[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"site-nav-reference-en":3,"site-nav-zh":4,"site-nav-zh-all-arts":289,"event-categories-zh":902,"site-settings":1145,"node-zh-arts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-private-libraries-cangshulou-collectors-catalogues-transmission":1187,"live-course-events":1221},null,{"data":5},{"header":6,"footer":264},[7,51,82,123,161,187,229,260],{"to":8,"label":9,"label_zh":10,"children":11},"\u002Fdao","TAO","道",[12,17,22,26,30,34,39,43,47],{"to":13,"label":14,"label_zh":15,"n":16},"\u002Fdao\u002Fintroduction","Begin with the Tao","道學入門",9,{"to":18,"label":19,"label_zh":20,"n":21},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing","I Ching","易經",7,{"to":23,"label":24,"label_zh":25,"n":16},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing","Tao Te Ching","道德經",{"to":27,"label":28,"label_zh":29,"n":21},"\u002Fdao\u002Ftaiji","Taiji","太極",{"to":31,"label":32,"label_zh":33,"n":21},"\u002Fdao\u002Fzhuang-zi","Zhuangzi","莊子",{"to":35,"label":36,"label_zh":37,"n":38},"\u002Fdao\u002Fclassics","Classical Library","道家經典文庫",1,{"to":40,"label":41,"label_zh":42},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdaoist-philosophy","Taoist Philosophy","道家哲學",{"to":44,"label":45,"label_zh":46},"\u002Fdao\u002Fwu-wei-natural-living","Wu Wei & Natural Living","無為與自然生活",{"to":48,"label":49,"label_zh":50},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdaoist-view-of-life","A Taoist View of Life","道家人生觀",{"to":52,"label":53,"label_zh":54,"children":55},"\u002Fmartial-arts","Martial Arts","武當武術",[56,61,65,70,74,78],{"to":57,"label":58,"label_zh":59,"n":60},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ffoundations-internal-arts","Foundations of Internal Martial Arts","內家拳基礎",6,{"to":62,"label":63,"label_zh":64,"n":21},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ftaijiquan","Taijiquan (Tai Chi)","太極拳",{"to":66,"label":67,"label_zh":68,"n":69},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fbaguazhang","Baguazhang: Circle Walking, Palm Changes and Movement","八卦掌：走圈、換掌與身法變化",5,{"to":71,"label":72,"label_zh":73,"n":69},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fxingyiquan","Xingyiquan: Structure, Intention and Direct Training","形意拳：結構、意念與直接訓練",{"to":75,"label":76,"label_zh":77,"n":21},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fweapons","Wudang Sword and Weapons: History, Practice and Context","武當劍與兵器：歷史、練習與文化語境",{"to":79,"label":80,"label_zh":81,"n":21},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ftraining-practice","Training and Practice: Building a Sustainable Wudang Routine","訓練與習練：建立可持續的武當練習",{"to":83,"label":84,"label_zh":85,"children":86},"\u002Fwellness","Wellness","養生",[87,91,95,99,103,107,111,115,119],{"to":88,"label":89,"label_zh":90,"n":21},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fqigong","Qigong","氣功",{"to":92,"label":93,"label_zh":94,"n":60},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fherbal-healing","Chinese Herbal Medicine","中藥與本草",{"to":96,"label":97,"label_zh":98,"n":60},"\u002Fwellness\u002Ftaoist-medicine","Taoist Medicine","道家醫學",{"to":100,"label":101,"label_zh":102,"n":60},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fenergy-sound-healing","Sound & Energy Practices","聲音與能量練習",{"to":104,"label":105,"label_zh":106},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fstanding-practice","Standing Practice","站樁",{"to":108,"label":109,"label_zh":110},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fwudang-internal-cultivation","Wudang Internal Cultivation","武當內修",{"to":112,"label":113,"label_zh":114},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fmoxibustion","Moxibustion","艾灸",{"to":116,"label":117,"label_zh":118},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fbigu","Bigu","辟穀",{"to":120,"label":121,"label_zh":122,"n":38},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fbaduanjin","Baduanjin (Eight Brocades)","八段錦",{"to":124,"label":125,"label_zh":126,"children":127},"\u002Farts","Literati Arts","文人雅藝",[128,133,138,143,148,153,157],{"to":129,"label":130,"label_zh":131,"n":132},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature","Chinese Poetry and Literature: Forms, Contexts and Reading Paths","中國詩詞與文學：體式、語境與閱讀路徑",49,{"to":134,"label":135,"label_zh":136,"n":137},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy","Chinese Calligraphy: Scripts, Materials and Ways of Looking","中國書法：書體、材料與觀賞入門",17,{"to":139,"label":140,"label_zh":141,"n":142},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony","Chinese Tea Culture","中國茶文化",39,{"to":144,"label":145,"label_zh":146,"n":147},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin","Guqin: Sound, History and Ways to Listen","古琴：認識聲音、歷史與聆聽方法",12,{"to":149,"label":150,"label_zh":151,"n":152},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting","Chinese Painting: Materials, Formats and Ways of Looking","中國繪畫：材料、形制與觀看方法",15,{"to":154,"label":155,"label_zh":156,"n":16},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense","Chinese Incense Culture","中國香文化",{"to":158,"label":159,"label_zh":160,"n":21},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement","Chinese Flower Arrangement: History, Materials and Ways of Looking","中國插花：歷史、花材與觀看方法",{"to":162,"label":163,"label_zh":164,"children":165},"\u002Fdaoism","Taoist Culture","道教文化",[166,170,174,178,183],{"to":167,"label":168,"label_zh":169,"n":16},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-deities-pantheon","Taoist Deities and the Chinese Pantheon: A Structural Guide","道教神仙與神明體系：結構與層級指南",{"to":171,"label":172,"label_zh":173,"n":21},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-temples-sacred-mountains","Taoist Temples and Sacred Mountains: A Guide to Places and Architecture","道教名山與宮觀：聖地、建築與制度指南",{"to":175,"label":176,"label_zh":177,"n":21},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-schools-lineages","Taoist Schools and Lineages: Zhengyi, Quanzhen and Historical Traditions","道教流派與傳承：正一、全真及歷史道派",{"to":179,"label":180,"label_zh":181,"n":182},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals","Taoist Festivals and Rituals: Calendars, Offerings and Community Rites","道教節日與科儀：神誕、齋醮與歲時儀式",19,{"to":184,"label":185,"label_zh":186,"n":60},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Feight-immortals","The Eight Immortals: Origins, Symbols and Taoist Legends","八仙：人物、象徵與道教傳說",{"to":188,"label":189,"label_zh":190,"children":191},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics","Chinese Metaphysics","易學與傳統術數",[192,196,200,204,208,213,217,221,225],{"to":193,"label":194,"label_zh":195,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fyin-yang-five-elements","Yin-Yang and the Five Phases in Chinese Thought","陰陽五行：理解關係與變化",{"to":197,"label":198,"label_zh":199,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fganzhi-stems-branches","Chinese Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches (Ganzhi)","天干地支（干支）：中國曆法與術數的六十迴圈",{"to":201,"label":202,"label_zh":203,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Ffeng-shui","Chinese Feng Shui: Landscape, Compass Methods and Responsible Practice","中國風水：形勢、羅盤方法與負責任實踐",{"to":205,"label":206,"label_zh":207,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fbazi-four-pillars","BaZi (Four Pillars of Destiny): How the Eight Characters Work","八字四柱命理：八個字如何構成命盤",{"to":209,"label":210,"label_zh":211,"n":212},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fzi-wei-dou-shu","Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology): How the Twelve-Palace Chart Works","紫微斗數：十二宮命盤如何運作",8,{"to":214,"label":215,"label_zh":216,"n":212},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fdate-selection","Chinese Date Selection: How Auspicious Days Are Chosen","中國擇吉：傳統吉日如何選擇",{"to":218,"label":219,"label_zh":220,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fphysiognomy","Chinese Physiognomy: Face Reading, Palm Reading and Their Limits","中國相術：面相、手相及其侷限",{"to":222,"label":223,"label_zh":224,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fdivination-arts","Chinese Divination Arts: Methods, History and Responsible Use","中國占卜術：方法、歷史與負責任使用",{"to":226,"label":227,"label_zh":228,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fluoshu-hetu","The Hetu, Luoshu and Nine Palaces in Chinese Cosmology","河圖、洛書與九宮：中國傳統圖式的歷史與用途",{"to":230,"label":231,"label_zh":232,"children":233},"\u002Fwudang-mountain","Experience Wudang","武當之旅",[234,238,243,248,252,256],{"to":235,"label":236,"label_zh":237,"n":21},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fintroduction","Introduction to Wudang Mountain","初識武當山",{"to":239,"label":240,"label_zh":241,"n":242},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Ftemples-and-sites","Wudang Mountain Temples and Sacred Sites","武當山宮觀與勝蹟",3,{"to":244,"label":245,"label_zh":246,"n":247},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fplanning-a-visit","Planning a Visit to Wudang Mountain","武當山行前規劃指南",4,{"to":249,"label":250,"label_zh":251,"n":242},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fstudying-at-wudang","Studying Martial Arts at Wudang Mountain","在武當山學習武術",{"to":253,"label":254,"label_zh":255,"n":242},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Ftemple-etiquette","Wudang Temple Etiquette: A Visitor’s Guide","武當宮觀參訪禮儀",{"to":257,"label":258,"label_zh":259,"n":69},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fpractical-reference","Wudang Mountain Practical Reference","武當山實用參考資料",{"to":261,"label":262,"label_zh":263},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Feveryday-wudang","Everyday Wudang","武當日常",[265,266,267,268,269,270,271,272,273,277,281,285],{"to":8,"label":9,"label_zh":10},{"to":52,"label":53,"label_zh":54},{"to":83,"label":84,"label_zh":85},{"to":124,"label":125,"label_zh":126},{"to":162,"label":163,"label_zh":164},{"to":188,"label":189,"label_zh":190},{"to":230,"label":231,"label_zh":232},{"to":261,"label":262,"label_zh":263},{"to":274,"label":275,"label_zh":276},"\u002Fabout","About Wudang.Org","關於 Wudang.Org",{"to":278,"label":279,"label_zh":280},"\u002Fstart-here","Start Here","從這裡開始",{"to":282,"label":283,"label_zh":284},"\u002Ffind-a-practice","Find a Practice","找到適合你的修習",{"to":286,"label":287,"label_zh":288},"\u002Fteachers","Our Teachers","授課老師",{"data":290},{"all":291,"header":900,"footer":901},[292],{"to":124,"label":125,"label_zh":126,"children":293},[294,492,562,720,770,832,870],{"to":129,"label":130,"label_zh":131,"children":295},[296,300,304,308,312,316,320,324,328,332,336,340,344,348,352,356,360,364,368,372,376,380,384,388,392,396,400,404,408,412,416,420,424,428,432,436,440,444,448,452,456,460,464,468,472,476,480,484,488],{"to":297,"label":298,"label_zh":299},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Forigins-spirit-of-chinese-poetry","Origins of Chinese Poetry: Song, Text and Interpretation","中國詩歌的源流：歌唱、文本與闡釋",{"to":301,"label":302,"label_zh":303},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fbook-of-songs-classical-foundations","The Book of Songs: Voices, Performance and Interpretation","《詩經》：聲音、禮樂與闡釋",{"to":305,"label":306,"label_zh":307},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Ftang-poetry-golden-age","Tang Poetry: Forms, Voices and a Lasting Canon","唐詩：體式、聲音與經典的形成",{"to":309,"label":310,"label_zh":311},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Ftaoist-landscape-poetry","Daoist Traditions and Landscape Poetry: Place, Reclusion and Interpretation","道家、道教與山水詩：地方、隱逸與解讀",{"to":313,"label":314,"label_zh":315},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fpoetry-as-cultivation","Poetry as Cultivation at Wudang: Reading, Attention and Writing","武當詩文與自我涵養：閱讀、觀察與寫作",{"to":317,"label":318,"label_zh":319},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fkey-poets-further-reading","Chinese Poetry: Poets, Editions and Reading Paths","中國詩詞閱讀：詩人、版本與入門路徑",{"to":321,"label":322,"label_zh":323},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fhow-to-read-chinese-regulated-verse","How to Read Chinese Regulated Verse: Lines, Rhyme, Tone and Parallelism","怎樣讀中國近體詩：句式、押韻、平仄與對仗",{"to":325,"label":326,"label_zh":327},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fhow-to-read-chinese-ci-lyrics","How to Read Chinese Ci Lyrics: Tune Patterns, Voice and Transmission","怎樣讀中國詞：詞牌、聲音與文本流傳",{"to":329,"label":330,"label_zh":331},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-poetry-anthologies-canon-transmission","How Chinese Poetry Anthologies Shape What We Read","中國詩歌選本怎樣塑造我們的閱讀",{"to":333,"label":334,"label_zh":335},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-thread-bound-books-folding-stitching-reading","Chinese Thread-Bound Books: Folding, Stitching and the Shape of Reading","中國線裝書：摺頁、裝訂與閱讀形態",{"to":337,"label":338,"label_zh":339},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fhow-to-read-chinese-paired-couplets-parallelism-calligraphy-place","How to Read Chinese Paired Couplets: Parallel Lines, Calligraphy and Place","怎樣讀中國對聯：對仗、書法與空間",{"to":341,"label":342,"label_zh":343},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fpoetry-on-chinese-paintings-inscriptions-colophons","Poetry on Chinese Paintings: How to Read Inscriptions and Colophons","中國畫上的詩：怎樣讀題款與題跋",{"to":345,"label":346,"label_zh":347},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-fu-rhapsody-catalogues-courts-expansive-description","Chinese Fu (Rhapsody): Catalogues, Courts and Expansive Description","中國賦：鋪陳、宮廷與展開描寫的藝術",{"to":349,"label":350,"label_zh":351},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fwenxin-diaolong-liu-xie-writing-reading-literary-thought","Wenxin Diaolong: How Liu Xie Thought About Writing and Reading","《文心雕龍》導讀：劉勰怎樣思考寫作與閱讀",{"to":353,"label":354,"label_zh":355},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-shihua-poetry-talks-notes-anecdotes-criticism","Shihua (Poetry Talks): How Chinese Criticism Speaks in Notes and Anecdotes","中國詩話導讀：批評怎樣寫進筆記、軼事與評語",{"to":357,"label":358,"label_zh":359},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-prefaces-afterwords-xu-ba-books-texts-readers","Chinese Prefaces and Afterwords (Xu and Ba): How Books Frame Texts and Readers","中國序跋導讀：書籍怎樣安排文本、作者與讀者",{"to":361,"label":362,"label_zh":363},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-biji-brush-notes-notebooks-miscellanies","Chinese Biji (Brush Notes): How Fragments Become Knowledge and Literature","中國筆記導讀：零散見聞怎樣成為知識與文學",{"to":365,"label":366,"label_zh":367},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-leishu-classified-books-excerpts-knowledge","Chinese Leishu (Classified Books): How Knowledge Was Excerpted and Ordered","中國類書導讀：知識怎樣被摘錄與分類",{"to":369,"label":370,"label_zh":371},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-dictionaries-rhyme-books-erya-shuowen-qieyun-guangyun","Chinese Dictionaries and Rhyme Books: How Characters, Meanings and Sounds Were Ordered","中國字書與韻書導讀：字形、詞義與語音怎樣被編排",{"to":373,"label":374,"label_zh":375},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-primers-sanzijing-baijiaxing-qianziwen-literacy","Chinese Primers and Elementary Literacy: Reading the Three, Hundred and Thousand","中國傳統蒙學讀物導讀：《三字經》《百家姓》《千字文》怎樣教人識字",{"to":377,"label":378,"label_zh":379},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-texts-punctuation-reading-marks-sentence-division-modern-editions","How Chinese Texts Were Punctuated: Reading Marks, Sentence Division and Modern Editions","中國古籍怎樣斷句：句讀、圈點與現代標點",{"to":381,"label":382,"label_zh":383},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-letters-chidu-writing-address-correspondence-calligraphy","Chinese Letters (Chidu): Writing, Address and the Afterlife of Correspondence","中國尺牘導讀：書信格式、稱謂與墨跡流傳",{"to":385,"label":386,"label_zh":387},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-travel-writing-youji-routes-witness-making-place","Chinese Travel Writing (Youji): Routes, Witness and the Making of Place","中國遊記導讀：路線、見聞與地方書寫",{"to":389,"label":390,"label_zh":391},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-individual-collected-works-bieji-authors-editors-transmission","Chinese Individual Collected Works (Bieji): How an Author’s Writings Become a Book","中國別集導讀：一位作者的詩文怎樣成為一部書",{"to":393,"label":394,"label_zh":395},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-guwen-pianwen-ancient-style-parallel-prose-rhythm-argument","Guwen and Pianwen: Two Ways of Shaping Classical Chinese Prose","古文與駢文導讀：中國古典散文的兩種組織方式",{"to":397,"label":398,"label_zh":399},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-eight-legged-essay-baguwen-examination-classics-composition","The Eight-Legged Essay (Baguwen): How an Examination Form Organized Classical Thought","八股文導讀：科舉文章怎樣組織經典義理",{"to":401,"label":402,"label_zh":403},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-examination-compounds-gongyuan-cells-candidate-experience","Chinese Examination Compounds (Gongyuan): How Architecture Shaped the Candidate Experience","中國貢院導讀：考場空間怎樣塑造士子的應試體驗",{"to":405,"label":406,"label_zh":407},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-academies-shuyuan-books-teaching-ritual-landscape","Chinese Academies (Shuyuan): How Books, Teaching and Ritual Made a Scholarly Place","中國書院導讀：書籍、講學與禮儀怎樣構成學術空間",{"to":409,"label":410,"label_zh":411},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-private-libraries-cangshulou-collectors-catalogues-transmission","Chinese Private Libraries (Cangshulou): How Collectors Built Paths for Books to Survive","中國藏書樓導讀：私人收藏怎樣為典籍延續開闢路徑",{"to":413,"label":414,"label_zh":415},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-bookshops-book-markets-publishers-routes-readers","Chinese Bookshops and Book Markets: How Books Became Goods, Routes and Encounters","中國書肆與書市導讀：書籍怎樣成為商品、路線與相遇",{"to":417,"label":418,"label_zh":419},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-illustrated-books-woodblock-images-page-design-reading","Illustrated Chinese Books: How Woodblock Images Shaped the Page","中國古籍插圖導讀：木刻影像怎樣塑造書頁",{"to":421,"label":422,"label_zh":423},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-bibliographies-mulu-catalogues-classification-books-knowledge","Chinese Bibliographies (Mulu): How Catalogues Classified Books and Knowledge","中國目錄學導讀：書目怎樣分類書籍與知識",{"to":425,"label":426,"label_zh":427},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-textual-collation-jiaokan-variant-readings-witnesses-editions","Chinese Textual Collation (Jiaokan): How Scholars Read Variant Texts","中國校勘導讀：怎樣閱讀異文與文本傳本",{"to":429,"label":430,"label_zh":431},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-commentaries-subcommentaries-zhu-jian-shu-layered-reading","Chinese Commentaries and Subcommentaries: How Notes Became Part of the Text","中國註疏導讀：注、箋、疏怎樣層層塑造經典閱讀",{"to":433,"label":434,"label_zh":435},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-book-marginalia-meipi-pangpi-pijiao-reading-history","Marginalia in Chinese Books: How Readers Wrote Back","中國古籍批註導讀：讀者怎樣在書頁上留下閱讀史",{"to":437,"label":438,"label_zh":439},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-book-ownership-seals-cangshuyin-provenance-impressions","Book-Ownership Seals in China: Reading Provenance in Red","中國古籍藏書印導讀：怎樣從朱印追索遞藏",{"to":441,"label":442,"label_zh":443},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-book-paper-fibres-sizing-repairs-dating-evidence","Paper in Chinese Books: Fibres, Sizing, Repairs and the Limits of Dating","中國古籍用紙導讀：纖維、施膠、修補與斷代邊界",{"to":445,"label":446,"label_zh":447},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-book-page-layout-frames-columns-fishtails-centre-fold","Inside the Chinese Book Page: Frames, Columns, Fishtails and the Centre Fold","中國古籍版式導讀：版框、界行、魚尾與版心",{"to":449,"label":450,"label_zh":451},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-book-printers-marks-paiji-kanji-publishing-claims","Printer’s Marks in Chinese Books: Reading Paiji, Kanji and Publishing Claims","中國古籍牌記與刊記導讀：怎樣辨認刊刻、藏版與書坊資訊",{"to":453,"label":454,"label_zh":455},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-movable-type-printing-clay-wood-metal-reuse","Movable Type in Chinese Book History: Clay, Wood, Metal and Reuse","中國古籍活字印刷導讀：泥活字、木活字、金屬活字與複用",{"to":457,"label":458,"label_zh":459},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-woodblock-printing-workflow-writing-carving-inking-impressions","How Chinese Woodblock Printing Worked: Writing, Carving, Inking and Impressions","中國雕版印刷工藝導讀：寫樣、上版、刻版、刷墨與印紙",{"to":461,"label":462,"label_zh":463},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-woodblock-lifecycle-storage-repair-recutting-later-impressions","After the First Printing: How Chinese Woodblocks Were Stored, Repaired and Reused","初印之後：中國雕版的儲藏、遞修、重刻與後印",{"to":465,"label":466,"label_zh":467},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fwho-paid-chinese-book-printing-patronage-profit-donors-funding","Who Paid to Print? Patronage, Profit and Collective Funding in Chinese Book History","誰出資刻書？中國書籍史中的官刻、私資、坊刻與募資",{"to":469,"label":470,"label_zh":471},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fhow-readers-got-books-imperial-china-buying-borrowing-gifts-copying","How Readers Got Books in Imperial China: Buying, Borrowing, Gifting and Copying","古代中國讀者怎樣獲得書籍？購書、借閱、饋贈與抄寫",{"to":473,"label":474,"label_zh":475},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fhow-classical-chinese-poetry-was-heard-recitation-chanting-historical-sound","How Classical Chinese Poetry Was Heard: Recitation, Chanting and Historical Sound","古典詩歌怎樣被聽見？誦讀、吟詠與歷史聲音",{"to":477,"label":478,"label_zh":479},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-poetry-social-exchange-gifts-farewells-replies-rhyme-matching","Poetry as Social Exchange: Gifts, Farewells, Replies and Rhyme-Matching in China","詩歌作為交往：贈答、送別、唱和與次韻",{"to":481,"label":482,"label_zh":483},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-poetry-gatherings-themes-rhyme-lots-linked-composition","How Chinese Poetry Gatherings Worked: Themes, Rhyme Lots and Linked Composition","中國古典詩歌雅集怎樣運作：命題、分韻與聯句",{"to":485,"label":486,"label_zh":487},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-poetry-revision-drafts-variants-editorial-layers","How Chinese Poems Changed: Drafts, Variants and Editorial Layers","中國古典詩歌怎樣改定與流傳：草稿、異文與編輯層次",{"to":489,"label":490,"label_zh":491},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-poetry-attribution-anonymity-disputed-authorship","Who Wrote This Poem? Attribution, Anonymity and Disputed Authorship in Chinese Poetry","這首詩是誰寫的？中國古典詩歌的署名、佚名與作者爭議",{"to":134,"label":135,"label_zh":136,"children":493},[494,498,502,506,510,514,518,522,526,530,534,538,542,546,550,554,558],{"to":495,"label":496,"label_zh":497},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Forigins-history-of-calligraphy","Origins and History of Chinese Calligraphy","中國書法的源流與歷史",{"to":499,"label":500,"label_zh":501},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fthe-five-script-styles","The Five Script Styles in Chinese Calligraphy","中國書法的五種主要書體",{"to":503,"label":504,"label_zh":505},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fcalligraphy-as-taoist-cultivation","Calligraphy and Taoist Cultivation: Text, Attention and Practice","書法與道家修養：讀懂文字，專注落筆",{"to":507,"label":508,"label_zh":509},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Ffour-treasures-of-the-study","The Four Treasures of the Study: Choosing and Using Calligraphy Materials","文房四寶：認識、選擇與使用筆墨紙硯",{"to":511,"label":512,"label_zh":513},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fbrush-technique-living-line","Chinese Calligraphy Brushwork: Reading and Practising the Living Line","書法筆法：觀察與練習有生氣的線條",{"to":515,"label":516,"label_zh":517},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fgreat-masters-further-reading","Chinese Calligraphy Masters and Reading Paths","中國書法名家與閱讀路徑",{"to":519,"label":520,"label_zh":521},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-seals-and-seal-carving","Chinese Seals and Seal Carving: Script, Surface and Impression","中國印章與篆刻：文字、印面與鈐印",{"to":523,"label":524,"label_zh":525},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-ink-rubbings","Chinese Ink Rubbings: Stone, Paper and the Life of Calligraphy","中國傳拓：石刻、紙墨與書法的流傳",{"to":527,"label":528,"label_zh":529},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-inkstones","Chinese Inkstones: Stone, Carving and the Scholar’s Desk","中國硯臺：石材、雕刻與文房生活",{"to":531,"label":532,"label_zh":533},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-inksticks","Chinese Inksticks: Soot, Moulds and the Scholar’s Desk","中國墨錠：煙料、墨模與文房生活",{"to":535,"label":536,"label_zh":537},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-calligraphy-paper","Chinese Calligraphy Paper: Xuan, Sizing and the Life of a Sheet","中國書畫紙：宣紙、施膠與紙張的一生",{"to":539,"label":540,"label_zh":541},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-calligraphy-brushes","Chinese Calligraphy Brushes: Hair, Handle and the Working Point","中國毛筆：毫料、筆管與筆鋒",{"to":543,"label":544,"label_zh":545},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-brush-rests","Chinese Brush Rests: Mountains, Materials and the Scholar’s Desk","中國筆架：山形、材質與文人書案",{"to":547,"label":548,"label_zh":549},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-water-droppers-scholars-desk","Chinese Water Droppers: Flow, Form and the Scholar’s Desk","中國水滴：控水、造型與文人書案",{"to":551,"label":552,"label_zh":553},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-brush-pots-materials-scholars-desk","Chinese Brush Pots: Function, Material and the Scholar’s Desk","中國筆筒：收納、材質與文人書案",{"to":555,"label":556,"label_zh":557},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-brush-washers-water-form-scholars-desk","Chinese Brush Washers: Water, Form and the Scholar’s Desk","中國筆洗：洗筆、造型與文人書案",{"to":559,"label":560,"label_zh":561},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-paperweights-form-material-scholars-desk","Chinese Paperweights: Form, Material and the Scholar’s Desk","中國鎮紙：形制、材質與文人書案",{"to":139,"label":140,"label_zh":141,"children":563},[564,568,572,576,580,584,588,592,596,600,604,608,612,616,620,624,628,632,636,640,644,648,652,656,660,664,668,672,676,680,684,688,692,696,700,704,708,712,716],{"to":565,"label":566,"label_zh":567},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-meditation-taoist-practice","Tea, Meditation and Taoist Practice","茶、靜坐與道家修習",{"to":569,"label":570,"label_zh":571},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Forigins-history-of-tea-culture","Origins and History of Chinese Tea Culture","中國茶文化的源流與歷史",{"to":573,"label":574,"label_zh":575},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fthe-way-of-tea","The Way of Tea: Attention, Care and Hospitality","茶道：在一杯茶中練習用心與待客",{"to":577,"label":578,"label_zh":579},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftypes-of-tea-and-character","Six Chinese Tea Families: Processing and Taste","六大茶類：從製法到品飲",{"to":581,"label":582,"label_zh":583},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Futensils-and-gongfu-method","Gongfu Tea: Utensils and a Flexible Method","工夫茶：茶具與靈活沖泡法",{"to":585,"label":586,"label_zh":587},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ffurther-reading-and-practice","Learning Chinese Tea: Reading and Practice","學茶入門：閱讀與品飲練習",{"to":589,"label":590,"label_zh":591},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fwater-for-chinese-tea","Water for Chinese Tea: Springs, Minerals and a Practical Tasting Method","中國茶用水：山泉、礦物與實用對比方法",{"to":593,"label":594,"label_zh":595},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fchinese-teaware-clay-glaze-form","Chinese Tea Ware: Clay, Porcelain, Glaze and the Uses of Form","中國茶器：胎土、瓷釉、造型與使用",{"to":597,"label":598,"label_zh":599},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fchinese-tea-caddies","Chinese Tea Caddies: Storage, Materials and the Traveling Leaf","中國茶葉罐：貯藏、材質與流動的茶葉",{"to":601,"label":602,"label_zh":603},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fsong-whisked-tea-powder-bowls-foam","Whisked Tea in Song China: Powder, Bowls and Foam","宋代點茶：茶末、茶盞與湯花",{"to":605,"label":606,"label_zh":607},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fyixing-teapots-clay-form-makers-marks","Yixing Teapots: Clay, Form and Reading the Maker’s Mark","宜興紫砂壺：泥料、器形與款識",{"to":609,"label":610,"label_zh":611},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fcompressed-tea-cakes-bricks-trade-storage-object-reading","Compressed Tea in China: Cakes, Bricks and How to Read Them","中國緊壓茶：茶餅、茶磚與辨讀方法",{"to":613,"label":614,"label_zh":615},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-horse-trade-networks-routes-markets-cultural-exchange","Tea–Horse Trade Networks: Routes, Markets and Cultural Exchange","茶馬貿易網路：路線、市場與文化交流",{"to":617,"label":618,"label_zh":619},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-landscapes-china-gardens-forests-terraces-living-knowledge","Tea Landscapes in China: Gardens, Forests, Terraces and Living Knowledge","中國茶景觀：茶園、古茶林、梯田與活態知識",{"to":621,"label":622,"label_zh":623},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fpicking-tea-china-seasons-bud-leaf-standards-skilled-labour","Picking Tea in China: Seasons, Bud-and-Leaf Standards and Skilled Labour","中國採茶：季節、芽葉標準與勞作技藝",{"to":625,"label":626,"label_zh":627},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fwithering-tea-leaves-water-loss-time-first-transformation","Withering Tea Leaves: Water Loss, Time and the First Transformation","茶葉萎凋：失水、時間與採後初變",{"to":629,"label":630,"label_zh":631},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ffixing-tea-leaves-shaqing-heat-enzymes-turning-point","Fixing Tea Leaves (Shaqing): Heat, Enzymes and a Turning Point in Chinese Tea","茶葉殺青：熱、酶活性與中國製茶的轉折點",{"to":633,"label":634,"label_zh":635},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Frolling-tea-leaves-rounian-pressure-shape-cell-disruption","Rolling Tea Leaves (Rounian): Pressure, Shape and Controlled Cell Disruption","茶葉揉捻：壓力、形態與受控細胞破損",{"to":637,"label":638,"label_zh":639},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fdrying-tea-leaves-moisture-heat-stability-finished-tea","Drying Tea Leaves: Moisture, Heat and the Stability of Finished Tea","茶葉乾燥：水分、熱量與成茶穩定",{"to":641,"label":642,"label_zh":643},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fsorting-grading-tea-leaf-size-shape-grade-meaning","Sorting and Grading Tea: Leaf Size, Shape and What a Grade Really Means","茶葉篩分與分級：葉片大小、形態與等級的真正含義",{"to":645,"label":646,"label_zh":647},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-blending-batch-construction-consistency-style-transparency","Tea Blending and Batch Construction: Consistency, Style and Transparent Labels","茶葉拼配與批次構建：穩定、風格與透明標示",{"to":649,"label":650,"label_zh":651},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-oxidation-post-fermentation-enzymes-microbes-terms","Oxidation and Post-Fermentation in Tea: Enzymes, Microbes and Misleading Labels","茶葉氧化與後發酵：酶、微生物與容易混淆的標籤",{"to":653,"label":654,"label_zh":655},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fyellow-tea-menhuang-moist-heat-time-tea-family","Yellow Tea and Menhuang: Moist Heat, Time and the Making of a Tea Family","黃茶與悶黃：溼熱、時間與一類茶的形成",{"to":657,"label":658,"label_zh":659},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Frefiring-roasting-tea-later-heat-aroma-finished-leaf","Re-Firing and Roasting Tea: Later Heat, Aroma and the Difference from Drying","茶葉復火與焙火：後段加熱、香氣及其與乾燥的區別",{"to":661,"label":662,"label_zh":663},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fjasmine-tea-scenting-flowers-repeated-rounds-aroma-transfer","Jasmine Tea and Scenting: Flowers, Repeated Rounds and How Aroma Enters Tea","茉莉花茶與窨制：鮮花、多次窨香與茶葉如何吸收香氣",{"to":665,"label":666,"label_zh":667},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-sensory-evaluation-appearance-aroma-taste-score-limits","Tea Sensory Evaluation: Appearance, Aroma, Taste and the Limits of a Score","茶葉感官審評：外形、香氣、滋味與分數的邊界",{"to":669,"label":670,"label_zh":671},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fdoucha-song-tea-contests-whisked-tea-jian-bowls-modern-judging","Doucha: Tea Contests in Song China and the Limits of Modern Re-Creation","鬥茶：宋代茶事競賽與現代重現的邊界",{"to":673,"label":674,"label_zh":675},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fbeiyuan-tribute-tea-song-court-labour-imperial-label","Beiyuan Tribute Tea: Song Court Taste, Skilled Labour and the Limits of ‘Imperial Tea’","北苑貢茶：宋代宮廷品味、製茶勞作與“御茶”標籤的邊界",{"to":677,"label":678,"label_zh":679},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Freading-chinese-tea-classics-authorship-editions-recipe-limits","Reading Chinese Tea Classics: Authorship, Editions and the Limits of a ‘Recipe’","如何閱讀中國茶書：作者、版本與“配方”式解讀的邊界",{"to":681,"label":682,"label_zh":683},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-in-chinese-poetry-social-worlds-metaphor-historical-evidence","Tea in Chinese Poetry: Social Worlds, Metaphor and the Limits of Literary Evidence","中國詩歌中的茶：社會交往、詩意表達與文學證據的邊界",{"to":685,"label":686,"label_zh":687},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fchinese-teahouses-commerce-conversation-performance-urban-publics","Chinese Teahouses: Commerce, Conversation, Performance and Changing Urban Publics","中國茶館：商業、交往、表演與變動中的城市公共生活",{"to":689,"label":690,"label_zh":691},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-in-chinese-painting-objects-social-worlds-visual-evidence","Tea in Chinese Painting: Objects, Social Worlds and the Limits of Visual Evidence","中國繪畫中的茶：器物、社會空間與視覺證據的邊界",{"to":693,"label":694,"label_zh":695},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-in-dream-of-the-red-chamber-hospitality-rank-labour-fiction","Tea in Dream of the Red Chamber: Hospitality, Rank, Labour and Fiction","《紅樓夢》中的茶：待客、等級、勞動與小說敘事",{"to":697,"label":698,"label_zh":699},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-in-chinese-travel-writing-roads-hospitality-regional-evidence","Tea in Chinese Travel Writing: Roads, Hospitality and the Limits of an Itinerary","中國遊記中的茶：道路、待客與行程證據的邊界",{"to":701,"label":702,"label_zh":703},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-in-chinese-letters-gifts-visits-friendship-private-writing","Tea in Chinese Letters: Gifts, Visits, Friendship and the Limits of ‘Private’ Writing","中國書信中的茶：饋贈、訪友、人情與“私語”證據的邊界",{"to":705,"label":706,"label_zh":707},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-tax-monopoly-imperial-china-fiscal-records-daily-life","Tea, Tax and Monopoly in Imperial China: Reading Fiscal Records Without Mistaking Revenue for Daily Life","中國曆代茶稅與專賣：財政記錄能告訴我們什麼，又不能告訴我們什麼",{"to":709,"label":710,"label_zh":711},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-chinese-local-gazetteers-place-production-local-knowledge","Tea in Chinese Local Gazetteers: Place, Production and the Limits of Local Knowledge","中國地方誌中的茶：產地、生產與地方知識的邊界",{"to":713,"label":714,"label_zh":715},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-chinese-materia-medica-names-preparations-medical-claims","Tea in Chinese Materia Medica: Names, Preparations and the Limits of Medical Claims","中國本草中的茶：名稱、製法與醫藥記載的邊界",{"to":717,"label":718,"label_zh":719},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-chinese-buddhist-monastic-rules-ceremony-office-origin-stories","Tea in Chinese Buddhist Monastic Rules: Ceremony, Office and the Limits of Origin Stories","中國佛教清規中的茶：禮儀、職事與起源故事的邊界",{"to":144,"label":145,"label_zh":146,"children":721},[722,726,730,734,738,742,746,750,754,758,762,766],{"to":723,"label":724,"label_zh":725},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Forigins-history-of-the-guqin","A History of the Guqin: Objects, Texts and Living Music","古琴的歷史：實物、文獻與傳習",{"to":727,"label":728,"label_zh":729},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Fanatomy-of-the-guqin","How the Guqin Works: Strings, Body and Sound","古琴如何發聲：琴絃、琴身與結構",{"to":731,"label":732,"label_zh":733},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Fplaying-technique-and-notation","Playing the Guqin: Gesture, Notation and Interpretation","古琴怎樣彈、怎樣讀譜：指法、減字譜與詮釋",{"to":735,"label":736,"label_zh":737},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Ffamous-melodies-and-stories","Guqin Melodies: Stories, Versions and Ways to Listen","聽懂古琴名曲：故事、版本與聆聽線索",{"to":739,"label":740,"label_zh":741},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Fguqin-as-taoist-cultivation","Guqin and Daoist Cultivation: Listening, Practice and Limits","古琴與道家修養：聆聽、練習與邊界",{"to":743,"label":744,"label_zh":745},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Ffurther-listening-and-study","Learning the Guqin: Listening, Sources and Finding a Teacher","怎樣學古琴：聆聽、資料與擇師",{"to":747,"label":748,"label_zh":749},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Fguqin-tables-playing-spaces","Guqin Tables and Playing Spaces: Support, Posture and Listening","古琴桌與彈琴空間：承托、坐姿與聆聽",{"to":751,"label":752,"label_zh":753},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Fhow-to-read-guqin-handbook-tablature-editions-dapu","How to Read a Guqin Handbook: Tablature, Editions and Dapu","如何讀古琴譜：減字譜、版本與打譜",{"to":755,"label":756,"label_zh":757},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Freading-guqin-lacquer-layers-crack-patterns-repair","Reading Guqin Lacquer: Layers, Crack Patterns and Repair","讀懂古琴漆面：漆層、斷紋與修繕",{"to":759,"label":760,"label_zh":761},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Freading-guqin-inscriptions-seals-names-dates-provenance","Reading Guqin Inscriptions and Seals: Names, Dates and Provenance","讀懂古琴銘款與印章：琴名、年代與流傳",{"to":763,"label":764,"label_zh":765},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Fguqin-forms-zhongni-banana-leaf-shapes","Guqin Forms: Reading Zhongni, Banana-Leaf and Other Shapes","古琴式樣：讀懂仲尼式、蕉葉式與其他琴式",{"to":767,"label":768,"label_zh":769},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Fguqin-strings-silk-modern-composites-playing","Guqin Strings: Silk, Modern Composites and How Material Changes Playing","古琴琴絃：絲絃、現代複合弦與材質如何改變演奏",{"to":149,"label":150,"label_zh":151,"children":771},[772,776,780,784,788,792,796,800,804,808,812,816,820,824,828],{"to":773,"label":774,"label_zh":775},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Forigins-history-of-chinese-painting","Origins and History of Chinese Painting: Objects, Courts and Communities","中國繪畫的源流與歷史：作品、宮廷與社會",{"to":777,"label":778,"label_zh":779},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fart-of-ink-and-brush","Ink and Brush in Chinese Painting: Materials, Water and Marks","中國畫的筆墨：材料、水分與筆痕",{"to":781,"label":782,"label_zh":783},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Flandscape-painting-shanshui","Shanshui: How to Read Chinese Landscape Painting","山水畫：怎樣讀懂中國山水",{"to":785,"label":786,"label_zh":787},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fbirds-flowers-four-gentlemen","Birds, Flowers and the Four Gentlemen in Chinese Painting","中國畫中的花鳥與四君子",{"to":789,"label":790,"label_zh":791},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fpainting-as-taoist-cultivation","Painting and Taoist Cultivation: Images, Ideas and Practice","繪畫與道家修養：影像、觀念與實踐",{"to":793,"label":794,"label_zh":795},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fgreat-masters-further-study","Chinese Painting Masters: A Guided Path","中國畫名家與進階研習",{"to":797,"label":798,"label_zh":799},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fhow-to-read-chinese-handscroll","How to Read a Chinese Handscroll: Sequence, Colophons and Seals","怎樣觀看中國手卷：展開順序、題跋與印章",{"to":801,"label":802,"label_zh":803},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fchinese-fan-painting","Chinese Fan Painting: Shape, Brushwork and the Art of the Small Format","中國扇面書畫：形制、筆墨與方寸之美",{"to":805,"label":806,"label_zh":807},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fhow-to-read-chinese-painting-album","How to Read a Chinese Painting Album: Leaves, Sequence and Intimate Viewing","如何閱讀中國畫冊頁：開頁、次序與案頭觀看",{"to":809,"label":810,"label_zh":811},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fchinese-scholars-rocks","Chinese Scholars’ Rocks: Stone, Display and Imagined Landscapes","中國文人賞石：石質、陳設與想像山水",{"to":813,"label":814,"label_zh":815},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fhow-to-read-chinese-hanging-scroll","How to Read a Chinese Hanging Scroll: Vertical Space, Mounting and Display","如何閱讀中國立軸：縱向空間、裝裱與陳設",{"to":817,"label":818,"label_zh":819},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fchinese-screens-space-painting","Chinese Screens: Space, Painting and the Art of the Fold","中國屏風：空間、影像與開合之藝",{"to":821,"label":822,"label_zh":823},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fmounting-chinese-painting","Mounting Chinese Painting: Silk Borders, Backing Papers and the Life of a Scroll","中國畫裝裱：綾邊、托紙與卷軸的生命",{"to":825,"label":826,"label_zh":827},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fchinese-portrait-painting-likeness-role-ancestral-memory","Chinese Portrait Painting: Likeness, Role and Ancestral Memory","中國肖像畫：形神、身份與祖先記憶",{"to":829,"label":830,"label_zh":831},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fthree-distances-chinese-landscape-painting","The Three Distances in Chinese Landscape Painting: High, Deep and Level Space","中國山水畫的“三遠”：高遠、深遠與平遠",{"to":154,"label":155,"label_zh":156,"children":833},[834,838,842,846,850,854,858,862,866],{"to":835,"label":836,"label_zh":837},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Forigins-history-of-incense-culture","Origins and History of Chinese Incense Culture","中國香文化的源流與歷史",{"to":839,"label":840,"label_zh":841},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Faromatic-materials-fragrant-woods","Aromatic Materials: Woods, Resins and Responsible Sourcing","香材指南：香木、樹脂與負責任的來源",{"to":843,"label":844,"label_zh":845},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Fforms-and-art-of-appreciation","Incense Forms and the Art of Appreciation","香的形態與品香方法",{"to":847,"label":848,"label_zh":849},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Fincense-in-ritual-and-temple-life","Incense in Daoist Ritual and Temple Life","香在道教科儀與宮觀生活中",{"to":851,"label":852,"label_zh":853},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Fincense-meditation-taoist-practice","Incense, Meditation and Taoist Practice","香、靜坐與道家修習",{"to":855,"label":856,"label_zh":857},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Ffurther-reading-and-practice","Learning Chinese Incense: Reading and Practice","學習中國香文化：閱讀與實踐",{"to":859,"label":860,"label_zh":861},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Fchinese-incense-burners","Chinese Incense Burners: Bronze, Ceramic, Form and Context","中國香爐：青銅、陶瓷、形制與使用語境",{"to":863,"label":864,"label_zh":865},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Fchinese-incense-seals-fragrant-time","Chinese Incense Seals: Ash, Patterns and Fragrant Time","中國香篆：香灰、篆紋與芬芳計時",{"to":867,"label":868,"label_zh":869},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Fchinese-incense-sets-burner-box-vase-tools","Chinese Incense Sets: Burner, Box, Vase and Tools","中國香具三式：爐、盒、瓶與匙箸",{"to":158,"label":159,"label_zh":160,"children":871},[872,876,880,884,888,892,896],{"to":873,"label":874,"label_zh":875},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Forigins-history-of-floral-art","A History of Chinese Flower Arrangement: Vessels, Pictures and Voices","中國插花史：器物、影像與文字中的花事",{"to":877,"label":878,"label_zh":879},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Fprinciples-of-flower-arrangement","Chinese Flower Arrangement: Line, Balance and Ways of Looking","中國插花構圖：線條、平衡與觀看方法",{"to":881,"label":882,"label_zh":883},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Fvessels-tools-and-composition","Choosing Flower Vessels and Tools: Form, Support and Care","選擇花器與工具：形制、支撐和養護",{"to":885,"label":886,"label_zh":887},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Fseasonal-flowers-and-symbolism","Seasonal Flowers and Symbolism: How to Read Context","時令花材與象徵：怎樣結合語境來讀",{"to":889,"label":890,"label_zh":891},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Fflower-arrangement-as-cultivation","Flower Arrangement as Cultivation: Attention, Change and Limits","插花與修養：專注、變化與界限",{"to":893,"label":894,"label_zh":895},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Ffurther-reading-and-practice","Further Reading and Practice: Sources, Museums and a First Month","延伸閱讀與練習：史料、博物館與第一個月",{"to":897,"label":898,"label_zh":899},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Fchinese-flower-baskets-weaving-painting-vessels","Chinese Flower Baskets: Weaving, Painting and the Vessel","中國花籃：編織、繪畫與器物",[],[],{"data":903},[904,940,963,982,1003,1022,1042,1060,1081,1104,1126],{"id":38,"uuid":905,"slug":906,"available_locales":907,"name":911,"description":914,"body":916,"path":919,"images":920,"image_urls":925,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":930,"seo_description":933,"sort_order":935,"is_active":936,"status":937,"created_at":938,"updated_at":939},"f1a30881-20c6-407b-b546-669e839a178a","feng-shui-learning",[908,909,910],"en","zh","fr",{"en":912,"zh":913},"Feng Shui Learning","風水課程",{"en":915,"zh":3},"Study feng shui as a historical Chinese tradition of interpreting orientation, form and environment—with clear limits on predictive claims.",{"en":917,"zh":918},"\u003Ch2>\u003Cem>Feng shui 風水 developed through multiple schools, texts and professional traditions. It brings together observations of landform, orientation, water, buildings and correlative cosmology. It should not be reduced to decorative rules, nor presented as a scientifically proven way to guarantee health, wealth or relationships.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cem>Classes introduce core vocabulary, the distinction between major approaches and the cultural contexts in which feng shui has been practised. Contemporary applications are discussed critically. Students remain responsible for property, financial and personal decisions and should seek qualified professional advice where those decisions carry material consequences.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>風水形成於不同的流派、典籍與專業傳統，綜合觀察地形、方位、水勢、建築以及陰陽五行等關聯性宇宙觀。它不應被簡化為裝飾規則，也不能被宣傳為保證健康、財富或關係結果的科學方法。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>課程介紹基本術語、主要方法的差別，以及風水在歷史社會中的實踐語境，並以批判態度討論當代應用。涉及房產、財務或其他重大決定時，學員仍應根據事實判斷，並諮詢具備資質的相關專業人士。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Ffeng-shui-learning",[921,922,923,924],"wudang\u002Fevents\u002FYpvXV9T4BG3YVD0NQ150.webp","wudang\u002Fevents\u002FfhZyCVAEQXsL76XmGdVp.webp","wudang\u002Fevents\u002FAt5a8W2EGZ9IhDUbI4f3.avif","wudang\u002Fevents\u002FBKPjfYeMNJ617LWJ7tgv.avif",[926,927,928,929],"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FYpvXV9T4BG3YVD0NQ150.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FfhZyCVAEQXsL76XmGdVp.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FAt5a8W2EGZ9IhDUbI4f3.avif","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FBKPjfYeMNJ617LWJ7tgv.avif",{"en":931,"zh":932},"Feng Shui Classes and Courses","風水課程：方位、形勢與空間觀念入門",{"en":915,"zh":934},"從歷史、環境與文化語境學習風水，理解方位、形勢與空間觀念，同時明確傳統解釋與科學證據的界限。",0,true,"active","2026-07-13T05:17:57.000000Z","2026-09-25T03:51:12.000000Z",{"id":60,"uuid":941,"slug":942,"available_locales":943,"name":944,"description":947,"body":950,"path":953,"images":954,"image_urls":955,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":956,"seo_description":959,"sort_order":935,"is_active":936,"status":937,"created_at":962,"updated_at":939},"c85bf6cc-b84e-4c36-bbd7-9e92b53bbe50","internal-arts-wellness",[908,909,910],{"en":945,"zh":946},"Internal Arts & Wellness","內家功法與養生",{"en":948,"zh":949},"Classes, workshops and retreats in Baduanjin, Taijiquan, qigong and traditional practices for movement, breathing and mindful cultivation.","彙集八段錦、太極拳、氣功及傳統身心修習的課程、工作坊與靜修活動。",{"en":951,"zh":952},"\u003Cp>Explore small-group classes, workshops and retreats introducing Wudang internal arts and traditional wellness practices. Programmes may include Baduanjin, Taijiquan, qigong, standing practice, breathing and their cultural foundations.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Each listing provides its teacher, schedule, experience level and registration arrangements.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>本類別彙集武當內家功法與傳統養生修習的小班課程、工作坊及靜修活動，內容可涵蓋八段錦、太極拳、氣功、站樁、呼吸練習及相關文化基礎。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>每項活動都會註明導師、日期、適合程度與報名方式，方便參加者選擇合適的學習體驗。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Finternal-arts-wellness",[],[],{"en":957,"zh":958},"Internal Arts & Wellness Events","內家功法與養生活動",{"en":960,"zh":961},"Explore Baduanjin, Taijiquan, qigong and traditional wellness classes, workshops and retreats listed by Wudang.Org.","探索八段錦、太極拳、氣功與傳統養生課程、工作坊及靜修活動。","2026-08-16T19:23:45.000000Z",{"id":964,"uuid":965,"slug":966,"available_locales":967,"name":968,"description":971,"body":972,"path":973,"images":974,"image_urls":975,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":976,"seo_description":978,"sort_order":935,"is_active":936,"status":937,"created_at":981,"updated_at":939},10,"884ed965-8c72-49e2-acee-0fc2f7aec70a","face-reading-learning",[908,909,910],{"en":969,"zh":970},"Face Reading Learning","面相課程",[],[],"\u002Fevents\u002Fface-reading-learning",[],[],{"en":977},"Chinese Face Reading Classes and Workshops",{"en":979,"zh":980},"Learn Chinese face reading (面相) as a cultural tradition: its classical framework, history and uses, taught with clear limits on predictive claims.","把面相作為中國傳統文化來學習：認識其經典框架、歷史與用法，並清楚說明傳統詮釋的邊界。","2026-08-30T17:01:43.000000Z",{"id":983,"uuid":984,"slug":985,"available_locales":986,"name":987,"description":990,"body":992,"path":995,"images":996,"image_urls":997,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":998,"seo_description":1001,"sort_order":38,"is_active":936,"status":937,"created_at":938,"updated_at":939},2,"8792a80b-d0c8-4ef9-9634-5cb91827932b","zi-wei-dou-shu-learning",[908,909,910],{"en":988,"zh":989},"Zi Wei Dou Shu Learning","紫微斗數課程",{"en":991,"zh":3},"Explore Purple Star Astrology as a traditional Chinese interpretive system, approached as cultural knowledge rather than scientific prediction.",{"en":993,"zh":994},"\u003Cp>Zi Wei Dou Shu 紫微鬥數 organises birth information through palaces, stars and patterned relationships. The system has a substantial technical vocabulary and several interpretive traditions, but its predictive claims are not established by modern scientific evidence.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Courses explain how charts are structured, how symbols are read and how historical and contemporary practitioners differ. The aim is cultural literacy and disciplined reflection—not certainty about the future. Readings do not replace medical, legal, financial, employment or psychological expertise.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>紫微斗數依據出生資訊，以宮位、星曜和彼此關係組織命盤。它具有複雜的術語與多種解釋傳統，但其預測主張並未得到現代科學證據的確立。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>課程說明命盤結構、符號閱讀方法，以及歷史與當代實踐者之間的差異。學習目的在於文化理解與有紀律的自我反思，而不是獲得關於未來的確定答案。相關解讀不能代替醫療、法律、財務、就業或心理專業意見。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Fzi-wei-dou-shu-learning",[],[],{"en":999,"zh":1000},"Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology) Classes","紫微斗數課程：命盤、宮位與星曜入門",{"en":991,"zh":1002},"把紫微斗數作為中國傳統詮釋體系來學習，認識命盤、宮位與星曜，不把它包裝成科學預測。",{"id":247,"uuid":1004,"slug":1005,"available_locales":1006,"name":1007,"description":1010,"body":1011,"path":1012,"images":1013,"image_urls":1014,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":1015,"seo_description":1018,"sort_order":38,"is_active":936,"status":937,"created_at":1021,"updated_at":939},"09958025-4f1d-40e6-ae1c-8b1517ac824e","tea-arts",[908,909,910],{"en":1008,"zh":1009},"Tea Arts","茶藝",[],[],"\u002Fevents\u002Ftea-arts",[],[],{"en":1016,"zh":1017},"Chinese Tea Art Classes and Workshops","茶藝課程與工作坊",{"en":1019,"zh":1020},"Chinese tea art (茶藝) classes and workshops: tea types, brewing methods, tea-table etiquette and the quiet attention of sharing tea.","茶藝課程與工作坊：認識茶類、泡茶方法與茶席禮儀，在一席茶中體會從容與專注。","2026-08-16T17:13:57.000000Z",{"id":242,"uuid":1023,"slug":1024,"available_locales":1025,"name":1026,"description":1029,"body":1031,"path":1034,"images":1035,"image_urls":1036,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":1037,"seo_description":1040,"sort_order":983,"is_active":936,"status":937,"created_at":938,"updated_at":939},"e52a261e-348a-4b8a-bd51-43f4e6b1d861","ba-zi-learning",[908,909,910],{"en":1027,"zh":1028},"Ba Zi Learning","八字課程",{"en":1030,"zh":3},"Study the Four Pillars as a traditional system of stems, branches and five-phase correspondence, with history and limitations made explicit.",{"en":1032,"zh":1033},"\u003Cp>Ba Zi 八字 interprets year, month, day and hour through the heavenly stems, earthly branches, yin-yang and five-phase relationships. It is an influential part of Chinese metaphysical culture, not an observational science in the modern empirical sense.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Classes introduce chart structure, terminology and common interpretive methods while distinguishing tradition from evidence. Students are encouraged to treat readings as prompts for reflection and never as guarantees, diagnoses or substitutes for professional advice.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>八字以年、月、日、時四柱為框架，通過天干、地支、陰陽與五行關係進行解釋。它是中國術數文化中影響深遠的傳統體系，並非現代經驗科學。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>課程介紹命盤結構、基本術語和常見詮釋方法，同時說明傳統觀點與科學證據的差別。學員可把解讀作為反思的線索，但不應把它當作保證、診斷，或任何專業意見的替代品。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Fba-zi-learning",[],[],{"en":1038,"zh":1039},"BaZi (Four Pillars) Classes and Courses","八字課程：四柱、天干地支與五行入門",{"en":1030,"zh":1041},"學習四柱中的天干、地支與五行關係，理解其歷史與方法，也清楚區分傳統詮釋和現代實證知識。",{"id":69,"uuid":1043,"slug":1044,"available_locales":1045,"name":1046,"description":1049,"body":1050,"path":1051,"images":1052,"image_urls":1053,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":1054,"seo_description":1057,"sort_order":983,"is_active":936,"status":937,"created_at":1021,"updated_at":939},"76718b8e-3137-42fc-a257-c9e318b3e364","incense-culture",[908,909,910],{"en":1047,"zh":1048},"Incense Culture","香文化",[],[],"\u002Fevents\u002Fincense-culture",[],[],{"en":1055,"zh":1056},"Chinese Incense Culture Workshops","香文化活動與工作坊",{"en":1058,"zh":1059},"Workshops on Chinese incense culture (香文化): aromatic materials, traditional ways of preparing and appreciating incense, and incense as calm attention.","香文化活動與工作坊：認識香材、傳統制香與品香方式，在一爐香中練習安靜與專注。",{"id":1061,"uuid":1062,"slug":1063,"available_locales":1064,"name":1065,"description":1068,"body":1071,"path":1074,"images":1075,"image_urls":1076,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":1077,"seo_description":1079,"sort_order":983,"is_active":936,"status":937,"created_at":1080,"updated_at":939},11,"c39cc557-40eb-4266-9736-7fb84891d407","i-ching-learning",[908,909,910],{"en":1066,"zh":1067},"I Ching Learning","易經課程",{"en":1069,"zh":1070},"Explore the I Ching through its hexagrams, traditional interpretive methods and historical context, with scope and limitations made explicit.","通過卦象、傳統解讀方法與歷史語境認識《易經》，並清楚說明其適用範圍與侷限。",{"en":1072,"zh":1073},"\u003Cp>The I Ching 易經 is a classical Chinese text centred on sixty-four hexagrams and a long history of commentary and divination. It has shaped Chinese philosophy, cosmology and metaphysical practice, but its divinatory claims are not established as modern empirical science.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Classes introduce structures, terminology and traditional methods such as Liu Yao while distinguishing cultural study from evidence. Readings should be treated as prompts for reflection, not guarantees, diagnoses or substitutes for professional advice.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>《易經》是一部以六十四卦為核心的中國經典，形成了悠久的註疏與占筮傳統，並深刻影響中國哲學、宇宙觀與術數文化；其占筮主張並非現代經驗科學所證實。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>課程介紹基本結構、術語和六爻等傳統方法，同時區分文化學習與科學證據。解讀宜作為反思線索，不應視為保證、診斷或任何專業意見的替代品。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Fi-ching-learning",[],[],{"en":1078,"zh":1067},"I Ching Classes and Courses",{"en":1069,"zh":1070},"2026-09-08T00:15:35.000000Z",{"id":21,"uuid":1082,"slug":1083,"available_locales":1084,"name":1085,"description":1088,"body":1091,"path":1094,"images":1095,"image_urls":1096,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":1097,"seo_description":1100,"sort_order":242,"is_active":936,"status":937,"created_at":1103,"updated_at":939},"ee2330c6-5a3e-4ac2-a2d1-1a0dc110c58c","traditional-arts-crafts",[908,909,910],{"en":1086,"zh":1087},"Traditional Arts & Crafts","傳統藝術與手作",{"en":1089,"zh":1090},"Hands-on workshops exploring Chinese handicrafts and decorative arts through guided making and cultural appreciation.","通過親手製作與文化欣賞，體驗中國傳統手作及裝飾藝術。",{"en":1092,"zh":1093},"\u003Cp>Discover practical workshops in Chinese decorative arts and handcraft traditions. Activities may include gold-leaf painting, cloisonné enamel, mother-of-pearl work, Song brocade and other guided projects.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>These welcoming sessions introduce materials, techniques and cultural context while allowing participants to complete a piece of their own.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>本類別彙集中國傳統裝飾藝術與手作體驗，內容可涵蓋金箔畫、掐絲琺琅、螺鈿工藝、宋錦及其他創作專案。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>課程以輕鬆易懂的方式介紹材料、技法與文化背景，讓參加者在導師帶領下完成屬於自己的作品。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Ftraditional-arts-crafts",[],[],{"en":1098,"zh":1099},"Traditional Arts & Crafts Events","傳統藝術與手作活動",{"en":1101,"zh":1102},"Explore Chinese handicraft and decorative arts workshops, including gold-leaf, cloisonné, mother-of-pearl and brocade.","探索金箔畫、掐絲琺琅、螺鈿、宋錦等中國傳統手作及裝飾藝術體驗。","2026-08-16T19:24:04.000000Z",{"id":212,"uuid":1105,"slug":1106,"available_locales":1107,"name":1108,"description":1111,"body":1114,"path":1117,"images":1118,"image_urls":1119,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":1120,"seo_description":1122,"sort_order":247,"is_active":936,"status":937,"created_at":1125,"updated_at":939},"824f78c1-1181-4983-bae5-77e7cdbbbc1d","wudang-community",[908,909,910],{"en":1109,"zh":1110},"Wudang Community","武當社群活動",{"en":1112,"zh":1113},"Talks, broadcasts and community gatherings connecting people with Wudang culture, learning and living practice.","通過講座、直播與社群聚會，連線武當文化、學習與日常實踐。",{"en":1115,"zh":1116},"\u003Cp>Wudang Community brings together public talks, livestreams, gatherings and shared cultural activities connected with Wudang.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>These programmes create welcoming ways to meet practitioners, explore ideas and participate in a growing community of learning and practice.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>武當社群活動彙集與武當文化相關的公開講座、直播、聚會及共享文化體驗。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>這些活動以友善開放的方式連線練習者與學習者，讓大家交流心得、認識傳統，並共同參與持續發展的文化社群。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Fwudang-community",[],[],{"en":1121,"zh":1110},"Wudang Community Events",{"en":1123,"zh":1124},"Discover Wudang community talks, broadcasts and gatherings connecting people with culture, learning and living practice.","探索連線武當文化、學習與日常實踐的講座、直播及社群聚會。","2026-08-16T19:24:18.000000Z",{"id":16,"uuid":1127,"slug":1128,"available_locales":1129,"name":1130,"description":1133,"body":1134,"path":1135,"images":1136,"image_urls":1137,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":1138,"seo_description":1141,"sort_order":69,"is_active":936,"status":937,"created_at":1144,"updated_at":939},"25641c0b-8e5a-46d7-9b18-95c344015f97","wudang-journeys-retreats",[908,909,910],{"en":1131,"zh":1132},"Wudang Journeys & Retreats","武當旅修與行程",[],[],"\u002Fevents\u002Fwudang-journeys-retreats",[],[],{"en":1139,"zh":1140},"Wudang Mountain Retreats and Guided Journeys","武當山旅修與靜修行程",{"en":1142,"zh":1143},"Guided journeys and retreats to Wudang Mountain that combine practice, temple visits and cultural learning, with itineraries and expectations set out clearly.","前往武當山的旅修與靜修：結合修習、宮觀參訪與文化學習，提前說明行程安排與參加須知。","2026-08-18T11:09:38.000000Z",{"data":1146},{"hero_type":1147,"hero_image":1148,"hero_image_alt":1149,"hero_youtube_id":1150,"hero_content_on":936,"hero_heading":1151,"hero_subheading":1152,"hero_text":1153,"hero_subheading_zh":1154,"hero_text_zh":1155,"hero_buttons":1156,"home_seo":1162,"page_layout":1168,"shop_enabled":1169,"contact":1170,"journey":1186},"image","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fsite\u002Fwudanghomepagehero.webp","Wudang mountain temple in mist","VgirFbjpiy4","武當文化，道在日常\nWudang Culture, Practised with Purpose","A place for learning. A home for living culture.","Explore Taoist thought, internal arts, literati traditions and Wudang Mountain through grounded learning in Singapore and beyond.","這裡既是學習之地，也是讓文化融入日常的所在。","從道家思想、內家武術、文人雅藝與武當山出發，以清晰、踏實的方式，在新加坡及世界各地認識和體驗武當文化。",[1157,1159],{"label":1158,"link":278},"Start Your Wudang Journey",{"label":1160,"link":1161},"View Events & Courses","\u002Fevents",{"title":1163,"description":1165},{"en":1164,"zh":3},"Wudang Mountain: Tai Chi, Qigong & Taoist Culture",{"en":1166,"zh":1167},"Explore Wudang Mountain through Tai Chi, Qigong, Daoist philosophy, martial arts, traditional arts, wellness, culture and everyday life in Wudang.","從太極、氣功、道家思想、武術、傳統雅藝與養生文化認識武當山，探索武當文化及武當山的日常生活。","sidebar",false,{"methods":1171,"has_any":936,"text":1179},{"email":1172,"whatsapp":1173,"wechat_id":1174,"wechat_qr_url":1175,"instagram":1176,"instagram_handle":1177,"facebook":1178,"facebook_handle":1177},"hello@wudang.org","+6588169599","Cldjcll0305","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fcontact\u002Fkcs9Z5IEY7CugW2mEYA8.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.instagram.com\u002Fleewudang.sg","@leewudang.sg","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fleewudang.sg\u002F",{"china_heading_en":1180,"china_heading_zh":1181,"china_company_en":1182,"china_company_zh":1183,"china_address_en":1184,"china_address_zh":1185},"China Operations","中國運營","Xunwei Wudang Co., Ltd.","尋味武當有限公司","No. 72 Jianhe 2nd Road, Wangjiayuan, Wudang Mountain, Shiyan, Hubei, China","湖北省十堰市武當山王家園劍河二路72號",{"title_en":3,"title_zh":3,"intro_en":3,"intro_zh":3,"enabled":936},{"data":1188},{"to":409,"type":1189,"available_locales":1190,"is_content_page":936,"title":1191,"subtitle":1192,"body":1195,"hero_image_url":1198,"hero_width":1199,"hero_height":1200,"hero_image_alt":1201,"hero_image_decorative":1169,"hero_credit":1204,"hero_alt":1211,"hero_style":1212,"card_layout":1213,"link_type":3,"link_ref":3,"seo_title":1214,"seo_description":1217,"children":1220},"page",[908,909,910],{"en":410,"zh":411},{"en":1193,"zh":1194},"Read private libraries through collecting, architecture, catalogues, provenance, access, dispersal and institutional afterlives.","從聚書、建築、目錄、遞藏、使用、流散與現代機構收藏，理解中國藏書樓。",{"en":1196,"zh":1197},"\u003Ch2>A \u003Cem>cangshulou\u003C\u002Fem> was a collection, a room and a household project\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>“Private library” needs historical qualification\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>藏書樓 (\u003Cem>cángshūlóu\u003C\u002Fem>) literally suggests a building for storing books, but the term can point to more than architecture. It may name a collection, its dedicated rooms, or a household enterprise organized by one or several generations. “Private library” is convenient only if we do not imagine a modern public lending service. Begin with our \u003Ca href=\"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\">Chinese literature reading paths\u003C\u002Fa>, then ask who gathered the books, who could enter, and which tasks kept the collection usable.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3>Collecting was selection, not neutral accumulation\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>Books arrived through purchase, copying, gifts, inheritance and exchange. Money mattered, but so did proximity to book markets, scholarly contacts and the collector’s interests. A collection might emphasize classics, local writings, medical works, rare editions or working reference books. Its shelves therefore preserve choices and opportunities, not a complete map of knowledge. The absence of a title may reflect taste, cost, loss or a gap in the surviving evidence.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>Collections were assembled across regions and generations\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>Continuity depended on many acts of transfer\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>A Peking University study of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Frkyfz.pku.edu.cn\u002Farticle\u002Finfo?aid=286659985\">private collecting in the Yuan period\u003C\u002Fa> follows collectors who preserved and transmitted earlier editions while also building new holdings. Such evidence discourages a single golden-age story. Chinese book collecting developed through repeated moments of acquisition, copying, dispersal and recovery; the path of an individual copy could cross dynasty, province and household.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3>The physical book records repeated care\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>Bindings were replaced, leaves repaired, volumes regrouped and labels renewed. Our guide to \u003Ca href=\"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-thread-bound-books-folding-stitching-reading\">Chinese thread-bound books\u003C\u002Fa> explains why the form visible today may be much later than the printed or manuscript leaves inside. Repair can enable survival while obscuring an earlier arrangement. Condition is thus historical evidence, not merely a measure of beauty or value.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>Architecture managed risk rather than guaranteeing safety\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>Storage separated books from some everyday hazards\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>Dedicated rooms or buildings could limit handling, organize shelving and reduce exposure to kitchens, lamps and crowded living areas. Official accounts of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fzjt.hubei.gov.cn\u002Fbmdt\u002Fztzl\u002Fhbcjda\u002Fdayd\u002F201910\u002Ft20191028_81974.shtml\">historic Chinese book-storage buildings\u003C\u002Fa> discuss Tianyi Pavilion’s siting and fire-conscious design. Those details belong to a particular building history, not a universal blueprint: many collections occupied adapted domestic spaces, and surviving examples are an unusually fortunate sample.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3>Tianyi Pavilion is an exceptional case, not the definition\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>Fan Qin (1506–1585) established the Tianyi collection in Ningbo during the Ming. The institution’s \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nopss.gov.cn\u002Fn1\u002F2019\u002F0312\u002Fc373410-30971790.html\">official research history\u003C\u002Fa> and \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fnbtygyh.haishu.gov.cn\u002Fsight_1.html\">site description\u003C\u002Fa> document family stewardship, architecture and later preservation. Its long survival makes it invaluable, but also atypical. One should not project its plan, family rules or present museum form onto every cangshulou.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>Catalogues turned shelves into arguments about knowledge\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>A catalogue is an intellectual map\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>Late-imperial private catalogues grouped titles, named editions, added judgments and sometimes recorded missing or incomplete volumes. A Brill study of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbrill.com\u002Fedcollchap-oa\u002Fbook\u002F9789004542969\u002FBP000026.xml?language=en\">library catalogues in late imperial China\u003C\u002Fa> identifies 167 known Ming private-library catalogues, of which 48 survive in full manuscript or print. The imbalance is itself evidence: catalogues, like books, were vulnerable, and the surviving corpus cannot represent all collectors evenly.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3>A list is not a photograph of one day’s shelves\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>Catalogues may combine inherited entries, desired titles and records made at different moments. Books could be loaned, sold, lost or acquired after compilation. Classification also interprets: placing a title among classics, histories, masters or collections makes a claim about how it should be read. Compare \u003Ca href=\"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-leishu-classified-books-excerpts-knowledge\">classified books\u003C\u002Fa> and \u003Ca href=\"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-dictionaries-rhyme-books-erya-shuowen-qieyun-guangyun\">dictionaries and rhyme books\u003C\u002Fa> to see how ordering systems answer different scholarly needs.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cfigure>\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fpages\u002FaYVd8zqxIjTrZFogv4Yr.webp\" alt=\"Overhead conceptual photograph of four blank modern facsimile book blocks in archival cradles, with blank catalogue cards branching between conservation tools.\" loading=\"lazy\">\u003Cfigcaption>AI-generated conceptual conservation-table still life. Blank facsimiles and cards visualize cataloguing and provenance; they are not historical books, collector records or documentary evidence.\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\u003Ch2>Marks of ownership help reconstruct a book’s itinerary\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>Seals, inscriptions and notes are evidence with limits\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>A collector’s seal, handwritten collation note, shelf label or repair annotation can connect a copy to a person and practice. Prefaces and afterwords may also explain acquisition or transmission; our guide to \u003Ca href=\"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-prefaces-afterwords-xu-ba-books-texts-readers\">Chinese \u003Cem>xu\u003C\u002Fem> and \u003Cem>ba\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fa> shows how such framing texts address future readers. Yet one mark supplies one point, not a complete chain. Seals can be copied, added late or misread, and an unmarked book may still have travelled widely.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3>Modern cataloguing makes provenance searchable\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>Cataloguers compare edition, paper, printing, bindings, annotations and previous descriptions. Princeton University Library’s account of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Flibrary.princeton.edu\u002Fabout\u002Flibrary-news\u002F2022\u002Finside-chronicle-cataloging-chinese-rare-books-princeton-history\">cataloguing Chinese rare books\u003C\u002Fa> shows how copy-specific features become structured records rather than decorative curiosities. Digital images widen comparison, but do not replace examination of paper, ink, sewing and erased or hidden marks.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>Protection and circulation pulled in opposite directions\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>Restriction could preserve a collection and narrow its public\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>Household rules might limit removal, division or borrowing because a lost volume was hard to replace. Such controls could strengthen continuity while excluding readers without family or scholarly connections. The cangshulou should therefore not be romanticized as an open republic of letters. Access was negotiated through kinship, reputation, patronage and trust, and women’s or non-elite reading is often less visible in the surviving records.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3>Copying, lending and printing let texts travel\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>Even guarded collections could support circulation when visitors copied a rare work, collated another edition or prepared a text for printing. An anthology can detach selected pieces from their earlier setting; our guide to \u003Ca href=\"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-poetry-anthologies-canon-transmission\">Chinese poetry anthologies\u003C\u002Fa> traces that productive loss of context. Preservation and access were never simple opposites: careful use could reproduce a text, while unlimited movement could scatter the collection that explained it.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>Fire, war, insects, inheritance and markets reshaped collections\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>Dispersal destroyed contexts but sometimes opened new routes\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>Collections suffered fire, damp, insects, conflict, theft, family division and forced sale. When volumes entered the market, the original shelf order and household record could vanish. Yet some copies then reached another collector or an institution that preserved them. “Lost collection” and “surviving book” can therefore describe the same event from different scales; survival must not be confused with an intact library.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3>Texts themselves also changed after leaving the shelf\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>A later owner might collate, reprint, excerpt or punctuate a work. Our guides to \u003Ca href=\"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-individual-collected-works-bieji-authors-editors-transmission\">individual collected works\u003C\u002Fa> and \u003Ca href=\"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-texts-punctuation-reading-marks-sentence-division-modern-editions\">punctuation and reading marks\u003C\u002Fa> show why a transmitted text is never only its author’s first act. Collectors, editors and readers all leave decisions that modern editions may silently regularize.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>Private collections acquired institutional afterlives\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>Modern libraries often grew from multiple dispersed holdings\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>A Shandong University essay on \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhmd.sdu.edu.cn\u002Finfo\u002F1015\u002F1146.htm\">late-Qing private collections\u003C\u002Fa> follows major holdings into twentieth-century public institutions, while Zhejiang University’s account of \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zju.edu.cn\u002F2017\u002F0622\u002Fc33231a1515582\u002Fpagem.htm\">the provenance of its rare books\u003C\u002Fa> records purchases and donations from named collections. These are not stories of a seamless handover: selection, sale, political change and recataloguing altered the original wholes. Institutional custody created new access and new descriptions.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3>Eight questions turn a famous name into a research path\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>Ask: (1) who formed the collection, and when? (2) how were books acquired? (3) where were they stored? (4) who could consult or borrow them? (5) what does the catalogue classify or omit? (6) which seals and notes belong to this copy? (7) when was it repaired, recopied or reprinted? (8) how did it reach its present custodian? Those questions connect the cangshulou to the \u003Ca href=\"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-academies-shuyuan-books-teaching-ritual-landscape\">academy\u003C\u002Fa> without confusing a household collection with a teaching institution.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Ch2>“藏書樓”既是收藏，也是空間與家族事業\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>“私人圖書館”只是需要限定的譯法\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>“藏書樓”字面上是收藏書籍的樓屋，實際卻可能同時指一批藏書、專門書室，或由一代乃至數代經營的家族事業。把它譯作“私人圖書館”固然方便，卻不能套用現代公共借閱機構的想像。可先從本站的\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fzh\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\">中國文學閱讀路徑\u003C\u002Fa>出發，再追問誰在聚書、誰能進入，又有哪些勞動使書保持可讀。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3>收藏是選擇，不是中性的堆積\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>書籍可由購買、抄寫、贈送、繼承與交換而來。財力固然重要，書市遠近、學術交往與個人興趣同樣關鍵。藏書可能偏重經學、地方文獻、醫書、善本，或日用的工具書。因此，書架儲存的是取捨與機緣，並非知識的完整地圖。缺少某書，可能因為趣味、價格、散佚，也可能只是材料沒有儲存。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>藏書在不同地域與世代之間累積\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>延續依賴一次次轉移\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>北京大學關於\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Frkyfz.pku.edu.cn\u002Farticle\u002Finfo?aid=286659985\">元代私家藏書\u003C\u002Fa>的研究，討論收藏家怎樣儲存、傳遞前代版本，並建立新的收藏。它提醒我們不要只講一個“黃金時代”。中國藏書史由購買、抄寫、流散與復歸不斷組成；一部書的行程可能跨越朝代、省份和家族。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3>書籍形態記錄著多次照料\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>書衣會更換，書葉會修補，冊次會重編，題簽也會更新。本站的\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fzh\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-thread-bound-books-folding-stitching-reading\">中國線裝書導讀\u003C\u002Fa>說明，今天看到的裝訂可能遠晚於其中的刻印或抄寫書葉。修補使書得以延續，卻也可能遮蔽早期形態。因此，品相不僅關乎美觀與價格，本身也是歷史證據。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>建築只能管理風險，不能保證安全\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>專門空間把書與部分日常危險分開\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>書室或獨立樓屋可以限制翻動、安排書架，並減少廚房、燈火和擁擠起居的影響。關於\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fzjt.hubei.gov.cn\u002Fbmdt\u002Fztzl\u002Fhbcjda\u002Fdayd\u002F201910\u002Ft20191028_81974.shtml\">中國古代藏書建築\u003C\u002Fa>的官方資料，討論了天一閣的選址與防火考慮。但這些細節屬於一處具體建築的歷史，並非通用圖紙；許多收藏設在改造後的住宅，今天仍存的例項本來就是幸運的少數。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3>天一閣是特殊個案，不是“藏書樓”的定義\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>明代範欽（1506—1585）在寧波建立天一閣藏書。有關天一閣的\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.nopss.gov.cn\u002Fn1\u002F2019\u002F0312\u002Fc373410-30971790.html\">官方研究綜述\u003C\u002Fa>和\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fnbtygyh.haishu.gov.cn\u002Fsight_1.html\">景區介紹\u003C\u002Fa>，記錄了家族管理、建築與後來的保護。其長久儲存極具價值，也正因如此並不典型；不能把它的格局、家規或今天的博物館狀態投射到所有藏書樓。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>目錄把書架變成關於知識的論述\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>目錄是一幅思想地圖\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>明清私家目錄會分類書名、辨別版本、附加評價，有時還註明殘缺。Brill 出版的\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fbrill.com\u002Fedcollchap-oa\u002Fbook\u002F9789004542969\u002FBP000026.xml?language=en\">晚期帝制中國藏書目錄研究\u003C\u002Fa>統計，已知明代私家藏書目錄 167 種，其中 48 種以完整抄本或刻本傳世。數量落差本身就是證據：目錄與書籍同樣脆弱，現存材料不能均勻代表所有收藏家。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3>書目不是某一天書架的照片\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>目錄可能合併舊錄、擬購書目與不同時期的記錄；編成之後，書還會借出、出售、遺失或添入。分類也在解釋：把某書列入經、史、子、集的哪一部，就是對閱讀方式的判斷。可對照本站的\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fzh\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-leishu-classified-books-excerpts-knowledge\">類書\u003C\u002Fa>與\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fzh\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-dictionaries-rhyme-books-erya-shuowen-qieyun-guangyun\">字書韻書\u003C\u002Fa>導讀，看不同編排怎樣服務不同的求知需要。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cfigure>\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fpages\u002FaYVd8zqxIjTrZFogv4Yr.webp\" alt=\"頂視概念照片：四冊封面空白的現代仿製書放在儲存托架中，空白目錄卡在保護工具之間分叉連線。\" loading=\"lazy\">\u003Cfigcaption>AI 生成的概念性文保工作臺靜物。空白仿製書與卡片用於表現目錄和遞藏關係；它們不是歷史古籍、藏家檔案或紀實證據。\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\u003Ch2>遞藏痕跡幫助重建一部書的行程\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>印記、題識與批註都是有限的證據\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>藏書印、校勘題記、架籤或修補記錄，可以把某一部書與特定人物、行為聯絡起來。序跋也可能交代得書與流傳；本站的\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fzh\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-prefaces-afterwords-xu-ba-books-texts-readers\">中國序跋導讀\u003C\u002Fa>說明這些文字怎樣面向後來的讀者。但一方印只提供一個節點，並不是完整鏈條。印章可能仿刻、晚加或被誤讀；沒有印記的書，也可能經歷複雜流轉。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3>現代編目讓版本與遞藏可以檢索\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>編目人員會比較版本、紙張、刻印、裝訂、批註與舊著錄。普林斯頓大學圖書館關於\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Flibrary.princeton.edu\u002Fabout\u002Flibrary-news\u002F2022\u002Finside-chronicle-cataloging-chinese-rare-books-princeton-history\">中國古籍編目\u003C\u002Fa>的介紹，展示了怎樣把一部書獨有的特徵轉化為結構化記錄，而不只當作裝飾性奇觀。數字影像便於遠端比較，卻不能取代對紙、墨、訂線及被擦除或遮蓋痕跡的實物檢查。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>保護與流通之間始終存在張力\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>限制可以保全藏書，也會縮小讀者範圍\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>家規可能限制攜書出門、分割收藏或隨意借閱，因為遺失一冊往往難以補配。這類制度有助於延續，也排除了缺少家族或學術關係的讀者。因此，不應把藏書樓浪漫化為人人開放的學術共和國。使用權常取決於親緣、聲望、贊助與信任，女性和非精英讀者也較少出現在現存記錄中。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3>抄寫、借閱與刊印讓文本越過門牆\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>即使管理嚴格，訪客仍可能抄錄罕見文本、校對異本，或據藏本付梓。選本會把作品從舊語境中抽離；本站的\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fzh\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-poetry-anthologies-canon-transmission\">中國詩歌選本導讀\u003C\u002Fa>追蹤這種既有損失又有創造的過程。保護與開放從來不是簡單對立：審慎使用能再造文本，無限制流動則可能拆散能夠解釋它的收藏整體。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>火災、兵亂、蟲害、繼承與市場重塑藏書\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>流散破壞舊語境，也可能開啟新的存續路徑\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>藏書會受火、水、蟲、戰亂、盜竊、析產和被迫出售影響。書籍進入市場之後，原來的架位與家族記錄可能消失；但也有書因此進入另一位藏家或公共機構，繼續儲存。“藏書散失”與“書本倖存”可能是同一事件在不同尺度上的描述，不能把書還在就等同於藏書樓完整延續。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3>文本離開書架之後也繼續變化\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>後來的主人可能校勘、重刻、摘錄或重新句讀。本站的\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fzh\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-individual-collected-works-bieji-authors-editors-transmission\">別集\u003C\u002Fa>和\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fzh\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-texts-punctuation-reading-marks-sentence-division-modern-editions\">句讀標點\u003C\u002Fa>導讀提醒我們，傳世文本從來不只是一位作者最初的行動；收藏家、編者和讀者留下的判斷，也可能被現代版本悄然規整。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>私家藏書進入現代機構後的“後半生”\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>公共圖書館往往由多批流散藏書匯成\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>山東大學關於\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zhmd.sdu.edu.cn\u002Finfo\u002F1015\u002F1146.htm\">晚清私家藏書\u003C\u002Fa>的文章，追蹤重要收藏進入二十世紀公共機構的過程；浙江大學的\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.zju.edu.cn\u002F2017\u002F0622\u002Fc33231a1515582\u002Fpagem.htm\">古籍來源介紹\u003C\u002Fa>也記載了從不同藏書家購買、受贈的書籍。這並不是完整收藏無縫移交的故事：選擇、出售、政治變遷和重新編目都會改變舊有整體。機構儲存帶來了新的開放，也帶來新的描述。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3>八個問題把名樓變成研究路徑\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>可以依次追問：（1）誰在何時建立收藏？（2）書從哪裡來？（3）存放在哪裡？（4）誰能查閱或借走？（5）目錄怎樣分類，又漏掉什麼？（6）這部書上的印記與題識屬於誰？（7）何時修補、轉抄或重刻？（8）怎樣進入今天的收藏機構？這些問題可把藏書樓與\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fzh\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-academies-shuyuan-books-teaching-ritual-landscape\">書院\u003C\u002Fa>聯絡起來，又不會把家族收藏誤當成教學機構。\u003C\u002Fp>","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fpages\u002FXqzJVGjw0D4oBdBfxb61.webp",1536,1024,{"en":1202,"zh":1203},"An anonymous modern conservator, seen from behind, examines a blank thread-bound volume in a warm invented rare-book reading room.","一位不具名的當代文保人員背向鏡頭，在暖色調的虛構古籍閱覽室中檢視一本封面空白的線裝書。",{"caption":1205,"creator":1206,"source_url":1207,"license_label":1208,"license_url":1209,"changes":1210},"AI 生成的概念性古籍閱覽室；並非真實圖書館、遺產建築、人物或事件記錄。","OpenAI","https:\u002F\u002Fopenai.com\u002F","AI-generated image","https:\u002F\u002Fopenai.com\u002Fpolicies\u002Fterms-of-use\u002F","為本文獨立生成；僅轉換為 WebP，未合成其他影像。",{"en":1202,"zh":1203},"banner","list",{"en":1215,"zh":1216},"Chinese Private Libraries: Cangshulou, Catalogues and Book Survival","中國藏書樓導讀：目錄、遞藏與典籍延續",{"en":1218,"zh":1219},"Explore Chinese cangshulou through collecting, storage architecture, catalogues, ownership marks, access, dispersal and the institutional lives of books.","從聚書、藏書建築、目錄、藏書印、閱讀許可權、流散與機構收藏，理解中國藏書樓及典籍延續。",[],{"data":1222},[1223,1299,1400,1491],{"id":1224,"slug":1225,"available_locales":1226,"path":1227,"title":1228,"venue":1231,"hero_image_url":3,"card_image_url":1234,"card_landscape_url":1235,"lifecycle":1236,"session_mode":1237,"sessions":1238,"next_session":1298},15601,"liu-yao-beginner-course",[908,909,910],"\u002Fevents\u002Fi-ching-learning\u002Fliu-yao-beginner-course",{"en":1229,"zh":1230},"Liu Yao Beginner 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2026","2026年11月1日","Nov","November",2026,"Sun",{"status":1240,"date_slug":1259,"time_label":1242,"timezone_abbr":1243,"date_label":1260,"date_label_fr":1261,"date_short_fr":1262,"date_only_fr":1263,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1248,"date_label_zh":1264,"date_short":1265,"date_short_zh":1266,"date_only":1267,"date_only_zh":1268,"is_multi_day":1169,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":1269,"month_short":1254,"month_long":1255,"month_num":1061,"year":1256,"weekday_short":1270,"weekday_index":60},"2026-11-21","Saturday, 21 November 2026","samedi 21 novembre 2026","sam. 21 nov.","21 nov. 2026","2026年11月21日 星期六","Sat 21 Nov","11月21日 週六","21 Nov 2026","2026年11月21日",21,"Sat",{"status":1240,"date_slug":1272,"time_label":1242,"timezone_abbr":1243,"date_label":1273,"date_label_fr":1274,"date_short_fr":1275,"date_only_fr":1276,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1248,"date_label_zh":1277,"date_short":1278,"date_short_zh":1279,"date_only":1280,"date_only_zh":1281,"is_multi_day":1169,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":147,"month_short":1282,"month_long":1283,"month_num":147,"year":1256,"weekday_short":1270,"weekday_index":60},"2026-12-12","Saturday, 12 December 2026","samedi 12 décembre 2026","sam. 12 déc.","12 déc. 2026","2026年12月12日 星期六","Sat 12 Dec","12月12日 週六","12 Dec 2026","2026年12月12日","Dec","December",{"status":1240,"date_slug":1285,"time_label":1242,"timezone_abbr":1243,"date_label":1286,"date_label_fr":1287,"date_short_fr":1288,"date_only_fr":1289,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1248,"date_label_zh":1290,"date_short":1291,"date_short_zh":1292,"date_only":1293,"date_only_zh":1294,"is_multi_day":1169,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":137,"month_short":1295,"month_long":1296,"month_num":38,"year":1297,"weekday_short":1257,"weekday_index":935},"2027-01-17","Sunday, 17 January 2027","dimanche 17 janvier 2027","dim. 17 janv.","17 janv. 2027","2027年1月17日 星期日","Sun 17 Jan","1月17日 週日","17 Jan 2027","2027年1月17日","Jan","January",2027,{"status":1240,"date_slug":1241,"time_label":1242,"timezone_abbr":1243,"date_label":1244,"date_label_fr":1245,"date_short_fr":1246,"date_only_fr":1247,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1248,"date_label_zh":1249,"date_short":1250,"date_short_zh":1251,"date_only":1252,"date_only_zh":1253,"is_multi_day":1169,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":38,"month_short":1254,"month_long":1255,"month_num":1061,"year":1256,"weekday_short":1257,"weekday_index":935},{"id":1300,"slug":1301,"available_locales":1302,"path":1303,"title":1304,"venue":1307,"hero_image_url":1308,"card_image_url":1308,"card_landscape_url":1309,"lifecycle":1236,"session_mode":1237,"sessions":1310,"next_session":1399},78700,"baduanjin-workshop-september",[908,909,910],"\u002Fevents\u002Finternal-arts-wellness\u002Fbaduanjin-workshop-september",{"en":1305,"zh":1306},"Baduanjin Workshop — November 2026 Sessions","古法八段錦 · 2026年11月班",{"en":1232,"zh":1233},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FWU46jadRUq4I84xPdaTQ.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002Fvariants\u002FCQB6xxmg8kF7eqWPQgAl-16x9.webp",[1311,1328,1340,1353,1364,1365,1376,1387],{"status":1312,"date_slug":1313,"time_label":1314,"timezone_abbr":1243,"date_label":1315,"date_label_fr":1316,"date_short_fr":1317,"date_only_fr":1318,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1319,"date_label_zh":1320,"date_short":1321,"date_short_zh":1322,"date_only":1323,"date_only_zh":1324,"is_multi_day":1169,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":1325,"month_short":1326,"month_long":1327,"month_num":16,"year":1256,"weekday_short":1257,"weekday_index":935},"completed","2026-09-13","10:00am–12:00pm","Sunday, 13 September 2026","dimanche 13 septembre 2026","dim. 13 sept.","13 sept. 2026","10:00–12:00","2026年9月13日 星期日","Sun 13 Sep","9月13日 週日","13 Sep 2026","2026年9月13日",13,"Sep","September",{"status":1312,"date_slug":1329,"time_label":1314,"timezone_abbr":1243,"date_label":1330,"date_label_fr":1331,"date_short_fr":1332,"date_only_fr":1333,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1319,"date_label_zh":1334,"date_short":1335,"date_short_zh":1336,"date_only":1337,"date_only_zh":1338,"is_multi_day":1169,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":1339,"month_short":1326,"month_long":1327,"month_num":16,"year":1256,"weekday_short":1257,"weekday_index":935},"2026-09-27","Sunday, 27 September 2026","dimanche 27 septembre 2026","dim. 27 sept.","27 sept. 2026","2026年9月27日 星期日","Sun 27 Sep","9月27日 週日","27 Sep 2026","2026年9月27日",27,{"status":1312,"date_slug":1341,"time_label":1314,"timezone_abbr":1243,"date_label":1342,"date_label_fr":1343,"date_short_fr":1344,"date_only_fr":1345,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1319,"date_label_zh":1346,"date_short":1347,"date_short_zh":1348,"date_only":1349,"date_only_zh":1350,"is_multi_day":1169,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":247,"month_short":1351,"month_long":1352,"month_num":964,"year":1256,"weekday_short":1257,"weekday_index":935},"2026-10-04","Sunday, 4 October 2026","dimanche 4 octobre 2026","dim. 4 oct.","4 oct. 2026","2026年10月4日 星期日","Sun 4 Oct","10月4日 週日","4 Oct 2026","2026年10月4日","Oct","October",{"status":1312,"date_slug":1354,"time_label":1314,"timezone_abbr":1243,"date_label":1355,"date_label_fr":1356,"date_short_fr":1357,"date_only_fr":1358,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1319,"date_label_zh":1359,"date_short":1360,"date_short_zh":1361,"date_only":1362,"date_only_zh":1363,"is_multi_day":1169,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":1061,"month_short":1351,"month_long":1352,"month_num":964,"year":1256,"weekday_short":1257,"weekday_index":935},"2026-10-11","Sunday, 11 October 2026","dimanche 11 octobre 2026","dim. 11 oct.","11 oct. 2026","2026年10月11日 星期日","Sun 11 Oct","10月11日 週日","11 Oct 2026","2026年10月11日",{"status":1240,"date_slug":1241,"time_label":1314,"timezone_abbr":1243,"date_label":1244,"date_label_fr":1245,"date_short_fr":1246,"date_only_fr":1247,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1319,"date_label_zh":1249,"date_short":1250,"date_short_zh":1251,"date_only":1252,"date_only_zh":1253,"is_multi_day":1169,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":38,"month_short":1254,"month_long":1255,"month_num":1061,"year":1256,"weekday_short":1257,"weekday_index":935},{"status":1240,"date_slug":1366,"time_label":1314,"timezone_abbr":1243,"date_label":1367,"date_label_fr":1368,"date_short_fr":1369,"date_only_fr":1370,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1319,"date_label_zh":1371,"date_short":1372,"date_short_zh":1373,"date_only":1374,"date_only_zh":1375,"is_multi_day":1169,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":212,"month_short":1254,"month_long":1255,"month_num":1061,"year":1256,"weekday_short":1257,"weekday_index":935},"2026-11-08","Sunday, 8 November 2026","dimanche 8 novembre 2026","dim. 8 nov.","8 nov. 2026","2026年11月8日 星期日","Sun 8 Nov","11月8日 週日","8 Nov 2026","2026年11月8日",{"status":1240,"date_slug":1377,"time_label":1314,"timezone_abbr":1243,"date_label":1378,"date_label_fr":1379,"date_short_fr":1380,"date_only_fr":1381,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1319,"date_label_zh":1382,"date_short":1383,"date_short_zh":1384,"date_only":1385,"date_only_zh":1386,"is_multi_day":1169,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":152,"month_short":1254,"month_long":1255,"month_num":1061,"year":1256,"weekday_short":1257,"weekday_index":935},"2026-11-15","Sunday, 15 November 2026","dimanche 15 novembre 2026","dim. 15 nov.","15 nov. 2026","2026年11月15日 星期日","Sun 15 Nov","11月15日 週日","15 Nov 2026","2026年11月15日",{"status":1240,"date_slug":1388,"time_label":1314,"timezone_abbr":1243,"date_label":1389,"date_label_fr":1390,"date_short_fr":1391,"date_only_fr":1392,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1319,"date_label_zh":1393,"date_short":1394,"date_short_zh":1395,"date_only":1396,"date_only_zh":1397,"is_multi_day":1169,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":1398,"month_short":1254,"month_long":1255,"month_num":1061,"year":1256,"weekday_short":1257,"weekday_index":935},"2026-11-22","Sunday, 22 November 2026","dimanche 22 novembre 2026","dim. 22 nov.","22 nov. 2026","2026年11月22日 星期日","Sun 22 Nov","11月22日 週日","22 Nov 2026","2026年11月22日",22,{"status":1240,"date_slug":1241,"time_label":1314,"timezone_abbr":1243,"date_label":1244,"date_label_fr":1245,"date_short_fr":1246,"date_only_fr":1247,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1319,"date_label_zh":1249,"date_short":1250,"date_short_zh":1251,"date_only":1252,"date_only_zh":1253,"is_multi_day":1169,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":38,"month_short":1254,"month_long":1255,"month_num":1061,"year":1256,"weekday_short":1257,"weekday_index":935},{"id":1401,"slug":1402,"available_locales":1403,"path":1404,"title":1405,"venue":1408,"hero_image_url":3,"card_image_url":1409,"card_landscape_url":1410,"lifecycle":1236,"session_mode":1237,"sessions":1411,"next_session":1490},11823,"i-ching-beginner-course-singapore",[908,909],"\u002Fevents\u002Fi-ching-learning\u002Fi-ching-beginner-course-singapore",{"en":1406,"zh":1407},"I Ching Beginner Course in 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2026","2026年10月19日","19–24 Oct 2026","2026年10月19日–24日","Mon",{"status":1240,"date_slug":1430,"time_label":1414,"timezone_abbr":1243,"date_label":1431,"date_label_fr":1432,"date_short_fr":1433,"date_only_fr":1434,"date_range_label_fr":1435,"time_label_fr":1420,"date_label_zh":1436,"date_short":1437,"date_short_zh":1438,"date_only":1439,"date_only_zh":1440,"is_multi_day":936,"date_range_label":1441,"date_range_label_zh":1442,"day_of_month":1443,"month_short":1254,"month_long":1255,"month_num":1061,"year":1256,"weekday_short":1428,"weekday_index":38},"2026-11-16","Monday, 16 November 2026","lundi 16 novembre 2026","lun. 16 nov.","16 nov. 2026","16 nov. 2026 – 21 nov. 2026","2026年11月16日 星期一","Mon 16 Nov","11月16日 週一","16 Nov 2026","2026年11月16日","16–21 Nov 2026","2026年11月16日–21日",16,{"status":1240,"date_slug":1445,"time_label":1414,"timezone_abbr":1243,"date_label":1446,"date_label_fr":1447,"date_short_fr":1448,"date_only_fr":1449,"date_range_label_fr":1450,"time_label_fr":1420,"date_label_zh":1451,"date_short":1452,"date_short_zh":1453,"date_only":1454,"date_only_zh":1455,"is_multi_day":936,"date_range_label":1456,"date_range_label_zh":1457,"day_of_month":1458,"month_short":1282,"month_long":1283,"month_num":147,"year":1256,"weekday_short":1428,"weekday_index":38},"2026-12-14","Monday, 14 December 2026","lundi 14 décembre 2026","lun. 14 déc.","14 déc. 2026","14 déc. 2026 – 19 déc. 2026","2026年12月14日 星期一","Mon 14 Dec","12月14日 週一","14 Dec 2026","2026年12月14日","14–19 Dec 2026","2026年12月14日–19日",14,{"status":1240,"date_slug":1460,"time_label":1414,"timezone_abbr":1243,"date_label":1461,"date_label_fr":1462,"date_short_fr":1463,"date_only_fr":1464,"date_range_label_fr":1465,"time_label_fr":1420,"date_label_zh":1466,"date_short":1467,"date_short_zh":1468,"date_only":1469,"date_only_zh":1470,"is_multi_day":936,"date_range_label":1471,"date_range_label_zh":1472,"day_of_month":1473,"month_short":1295,"month_long":1296,"month_num":38,"year":1297,"weekday_short":1428,"weekday_index":38},"2027-01-18","Monday, 18 January 2027","lundi 18 janvier 2027","lun. 18 janv.","18 janv. 2027","18 janv. 2027 – 23 janv. 2027","2027年1月18日 星期一","Mon 18 Jan","1月18日 週一","18 Jan 2027","2027年1月18日","18–23 Jan 2027","2027年1月18日–23日",18,{"status":1240,"date_slug":1475,"time_label":1414,"timezone_abbr":1243,"date_label":1476,"date_label_fr":1477,"date_short_fr":1478,"date_only_fr":1479,"date_range_label_fr":1480,"time_label_fr":1420,"date_label_zh":1481,"date_short":1482,"date_short_zh":1483,"date_only":1484,"date_only_zh":1485,"is_multi_day":936,"date_range_label":1486,"date_range_label_zh":1487,"day_of_month":152,"month_short":1488,"month_long":1489,"month_num":983,"year":1297,"weekday_short":1428,"weekday_index":38},"2027-02-15","Monday, 15 February 2027","lundi 15 février 2027","lun. 15 févr.","15 févr. 2027","15 févr. 2027 – 20 févr. 2027","2027年2月15日 星期一","Mon 15 Feb","2月15日 週一","15 Feb 2027","2027年2月15日","15–20 Feb 2027","2027年2月15日–20日","Feb","February",{"status":1240,"date_slug":1430,"time_label":1414,"timezone_abbr":1243,"date_label":1431,"date_label_fr":1432,"date_short_fr":1433,"date_only_fr":1434,"date_range_label_fr":1435,"time_label_fr":1420,"date_label_zh":1436,"date_short":1437,"date_short_zh":1438,"date_only":1439,"date_only_zh":1440,"is_multi_day":936,"date_range_label":1441,"date_range_label_zh":1442,"day_of_month":1443,"month_short":1254,"month_long":1255,"month_num":1061,"year":1256,"weekday_short":1428,"weekday_index":38},{"id":1492,"slug":1493,"available_locales":1494,"path":1495,"title":1496,"venue":1499,"hero_image_url":1502,"card_image_url":1502,"card_landscape_url":1503,"lifecycle":1236,"session_mode":1237,"sessions":1504,"next_session":1552},68445,"tai-chi-retreat-camp-singapore",[908,909,910],"\u002Fevents\u002Finternal-arts-wellness\u002Ftai-chi-retreat-camp-singapore",{"en":1497,"zh":1498},"Tai Chi Retreat Camp in Singapore | Lee Wudang 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2026","2026年12月25日–27日",25,{"status":1240,"date_slug":1538,"time_label":1507,"timezone_abbr":1243,"date_label":1539,"date_label_fr":1540,"date_short_fr":1541,"date_only_fr":1542,"date_range_label_fr":1543,"time_label_fr":1513,"date_label_zh":1544,"date_short":1545,"date_short_zh":1546,"date_only":1547,"date_only_zh":1548,"is_multi_day":936,"date_range_label":1549,"date_range_label_zh":1550,"day_of_month":1551,"month_short":1295,"month_long":1296,"month_num":38,"year":1297,"weekday_short":1521,"weekday_index":69},"2027-01-29","Friday, 29 January 2027","vendredi 29 janvier 2027","ven. 29 janv.","29 janv. 2027","29 janv. 2027 – 31 janv. 2027","2027年1月29日 星期五","Fri 29 Jan","1月29日 週五","29 Jan 2027","2027年1月29日","29–31 Jan 2027","2027年1月29日–31日",29,{"status":1240,"date_slug":1506,"time_label":1507,"timezone_abbr":1243,"date_label":1508,"date_label_fr":1509,"date_short_fr":1510,"date_only_fr":1511,"date_range_label_fr":1512,"time_label_fr":1513,"date_label_zh":1514,"date_short":1515,"date_short_zh":1516,"date_only":1517,"date_only_zh":1518,"is_multi_day":936,"date_range_label":1519,"date_range_label_zh":1520,"day_of_month":1339,"month_short":1254,"month_long":1255,"month_num":1061,"year":1256,"weekday_short":1521,"weekday_index":69}]