserve only the phrase needed for an annotation; a miscellany may remember a story and a few lines together. The page on \u003Ca href=\"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-biji-brush-notes-notebooks-miscellanies\">Chinese brush notes and miscellanies\u003C\u002Fa> explains why short-form collections are valuable but heterogeneous. Their excerpts should be cited with the surrounding entry, not detached as though every source performed the same archival task.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>Institutions of reading made quotation durable\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>The Oxford Handbook’s account of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Facademic.oup.com\u002Fedited-volume\u002F28107\u002Fchapter\u002F514165895\">institutions of literary culture\u003C\u002Fa> describes commentaries and reference works as active settings of literary preservation. Li Shan’s commentary to the \u003Cem>Wen xuan\u003C\u002Fem>, for example, draws on a wide range of earlier writing. Such a quotation may be the best surviving trace of a lost work, yet it remains evidence selected for a later reader’s immediate need.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>Classified books preserve by rearranging\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch3>A \u003Cem>leishu\u003C\u002Fem> breaks books into reusable units\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>Chinese classified books group excerpts under subjects, phrases or categories so that readers can retrieve information without consulting every source in full. The survey of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Facademic.oup.com\u002Fedited-volume\u002F28107\u002Fchapter-abstract\u002F212218611\">encyclopedias and epitomes in literary learning\u003C\u002Fa> distinguishes excerpt compilation from works that summarize or paraphrase. Both can transmit lost material, but neither promises to reproduce the source’s original sequence or complete argument.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>Classification creates a new neighborhood\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>Once a poetic line is placed beside other passages on seasons, birds, mountains or ritual, its new neighbors shape how it is read. The quotation may preserve a source title or author, or only a short label. The guide to \u003Ca href=\"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-leishu-classified-books-excerpts-knowledge\">Chinese \u003Cem>leishu\u003C\u002Fem> and excerpt culture\u003C\u002Fa> covers these compilations as a knowledge system; here the narrower issue is how their selection and headings affect the reconstruction of poetry.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>Signature lines can outlive poem boundaries\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch3>Memorable lines attract repeated quotation\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>Frequently quoted lines may become representative of a poem or author, while quieter passages disappear. Repetition proves that a phrase circulated; it does not by itself show that every later source copied a complete poem, or that all witnesses had the same boundaries. Stephen Owen’s \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.harvard.edu\u002Ffiles\u002Fsowen\u002Ffiles\u002Fowen_stephen_the_making_of_early_classical_poetry.pdf\">study of the making of early classical Chinese poetry\u003C\u002Fa> shows why titles, groupings and textual identities in early poetry must be treated as historical formations rather than timeless containers.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>A match can connect units of unequal size\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>One source may present four lines as a whole poem, another embed two of them in a longer piece, and a third cite a single phrase without a title. Editors must record these different units before deciding how they relate. The page on \u003Ca href=\"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-textual-collation-jiaokan-variant-readings-witnesses-editions\">Chinese textual collation\u003C\u002Fa> explains how to compare wording across witnesses; it does not authorize silently expanding a short quotation into the full shape of a later text.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cfigure>\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fpages\u002Fa7QpcfBY6SMww8O6q9rC.webp\" alt=\"Cool celadon conceptual research scene with an anonymous reader comparing blank slips and a blank page on a light table\" loading=\"lazy\">\u003Cfigcaption>AI-generated conceptual image about comparing excerpt witnesses. It does not document a real person, manuscript, poem, archive, institution, place or event.\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\u003Ch2>Titles, bylines and contexts can shift independently\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch3>A quotation label is evidence of description\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>A source may introduce a passage as ‘an old poem’, name a writer, cite a collection, or give no label at all. Those differences matter. A title or byline attached to a quotation may preserve early information, but it can also reflect the quoting book’s own classification. The guide to \u003Ca href=\"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-poetry-attribution-anonymity-disputed-authorship\">attribution, anonymity and disputed authorship\u003C\u002Fa> sets out how to report such claims without turning a received label into automatic proof.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>Lost context limits historical storytelling\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>A line cited beside a biography may look like a record of the person’s speech, yet the host text may be illustrating character, supplying a moral example or repeating an older anecdote. When the original work is lost, we cannot assume that the later narrative preserves its first occasion. Responsible wording says what the surviving source does, then marks any inference about speaker, date or event as an inference.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>Reconstruction is documented assembly\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch3>\u003Cem>Jiyi\u003C\u002Fem> gathers dispersed remains\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>Scholars and editors have long collected quotations of lost books from encyclopedias, commentaries, histories and anthologies. Glen Dudbridge’s discussion of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Facademic.oup.com\u002Fedited-volume\u002F28107\u002Fchapter-abstract\u002F212219109\">libraries, catalogues and lost writings\u003C\u002Fa> warns that surviving literature often reaches us through edited collections that compromise original integrity. A reconstruction is most useful when every fragment names its witness, location, wording and degree of uncertainty.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>A recovered dossier is not silently a recovered book\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>Fragments may overlap, contradict one another or derive from the same intermediate source. Their order may be unknown; a heading can be editorial; a supposed gap may never have belonged to a single poem. The history of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Facademic.oup.com\u002Fedited-volume\u002F28107\u002Fchapter\u002F514166763\">collecting, editing and transmitting Chinese literature\u003C\u002Fa> includes later attempts to rebuild lost works from encyclopedias and anthologies—and the risk of interpolation. A responsible edition makes the scaffolding visible.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>A named case shows both value and limits\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch3>Li Qingzhao’s lost collections survive through later gathering\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>The Library of Congress study of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftile.loc.gov\u002Fstorage-services\u002Fmaster\u002Fgdc\u002Fgdcebookspublic\u002F20\u002F20\u002F71\u002F92\u002F01\u002F2020719201\u002F2020719201.pdf\">Li Qingzhao’s writings and editions\u003C\u002Fa> notes that her literary and \u003Cem>ci\u003C\u002Fem> collections were lost and that surviving works were gathered through quotations, anthologies and later compilations. This does not make the recovered poems unreal; it makes their documentary paths part of what an edition must explain.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>A collected corpus has more than one historical layer\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>An author’s modern collected works may combine pieces preserved in early witnesses, later anthologies, quotations and scholarly recovery. The page on \u003Ca href=\"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-individual-collected-works-bieji-authors-editors-transmission\">Chinese individual collected works\u003C\u002Fa> explains how authorial, family and later editorial activity differ. Readers should ask not only ‘is this poem in the collection?’ but ‘through which source did this item enter it?’\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>Use an evidence ladder, including digital tools\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch3>Parallel-text search finds candidates, not conclusions\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>Computational comparison can locate repeated strings across large corpora. The study of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Facademic.oup.com\u002Fdsh\u002Farticle\u002F33\u002F3\u002F670\u002F4583485?guestAccessKey=ccbd22a7-0436-469e-9476-9ecc4077bff6\">unsupervised text-reuse detection in early Chinese literature\u003C\u002Fa> shows its promise for finding quotations and parallels, including material in classified books. But a match does not by itself establish direction of borrowing, a common lost source, poem boundaries or authorship. Orthographic variation, formulaic language and editorial normalization still require philological judgment.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>Record the witness before completing the poem\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>For each excerpt, note the host work, passage, date range, label, quoted boundaries, variants and relation to other witnesses. Consult \u003Ca href=\"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-poetry-anthologies-canon-transmission\">anthologies\u003C\u002Fa> for selection history and \u003Ca href=\"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-bibliographies-mulu-catalogues-classification-books-knowledge\">traditional bibliographies\u003C\u002Fa> for what catalogues say once existed. Then use language that matches the evidence: ‘quoted as’, ‘preserved in’, ‘reconstructed from’, or ‘possibly from’—never an unmarked completion of what the source no longer supplies.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Ch2>引文是一個見證，不等於整首詩\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch3>有些作品只以一句的長度存活\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>中國詩歌常以看似完整的總集、別集傳世，但也有作品只剩嵌在別書中的一句、一聯或篇題。所謂“殘篇”有時是實物破損，有時只是後書選擇性摘錄；兩者成因不同，不能混稱。柯馬丁關於\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.cambridge.org\u002Fcore\u002Fjournals\u002Fearly-china\u002Farticle\u002Fxi-shuai-cricket-and-its-consequences-issues-in-early-chinese-poetry-and-textual-studies\u002F72AB72BACB8D29953E9EF7296D9010A1\u002Fshare\u002Ff7630717a740ca935209b625872ae7589740e837\">早期引詩與《蟋蟀》\u003C\u002Fa>的研究指出，早期傳世文獻很少整篇引詩，反覆出現的往往是特別醒目的句子。因此，引文可以年代早而且極有價值，卻沒有儲存原詩的全部篇幅、次序、場合或字句。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>首先應問宿主文獻為什麼需要這句詩\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>史書可能以詩句作證，思想文獻可能把它當成權威古語，注家則可能只為解釋一個字而引詩。每種宿主文獻都有自身目的，也會按自己的篇幅與讀者刪節材料。把摘句當作微型定本以前，應先確認誰在引、上下文要論證什麼、篇題或作者是否明言，以及引文從哪裡開始、在哪裡結束；引號、曰字或註文層次若由現代標點補出，也應回看原版式。本站的\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fzh\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-commentaries-subcommentaries-zhu-jian-shu-layered-reading\">中國註疏導讀\u003C\u002Fa>有助於把引用層同被解釋的舊文本分開。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>殘句在哪裡流動\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch3>史書、筆記與註釋儲存不同語境\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>人物傳記可能把詩句繫於一件事，註釋可能只儲存訓釋所需的短語，雜記則可能把軼事與數句詩一起記下。本站的\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fzh\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-biji-brush-notes-notebooks-miscellanies\">中國筆記與雜記導讀\u003C\u002Fa>說明短篇彙編為何珍貴而又駁雜。引用這些摘句時，應連同所在條目與上下文一起說明，不能假定所有來源都在執行同一種存檔任務。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>閱讀制度讓引文持續可見\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>《牛津中國古典文學手冊》關於\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Facademic.oup.com\u002Fedited-volume\u002F28107\u002Fchapter\u002F514165895\">文學文化制度\u003C\u002Fa>的研究，把註釋與工具書視為文學儲存的主動場域。例如李善注《文選》廣引前代文獻，其中某條引文可能是佚書最好的傳世痕跡；但它仍然是為後世讀者眼前需要而選取的證據。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>類書在重排中儲存\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch3>類書把整部書拆成可檢索的單元\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>中國類書按照事類、詞語或主題匯聚摘文，使讀者不必逐部翻檢原書。《牛津手冊》關於\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Facademic.oup.com\u002Fedited-volume\u002F28107\u002Fchapter-abstract\u002F212218611\">類書、節本與文學學習\u003C\u002Fa>的綜述，區分了摘錄原文的彙編和概括、改寫原書的節本。兩者都可能傳下佚文，卻都不保證儲存原書的先後次序或完整論證。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>分類為詩句創造新的鄰居\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>當詩句被放到歲時、鳥獸、山水或禮制等門類中，它身旁的新材料會改變閱讀方式。摘文可能保留書名、作者，也可能只剩短短的引題；同一句在不同門類重複出現，也未必代表獨立傳本，可能只是同一部類書內部的再利用。本站的\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fzh\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-leishu-classified-books-excerpts-knowledge\">中國類書與摘錄文化導讀\u003C\u002Fa>討論類書作為知識系統；本文只聚焦一個較窄的問題：它的取捨與欄目怎樣影響詩歌的復原。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>名句可能比篇界活得更久\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch3>醒目的句子更容易被反覆摘引\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>常被引用的句子可能逐漸代表一首詩或一位作者，其他段落卻消失了。重複出現能證明某個短語流傳過，卻不能自動證明每個後出來源都見到完整原詩，或各家篇界相同。宇文所安關於\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fscholar.harvard.edu\u002Ffiles\u002Fsowen\u002Ffiles\u002Fowen_stephen_the_making_of_early_classical_poetry.pdf\">早期中國古典詩歌形成\u003C\u002Fa>的研究說明，早期詩歌的題目、分組與文本身份都是歷史形成的，不能當作永恆不變的容器。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>相同字句可以連線大小不等的文本單元\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>一種來源可能把四句當作整篇，另一種把其中兩句納入長篇，第三種只引一個短語而不題篇名。編輯者應先記錄這些不同單元，再判斷它們的關係。本站的\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fzh\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-textual-collation-jiaokan-variant-readings-witnesses-editions\">中國校勘導讀\u003C\u002Fa>說明怎樣比較傳本異文，卻不允許把短引文無聲地擴寫成後世完整文本的形狀。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cfigure>\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fpages\u002Fa7QpcfBY6SMww8O6q9rC.webp\" alt=\"冷青色概念研究場景：一位不具名讀者在燈臺上比較空白狹條與空白紙頁\" loading=\"lazy\">\u003Cfigcaption>AI 生成的摘引見證比較概念圖；並非真實人物、寫本、詩稿、檔案館、機構、地點或事件記錄。\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\u003Ch2>篇題、署名與語境可以各自變化\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch3>引文前的標籤是來源怎樣描述文本的證據\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>一部書可能把某段稱為“古詩”，可能寫出作者或書名，也可能完全不標。這些差異都應保留。引文所帶的題目或署名可能儲存早期資訊，也可能反映宿主文獻自己的分類。本站關於\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fzh\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-poetry-attribution-anonymity-disputed-authorship\">署名、佚名與作者爭議\u003C\u002Fa>的文章說明怎樣報告這些主張，而不把傳承標籤自動變成歷史定論。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>語境亡佚限制了歷史敘事\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>傳記旁的一句詩看起來像當事人親口所作，但宿主文獻也可能借它描繪人物、樹立倫理範例，或轉述舊軼事。原書既佚，我們就不能假定後出的故事仍保留第一次寫作場合。穩妥的表述先說現存來源實際做了什麼，再把有關說話者、年代或事件的判斷明確標為推論。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>輯佚是有記錄的組合工作\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch3>輯佚從分散文獻中搜集遺文\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>歷代學者從類書、註釋、史書與總集裡蒐集佚書引文。Dudbridge 關於\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Facademic.oup.com\u002Fedited-volume\u002F28107\u002Fchapter-abstract\u002F212219109\">藏書、目錄與佚書\u003C\u002Fa>的論述提醒我們：許多傳世文學依賴後出編輯彙集，原貌難免受損。最有用的輯本會為每條殘文寫清見證來源、位置、字句與不確定程度。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>恢復一組材料，不等於無聲恢復一部原書\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>殘文可能重疊、互相矛盾，或共同來自同一中間來源；次序可能無從得知，標題可能由輯佚者補加，所謂缺口也未必原屬同一首詩。輯者若依押韻、主題或後出全篇排列殘句，應把這種次序標作復原方案，而不是讓版面製造原有次序的錯覺。關於\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Facademic.oup.com\u002Fedited-volume\u002F28107\u002Fchapter\u002F514166763\">中國文學的收藏、編輯與傳遞\u003C\u002Fa>的研究討論了明代以後從類書、總集重構佚作的實踐，也指出插入與誤補的風險。可靠輯本應讓支架清楚可見。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>一個著名個案同時顯示價值與邊界\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch3>李清照的佚集依靠後世蒐集留下輪廓\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>美國國會圖書館關於\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Ftile.loc.gov\u002Fstorage-services\u002Fmaster\u002Fgdc\u002Fgdcebookspublic\u002F20\u002F20\u002F71\u002F92\u002F01\u002F2020719201\u002F2020719201.pdf\">李清照作品與版本\u003C\u002Fa>的研究指出，她的文集與詞集已經散佚，現存作品經由引文、選本與後世彙編重新聚集。這不使復得的詩詞變得虛假，卻使每篇的文獻路徑成為版本必須交代的一部分。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>一部現代作者全集可能包含多重歷史層次\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>今本作者集可能合併早期傳本、後出總集、零星引文與學者輯佚所得。本站的\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fzh\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-individual-collected-works-bieji-authors-editors-transmission\">中國別集導讀\u003C\u002Fa>區分作者自編、家屬整理與後世編輯。讀者不只應問“這首詩是否收入全集”，還應問“它通過哪一種來源進入全集”。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>建立證據階梯，也善用數字工具\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch3>平行文本檢索發現候選，不代替結論\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>計算方法能夠在大規模語料中定位重複字串。關於\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Facademic.oup.com\u002Fdsh\u002Farticle\u002F33\u002F3\u002F670\u002F4583485?guestAccessKey=ccbd22a7-0436-469e-9476-9ecc4077bff6\">早期中國文獻文本複用自動識別\u003C\u002Fa>的研究顯示，它可以發現引文、類文與類書材料。但字句相合本身不能判定誰引誰、是否共有一部亡佚來源，也不能證明篇界或作者。異體字、套語與編輯規範化仍需文獻學判斷。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>先記錄見證，再談補成整詩\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>每條摘文都應記錄宿主文獻、篇章位置、年代範圍、引題、引用邊界、異文及同其他來源的關係；還要說明現存版本是否晚出、是否可能轉引，以及哪幾條所謂見證其實彼此依存。再參看\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fzh\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-poetry-anthologies-canon-transmission\">總集與選本\u003C\u002Fa>的編選史，以及\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fzh\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-bibliographies-mulu-catalogues-classification-books-knowledge\">傳統目錄學\u003C\u002Fa>對曾存書籍的著錄。最後讓措辭服從證據：可以說“某書引作”“保存於”“據若干引文輯得”或“可能出自”，但不要把來源沒有留下的部分無標記補全。\u003C\u002Fp>","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fpages\u002FFmByr10ss2lJNNmnxlUk.webp",1672,941,{"en":1218,"zh":1219},"Warm conceptual photograph of blank paper fragments displayed in a fictional conservation gallery","暖色概念照片：虛構文獻保護展廳中陳列著數張不帶文字的紙質殘片",{"caption":1221,"creator":1222,"source_url":1223,"license_label":1224,"license_url":1225,"changes":1226},"AI 生成的虛構文獻保護陳列；並非真實寫本、詩稿、文集、檔案館、機構、地點或歷史事件。","OpenAI","https:\u002F\u002Fopenai.com\u002F","AI-generated image","https:\u002F\u002Fopenai.com\u002Fpolicies\u002Fterms-of-use\u002F","為本文獨立生成，並轉換為 WebP；未與其他影像合成。",{"en":1218,"zh":1219},"banner","list",{"en":1231,"zh":1232},"Chinese Poetry in Quotations: Fragments and Lost Contexts","中國詩歌的引文與殘篇：摘引、輯佚和失落語境",{"en":1234,"zh":1235},"How quotations, classified books and reconstructions preserve Chinese poetry—and how to judge fragments, shifted boundaries and lost contexts responsibly.","介紹引文、類書與輯佚怎樣儲存中國詩歌，並說明如何謹慎判斷殘句、篇界變化與失落語境。",[],{"data":1238},[1239,1315,1417,1508],{"id":1240,"slug":1241,"available_locales":1242,"path":1243,"title":1244,"venue":1247,"hero_image_url":3,"card_image_url":1250,"card_landscape_url":1251,"lifecycle":1252,"session_mode":1253,"sessions":1254,"next_session":1314},15601,"liu-yao-beginner-course",[924,925,926],"\u002Fevents\u002Fi-ching-learning\u002Fliu-yao-beginner-course",{"en":1245,"zh":1246},"Liu Yao Beginner 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