[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"site-nav-reference-en":3,"site-nav-zh":4,"site-nav-zh-all-arts":289,"event-categories-zh":918,"site-settings":1161,"node-zh-arts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-woodblock-printing-workflow-writing-carving-inking-impressions":1203,"live-course-events":1237},null,{"data":5},{"header":6,"footer":264},[7,51,82,123,161,187,229,260],{"to":8,"label":9,"label_zh":10,"children":11},"\u002Fdao","TAO","道",[12,17,22,26,30,34,39,43,47],{"to":13,"label":14,"label_zh":15,"n":16},"\u002Fdao\u002Fintroduction","Begin with the Tao","道學入門",9,{"to":18,"label":19,"label_zh":20,"n":21},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing","I Ching","易經",7,{"to":23,"label":24,"label_zh":25,"n":16},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing","Tao Te Ching","道德經",{"to":27,"label":28,"label_zh":29,"n":21},"\u002Fdao\u002Ftaiji","Taiji","太極",{"to":31,"label":32,"label_zh":33,"n":21},"\u002Fdao\u002Fzhuang-zi","Zhuangzi","莊子",{"to":35,"label":36,"label_zh":37,"n":38},"\u002Fdao\u002Fclassics","Classical Library","道家經典文庫",1,{"to":40,"label":41,"label_zh":42},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdaoist-philosophy","Taoist Philosophy","道家哲學",{"to":44,"label":45,"label_zh":46},"\u002Fdao\u002Fwu-wei-natural-living","Wu Wei & Natural Living","無為與自然生活",{"to":48,"label":49,"label_zh":50},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdaoist-view-of-life","A Taoist View of Life","道家人生觀",{"to":52,"label":53,"label_zh":54,"children":55},"\u002Fmartial-arts","Martial Arts","武當武術",[56,61,65,70,74,78],{"to":57,"label":58,"label_zh":59,"n":60},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ffoundations-internal-arts","Foundations of Internal Martial Arts","內家拳基礎",6,{"to":62,"label":63,"label_zh":64,"n":21},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ftaijiquan","Taijiquan (Tai Chi)","太極拳",{"to":66,"label":67,"label_zh":68,"n":69},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fbaguazhang","Baguazhang: Circle Walking, Palm Changes and Movement","八卦掌：走圈、換掌與身法變化",5,{"to":71,"label":72,"label_zh":73,"n":69},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fxingyiquan","Xingyiquan: Structure, Intention and Direct Training","形意拳：結構、意念與直接訓練",{"to":75,"label":76,"label_zh":77,"n":21},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fweapons","Wudang Sword and Weapons: History, Practice and Context","武當劍與兵器：歷史、練習與文化語境",{"to":79,"label":80,"label_zh":81,"n":21},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ftraining-practice","Training and Practice: Building a Sustainable Wudang Routine","訓練與習練：建立可持續的武當練習",{"to":83,"label":84,"label_zh":85,"children":86},"\u002Fwellness","Wellness","養生",[87,91,95,99,103,107,111,115,119],{"to":88,"label":89,"label_zh":90,"n":21},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fqigong","Qigong","氣功",{"to":92,"label":93,"label_zh":94,"n":60},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fherbal-healing","Chinese Herbal Medicine","中藥與本草",{"to":96,"label":97,"label_zh":98,"n":60},"\u002Fwellness\u002Ftaoist-medicine","Taoist Medicine","道家醫學",{"to":100,"label":101,"label_zh":102,"n":60},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fenergy-sound-healing","Sound & Energy Practices","聲音與能量練習",{"to":104,"label":105,"label_zh":106},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fstanding-practice","Standing Practice","站樁",{"to":108,"label":109,"label_zh":110},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fwudang-internal-cultivation","Wudang Internal Cultivation","武當內修",{"to":112,"label":113,"label_zh":114},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fmoxibustion","Moxibustion","艾灸",{"to":116,"label":117,"label_zh":118},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fbigu","Bigu","辟穀",{"to":120,"label":121,"label_zh":122,"n":38},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fbaduanjin","Baduanjin (Eight Brocades)","八段錦",{"to":124,"label":125,"label_zh":126,"children":127},"\u002Farts","Literati Arts","文人雅藝",[128,133,138,143,148,153,157],{"to":129,"label":130,"label_zh":131,"n":132},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature","Chinese Poetry and Literature: Forms, Contexts and Reading Paths","中國詩詞與文學：體式、語境與閱讀路徑",53,{"to":134,"label":135,"label_zh":136,"n":137},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy","Chinese Calligraphy: Scripts, Materials and Ways of Looking","中國書法：書體、材料與觀賞入門",17,{"to":139,"label":140,"label_zh":141,"n":142},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony","Chinese Tea Culture","中國茶文化",39,{"to":144,"label":145,"label_zh":146,"n":147},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin","Guqin: Sound, History and Ways to Listen","古琴：認識聲音、歷史與聆聽方法",12,{"to":149,"label":150,"label_zh":151,"n":152},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting","Chinese Painting: Materials, Formats and Ways of Looking","中國繪畫：材料、形制與觀看方法",15,{"to":154,"label":155,"label_zh":156,"n":16},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense","Chinese Incense Culture","中國香文化",{"to":158,"label":159,"label_zh":160,"n":21},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement","Chinese Flower Arrangement: History, Materials and Ways of Looking","中國插花：歷史、花材與觀看方法",{"to":162,"label":163,"label_zh":164,"children":165},"\u002Fdaoism","Taoist Culture","道教文化",[166,170,174,178,183],{"to":167,"label":168,"label_zh":169,"n":16},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-deities-pantheon","Taoist Deities and the Chinese Pantheon: A Structural Guide","道教神仙與神明體系：結構與層級指南",{"to":171,"label":172,"label_zh":173,"n":21},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-temples-sacred-mountains","Taoist Temples and Sacred Mountains: A Guide to Places and Architecture","道教名山與宮觀：聖地、建築與制度指南",{"to":175,"label":176,"label_zh":177,"n":21},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-schools-lineages","Taoist Schools and Lineages: Zhengyi, Quanzhen and Historical Traditions","道教流派與傳承：正一、全真及歷史道派",{"to":179,"label":180,"label_zh":181,"n":182},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals","Taoist Festivals and Rituals: Calendars, Offerings and Community Rites","道教節日與科儀：神誕、齋醮與歲時儀式",19,{"to":184,"label":185,"label_zh":186,"n":60},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Feight-immortals","The Eight Immortals: Origins, Symbols and Taoist Legends","八仙：人物、象徵與道教傳說",{"to":188,"label":189,"label_zh":190,"children":191},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics","Chinese Metaphysics","易學與傳統術數",[192,196,200,204,208,213,217,221,225],{"to":193,"label":194,"label_zh":195,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fyin-yang-five-elements","Yin-Yang and the Five Phases in Chinese Thought","陰陽五行：理解關係與變化",{"to":197,"label":198,"label_zh":199,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fganzhi-stems-branches","Chinese Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches (Ganzhi)","天干地支（干支）：中國曆法與術數的六十循環",{"to":201,"label":202,"label_zh":203,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Ffeng-shui","Chinese Feng Shui: Landscape, Compass Methods and Responsible Practice","中國風水：形勢、羅盤方法與負責任實踐",{"to":205,"label":206,"label_zh":207,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fbazi-four-pillars","BaZi (Four Pillars of Destiny): How the Eight Characters Work","八字四柱命理：八個字如何構成命盤",{"to":209,"label":210,"label_zh":211,"n":212},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fzi-wei-dou-shu","Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology): How the Twelve-Palace Chart Works","紫微斗數：十二宮命盤如何運作",8,{"to":214,"label":215,"label_zh":216,"n":212},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fdate-selection","Chinese Date Selection: How Auspicious Days Are Chosen","中國擇吉：傳統吉日如何選擇",{"to":218,"label":219,"label_zh":220,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fphysiognomy","Chinese Physiognomy: Face Reading, Palm Reading and Their Limits","中國相術：面相、手相及其侷限",{"to":222,"label":223,"label_zh":224,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fdivination-arts","Chinese Divination Arts: Methods, History and Responsible Use","中國占卜術：方法、歷史與負責任使用",{"to":226,"label":227,"label_zh":228,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fluoshu-hetu","The Hetu, Luoshu and Nine Palaces in Chinese Cosmology","河圖、洛書與九宮：中國傳統圖式的歷史與用途",{"to":230,"label":231,"label_zh":232,"children":233},"\u002Fwudang-mountain","Experience Wudang","武當之旅",[234,238,243,248,252,256],{"to":235,"label":236,"label_zh":237,"n":21},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fintroduction","Introduction to Wudang Mountain","初識武當山",{"to":239,"label":240,"label_zh":241,"n":242},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Ftemples-and-sites","Wudang Mountain Temples and Sacred Sites","武當山宮觀與勝蹟",3,{"to":244,"label":245,"label_zh":246,"n":247},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fplanning-a-visit","Planning a Visit to Wudang Mountain","武當山行前規劃指南",4,{"to":249,"label":250,"label_zh":251,"n":242},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fstudying-at-wudang","Studying Martial Arts at Wudang Mountain","在武當山學習武術",{"to":253,"label":254,"label_zh":255,"n":242},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Ftemple-etiquette","Wudang Temple Etiquette: A Visitor’s Guide","武當宮觀參訪禮儀",{"to":257,"label":258,"label_zh":259,"n":69},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fpractical-reference","Wudang Mountain Practical Reference","武當山實用參考資料",{"to":261,"label":262,"label_zh":263},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Feveryday-wudang","Everyday Wudang","武當日常",[265,266,267,268,269,270,271,272,273,277,281,285],{"to":8,"label":9,"label_zh":10},{"to":52,"label":53,"label_zh":54},{"to":83,"label":84,"label_zh":85},{"to":124,"label":125,"label_zh":126},{"to":162,"label":163,"label_zh":164},{"to":188,"label":189,"label_zh":190},{"to":230,"label":231,"label_zh":232},{"to":261,"label":262,"label_zh":263},{"to":274,"label":275,"label_zh":276},"\u002Fabout","About Wudang.Org","關於 Wudang.Org",{"to":278,"label":279,"label_zh":280},"\u002Fstart-here","Start Here","從這裡開始",{"to":282,"label":283,"label_zh":284},"\u002Ffind-a-practice","Find a Practice","找到適合你的修習",{"to":286,"label":287,"label_zh":288},"\u002Fteachers","Our Teachers","授課老師",{"data":290},{"all":291,"header":916,"footer":917},[292],{"to":124,"label":125,"label_zh":126,"children":293},[294,508,578,736,786,848,886],{"to":129,"label":130,"label_zh":131,"children":295},[296,300,304,308,312,316,320,324,328,332,336,340,344,348,352,356,360,364,368,372,376,380,384,388,392,396,400,404,408,412,416,420,424,428,432,436,440,444,448,452,456,460,464,468,472,476,480,484,488,492,496,500,504],{"to":297,"label":298,"label_zh":299},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Forigins-spirit-of-chinese-poetry","Origins of Chinese Poetry: Song, Text and Interpretation","中國詩歌的源流：歌唱、文本與闡釋",{"to":301,"label":302,"label_zh":303},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fbook-of-songs-classical-foundations","The Book of Songs: Voices, Performance and Interpretation","《詩經》：聲音、禮樂與闡釋",{"to":305,"label":306,"label_zh":307},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Ftang-poetry-golden-age","Tang Poetry: Forms, Voices and a Lasting Canon","唐詩：體式、聲音與經典的形成",{"to":309,"label":310,"label_zh":311},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Ftaoist-landscape-poetry","Daoist Traditions and Landscape Poetry: Place, Reclusion and Interpretation","道家、道教與山水詩：地方、隱逸與解讀",{"to":313,"label":314,"label_zh":315},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fpoetry-as-cultivation","Poetry as Cultivation at Wudang: Reading, Attention and Writing","武當詩文與自我涵養：閱讀、觀察與寫作",{"to":317,"label":318,"label_zh":319},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fkey-poets-further-reading","Chinese Poetry: Poets, Editions and Reading Paths","中國詩詞閱讀：詩人、版本與入門路徑",{"to":321,"label":322,"label_zh":323},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fhow-to-read-chinese-regulated-verse","How to Read Chinese Regulated Verse: Lines, Rhyme, Tone and Parallelism","怎樣讀中國近體詩：句式、押韻、平仄與對仗",{"to":325,"label":326,"label_zh":327},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fhow-to-read-chinese-ci-lyrics","How to Read Chinese Ci Lyrics: Tune Patterns, Voice and Transmission","怎樣讀中國詞：詞牌、聲音與文本流傳",{"to":329,"label":330,"label_zh":331},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-poetry-anthologies-canon-transmission","How Chinese Poetry Anthologies Shape What We Read","中國詩歌選本怎樣塑造我們的閱讀",{"to":333,"label":334,"label_zh":335},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-thread-bound-books-folding-stitching-reading","Chinese Thread-Bound Books: Folding, Stitching and the Shape of Reading","中國線裝書：摺頁、裝訂與閱讀形態",{"to":337,"label":338,"label_zh":339},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fhow-to-read-chinese-paired-couplets-parallelism-calligraphy-place","How to Read Chinese Paired Couplets: Parallel Lines, Calligraphy and Place","怎樣讀中國對聯：對仗、書法與空間",{"to":341,"label":342,"label_zh":343},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fpoetry-on-chinese-paintings-inscriptions-colophons","Poetry on Chinese Paintings: How to Read Inscriptions and Colophons","中國畫上的詩：怎樣讀題款與題跋",{"to":345,"label":346,"label_zh":347},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-fu-rhapsody-catalogues-courts-expansive-description","Chinese Fu (Rhapsody): Catalogues, Courts and Expansive Description","中國賦：鋪陳、宮廷與展開描寫的藝術",{"to":349,"label":350,"label_zh":351},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fwenxin-diaolong-liu-xie-writing-reading-literary-thought","Wenxin Diaolong: How Liu Xie Thought About Writing and Reading","《文心雕龍》導讀：劉勰怎樣思考寫作與閱讀",{"to":353,"label":354,"label_zh":355},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-shihua-poetry-talks-notes-anecdotes-criticism","Shihua (Poetry Talks): How Chinese Criticism Speaks in Notes and Anecdotes","中國詩話導讀：批評怎樣寫進筆記、軼事與評語",{"to":357,"label":358,"label_zh":359},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-prefaces-afterwords-xu-ba-books-texts-readers","Chinese Prefaces and Afterwords (Xu and Ba): How Books Frame Texts and Readers","中國序跋導讀：書籍怎樣安排文本、作者與讀者",{"to":361,"label":362,"label_zh":363},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-biji-brush-notes-notebooks-miscellanies","Chinese Biji (Brush Notes): How Fragments Become Knowledge and Literature","中國筆記導讀：零散見聞怎樣成為知識與文學",{"to":365,"label":366,"label_zh":367},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-leishu-classified-books-excerpts-knowledge","Chinese Leishu (Classified Books): How Knowledge Was Excerpted and Ordered","中國類書導讀：知識怎樣被摘錄與分類",{"to":369,"label":370,"label_zh":371},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-dictionaries-rhyme-books-erya-shuowen-qieyun-guangyun","Chinese Dictionaries and Rhyme Books: How Characters, Meanings and Sounds Were Ordered","中國字書與韻書導讀：字形、詞義與語音怎樣被編排",{"to":373,"label":374,"label_zh":375},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-primers-sanzijing-baijiaxing-qianziwen-literacy","Chinese Primers and Elementary Literacy: Reading the Three, Hundred and Thousand","中國傳統蒙學讀物導讀：《三字經》《百家姓》《千字文》怎樣教人識字",{"to":377,"label":378,"label_zh":379},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-texts-punctuation-reading-marks-sentence-division-modern-editions","How Chinese Texts Were Punctuated: Reading Marks, Sentence Division and Modern Editions","中國古籍怎樣斷句：句讀、圈點與現代標點",{"to":381,"label":382,"label_zh":383},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-letters-chidu-writing-address-correspondence-calligraphy","Chinese Letters (Chidu): Writing, Address and the Afterlife of Correspondence","中國尺牘導讀：書信格式、稱謂與墨跡流傳",{"to":385,"label":386,"label_zh":387},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-travel-writing-youji-routes-witness-making-place","Chinese Travel Writing (Youji): Routes, Witness and the Making of Place","中國遊記導讀：路線、見聞與地方書寫",{"to":389,"label":390,"label_zh":391},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-individual-collected-works-bieji-authors-editors-transmission","Chinese Individual Collected Works (Bieji): How an Author’s Writings Become a Book","中國別集導讀：一位作者的詩文怎樣成為一部書",{"to":393,"label":394,"label_zh":395},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-guwen-pianwen-ancient-style-parallel-prose-rhythm-argument","Guwen and Pianwen: Two Ways of Shaping Classical Chinese Prose","古文與駢文導讀：中國古典散文的兩種組織方式",{"to":397,"label":398,"label_zh":399},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-eight-legged-essay-baguwen-examination-classics-composition","The Eight-Legged Essay (Baguwen): How an Examination Form Organized Classical Thought","八股文導讀：科舉文章怎樣組織經典義理",{"to":401,"label":402,"label_zh":403},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-examination-compounds-gongyuan-cells-candidate-experience","Chinese Examination Compounds (Gongyuan): How Architecture Shaped the Candidate Experience","中國貢院導讀：考場空間怎樣塑造士子的應試體驗",{"to":405,"label":406,"label_zh":407},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-academies-shuyuan-books-teaching-ritual-landscape","Chinese Academies (Shuyuan): How Books, Teaching and Ritual Made a Scholarly Place","中國書院導讀：書籍、講學與禮儀怎樣構成學術空間",{"to":409,"label":410,"label_zh":411},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-private-libraries-cangshulou-collectors-catalogues-transmission","Chinese Private Libraries (Cangshulou): How Collectors Built Paths for Books to Survive","中國藏書樓導讀：私人收藏怎樣為典籍延續開闢路徑",{"to":413,"label":414,"label_zh":415},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-bookshops-book-markets-publishers-routes-readers","Chinese Bookshops and Book Markets: How Books Became Goods, Routes and Encounters","中國書肆與書市導讀：書籍怎樣成為商品、路線與相遇",{"to":417,"label":418,"label_zh":419},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-illustrated-books-woodblock-images-page-design-reading","Illustrated Chinese Books: How Woodblock Images Shaped the Page","中國古籍插圖導讀：木刻影像怎樣塑造書頁",{"to":421,"label":422,"label_zh":423},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-bibliographies-mulu-catalogues-classification-books-knowledge","Chinese Bibliographies (Mulu): How Catalogues Classified Books and Knowledge","中國目錄學導讀：書目怎樣分類書籍與知識",{"to":425,"label":426,"label_zh":427},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-textual-collation-jiaokan-variant-readings-witnesses-editions","Chinese Textual Collation (Jiaokan): How Scholars Read Variant Texts","中國校勘導讀：怎樣閱讀異文與文本傳本",{"to":429,"label":430,"label_zh":431},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-commentaries-subcommentaries-zhu-jian-shu-layered-reading","Chinese Commentaries and Subcommentaries: How Notes Became Part of the Text","中國註疏導讀：注、箋、疏怎樣層層塑造經典閱讀",{"to":433,"label":434,"label_zh":435},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-book-marginalia-meipi-pangpi-pijiao-reading-history","Marginalia in Chinese Books: How Readers Wrote Back","中國古籍批註導讀：讀者怎樣在書頁上留下閱讀史",{"to":437,"label":438,"label_zh":439},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-book-ownership-seals-cangshuyin-provenance-impressions","Book-Ownership Seals in China: Reading Provenance in Red","中國古籍藏書印導讀：怎樣從朱印追索遞藏",{"to":441,"label":442,"label_zh":443},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-book-paper-fibres-sizing-repairs-dating-evidence","Paper in Chinese Books: Fibres, Sizing, Repairs and the Limits of Dating","中國古籍用紙導讀：纖維、施膠、修補與斷代邊界",{"to":445,"label":446,"label_zh":447},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-book-page-layout-frames-columns-fishtails-centre-fold","Inside the Chinese Book Page: Frames, Columns, Fishtails and the Centre Fold","中國古籍版式導讀：版框、界行、魚尾與版心",{"to":449,"label":450,"label_zh":451},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-book-printers-marks-paiji-kanji-publishing-claims","Printer’s Marks in Chinese Books: Reading Paiji, Kanji and Publishing Claims","中國古籍牌記與刊記導讀：怎樣辨認刊刻、藏版與書坊資訊",{"to":453,"label":454,"label_zh":455},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-movable-type-printing-clay-wood-metal-reuse","Movable Type in Chinese Book History: Clay, Wood, Metal and Reuse","中國古籍活字印刷導讀：泥活字、木活字、金屬活字與複用",{"to":457,"label":458,"label_zh":459},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-woodblock-printing-workflow-writing-carving-inking-impressions","How Chinese Woodblock Printing Worked: Writing, Carving, Inking and Impressions","中國雕版印刷工藝導讀：寫樣、上版、刻版、刷墨與印紙",{"to":461,"label":462,"label_zh":463},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-woodblock-lifecycle-storage-repair-recutting-later-impressions","After the First Printing: How Chinese Woodblocks Were Stored, Repaired and Reused","初印之後：中國雕版的儲藏、遞修、重刻與後印",{"to":465,"label":466,"label_zh":467},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fwho-paid-chinese-book-printing-patronage-profit-donors-funding","Who Paid to Print? Patronage, Profit and Collective Funding in Chinese Book History","誰出資刻書？中國書籍史中的官刻、私資、坊刻與募資",{"to":469,"label":470,"label_zh":471},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fhow-readers-got-books-imperial-china-buying-borrowing-gifts-copying","How Readers Got Books in Imperial China: Buying, Borrowing, Gifting and Copying","古代中國讀者怎樣獲得書籍？購書、借閱、饋贈與抄寫",{"to":473,"label":474,"label_zh":475},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fhow-classical-chinese-poetry-was-heard-recitation-chanting-historical-sound","How Classical Chinese Poetry Was Heard: Recitation, Chanting and Historical Sound","古典詩歌怎樣被聽見？誦讀、吟詠與歷史聲音",{"to":477,"label":478,"label_zh":479},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-poetry-social-exchange-gifts-farewells-replies-rhyme-matching","Poetry as Social Exchange: Gifts, Farewells, Replies and Rhyme-Matching in China","詩歌作為交往：贈答、送別、唱和與次韻",{"to":481,"label":482,"label_zh":483},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-poetry-gatherings-themes-rhyme-lots-linked-composition","How Chinese Poetry Gatherings Worked: Themes, Rhyme Lots and Linked Composition","中國古典詩歌雅集怎樣運作：命題、分韻與聯句",{"to":485,"label":486,"label_zh":487},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-poetry-revision-drafts-variants-editorial-layers","How Chinese Poems Changed: Drafts, Variants and Editorial Layers","中國古典詩歌怎樣改定與流傳：草稿、異文與編輯層次",{"to":489,"label":490,"label_zh":491},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-poetry-attribution-anonymity-disputed-authorship","Who Wrote This Poem? Attribution, Anonymity and Disputed Authorship in Chinese Poetry","這首詩是誰寫的？中國古典詩歌的署名、佚名與作者爭議",{"to":493,"label":494,"label_zh":495},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-poetry-quotation-excerpts-fragments-lost-context","Poems in Pieces: How Quotation and Excerpt Preserved Chinese Poetry","詩句怎樣在引用中流傳？摘引、輯佚與失落語境",{"to":497,"label":498,"label_zh":499},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-wall-poetry-tibishi-public-writing-place-transmission","Poems on the Wall: Public Writing, Place and Survival in China","牆上的詩怎樣流傳？中國題壁詩的公共書寫、地點與傳承",{"to":501,"label":502,"label_zh":503},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-imperial-examination-poetry-shitie-shi-fu-changing-tests","Poetry in the Examination Hall: What Chinese Candidates Were Asked to Compose","科場裡的詩：古代中國考生何時、怎樣作詩",{"to":505,"label":506,"label_zh":507},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-poetry-seasons-calendar-festivals-phenology-literary-time","Reading Seasons in Chinese Poetry: Calendars, Festivals and Literary Time","怎樣讀懂中國詩歌裡的季節？曆法、節日與文學時間",{"to":134,"label":135,"label_zh":136,"children":509},[510,514,518,522,526,530,534,538,542,546,550,554,558,562,566,570,574],{"to":511,"label":512,"label_zh":513},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Forigins-history-of-calligraphy","Origins and History of Chinese Calligraphy","中國書法的源流與歷史",{"to":515,"label":516,"label_zh":517},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fthe-five-script-styles","The Five Script Styles in Chinese Calligraphy","中國書法的五種主要書體",{"to":519,"label":520,"label_zh":521},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fcalligraphy-as-taoist-cultivation","Calligraphy and Taoist Cultivation: Text, Attention and Practice","書法與道家修養：讀懂文字，專注落筆",{"to":523,"label":524,"label_zh":525},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Ffour-treasures-of-the-study","The Four Treasures of the Study: Choosing and Using Calligraphy Materials","文房四寶：認識、選擇與使用筆墨紙硯",{"to":527,"label":528,"label_zh":529},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fbrush-technique-living-line","Chinese Calligraphy Brushwork: Reading and Practising the Living Line","書法筆法：觀察與練習有生氣的線條",{"to":531,"label":532,"label_zh":533},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fgreat-masters-further-reading","Chinese Calligraphy Masters and Reading Paths","中國書法名家與閱讀路徑",{"to":535,"label":536,"label_zh":537},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-seals-and-seal-carving","Chinese Seals and Seal Carving: Script, Surface and Impression","中國印章與篆刻：文字、印面與鈐印",{"to":539,"label":540,"label_zh":541},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-ink-rubbings","Chinese Ink Rubbings: Stone, Paper and the Life of Calligraphy","中國傳拓：石刻、紙墨與書法的流傳",{"to":543,"label":544,"label_zh":545},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-inkstones","Chinese Inkstones: Stone, Carving and the Scholar’s Desk","中國硯臺：石材、雕刻與文房生活",{"to":547,"label":548,"label_zh":549},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-inksticks","Chinese Inksticks: Soot, Moulds and the Scholar’s Desk","中國墨錠：煙料、墨模與文房生活",{"to":551,"label":552,"label_zh":553},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-calligraphy-paper","Chinese Calligraphy Paper: Xuan, Sizing and the Life of a Sheet","中國書畫紙：宣紙、施膠與紙張的一生",{"to":555,"label":556,"label_zh":557},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-calligraphy-brushes","Chinese Calligraphy Brushes: Hair, Handle and the Working Point","中國毛筆：毫料、筆管與筆鋒",{"to":559,"label":560,"label_zh":561},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-brush-rests","Chinese Brush Rests: Mountains, Materials and the Scholar’s Desk","中國筆架：山形、材質與文人書案",{"to":563,"label":564,"label_zh":565},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-water-droppers-scholars-desk","Chinese Water Droppers: Flow, Form and the Scholar’s Desk","中國水滴：控水、造型與文人書案",{"to":567,"label":568,"label_zh":569},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-brush-pots-materials-scholars-desk","Chinese Brush Pots: Function, Material and the Scholar’s Desk","中國筆筒：收納、材質與文人書案",{"to":571,"label":572,"label_zh":573},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-brush-washers-water-form-scholars-desk","Chinese Brush Washers: Water, Form and the Scholar’s Desk","中國筆洗：洗筆、造型與文人書案",{"to":575,"label":576,"label_zh":577},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-paperweights-form-material-scholars-desk","Chinese Paperweights: Form, Material and the Scholar’s Desk","中國鎮紙：形制、材質與文人書案",{"to":139,"label":140,"label_zh":141,"children":579},[580,584,588,592,596,600,604,608,612,616,620,624,628,632,636,640,644,648,652,656,660,664,668,672,676,680,684,688,692,696,700,704,708,712,716,720,724,728,732],{"to":581,"label":582,"label_zh":583},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-meditation-taoist-practice","Tea, Meditation and Taoist Practice","茶、靜坐與道家修習",{"to":585,"label":586,"label_zh":587},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Forigins-history-of-tea-culture","Origins and History of Chinese Tea Culture","中國茶文化的源流與歷史",{"to":589,"label":590,"label_zh":591},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fthe-way-of-tea","The Way of Tea: Attention, Care and Hospitality","茶道：在一杯茶中練習用心與待客",{"to":593,"label":594,"label_zh":595},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftypes-of-tea-and-character","Six Chinese Tea Families: Processing and Taste","六大茶類：從製法到品飲",{"to":597,"label":598,"label_zh":599},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Futensils-and-gongfu-method","Gongfu Tea: Utensils and a Flexible Method","工夫茶：茶具與靈活沖泡法",{"to":601,"label":602,"label_zh":603},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ffurther-reading-and-practice","Learning Chinese Tea: Reading and Practice","學茶入門：閱讀與品飲練習",{"to":605,"label":606,"label_zh":607},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fwater-for-chinese-tea","Water for Chinese Tea: Springs, Minerals and a Practical Tasting Method","中國茶用水：山泉、礦物與實用對比方法",{"to":609,"label":610,"label_zh":611},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fchinese-teaware-clay-glaze-form","Chinese Tea Ware: Clay, Porcelain, Glaze and the Uses of Form","中國茶器：胎土、瓷釉、造型與使用",{"to":613,"label":614,"label_zh":615},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fchinese-tea-caddies","Chinese Tea Caddies: Storage, Materials and the Traveling Leaf","中國茶葉罐：貯藏、材質與流動的茶葉",{"to":617,"label":618,"label_zh":619},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fsong-whisked-tea-powder-bowls-foam","Whisked Tea in Song China: Powder, Bowls and Foam","宋代點茶：茶末、茶盞與湯花",{"to":621,"label":622,"label_zh":623},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fyixing-teapots-clay-form-makers-marks","Yixing Teapots: Clay, Form and Reading the Maker’s Mark","宜興紫砂壺：泥料、器形與款識",{"to":625,"label":626,"label_zh":627},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fcompressed-tea-cakes-bricks-trade-storage-object-reading","Compressed Tea in China: Cakes, Bricks and How to Read Them","中國緊壓茶：茶餅、茶磚與辨讀方法",{"to":629,"label":630,"label_zh":631},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-horse-trade-networks-routes-markets-cultural-exchange","Tea–Horse Trade Networks: Routes, Markets and Cultural Exchange","茶馬貿易網路：路線、市場與文化交流",{"to":633,"label":634,"label_zh":635},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-landscapes-china-gardens-forests-terraces-living-knowledge","Tea Landscapes in China: Gardens, Forests, Terraces and Living Knowledge","中國茶景觀：茶園、古茶林、梯田與活態知識",{"to":637,"label":638,"label_zh":639},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fpicking-tea-china-seasons-bud-leaf-standards-skilled-labour","Picking Tea in China: Seasons, Bud-and-Leaf Standards and Skilled Labour","中國採茶：季節、芽葉標準與勞作技藝",{"to":641,"label":642,"label_zh":643},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fwithering-tea-leaves-water-loss-time-first-transformation","Withering Tea Leaves: Water Loss, Time and the First Transformation","茶葉萎凋：失水、時間與採後初變",{"to":645,"label":646,"label_zh":647},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ffixing-tea-leaves-shaqing-heat-enzymes-turning-point","Fixing Tea Leaves (Shaqing): Heat, Enzymes and a Turning Point in Chinese Tea","茶葉殺青：熱、酶活性與中國製茶的轉折點",{"to":649,"label":650,"label_zh":651},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Frolling-tea-leaves-rounian-pressure-shape-cell-disruption","Rolling Tea Leaves (Rounian): Pressure, Shape and Controlled Cell Disruption","茶葉揉捻：壓力、形態與受控細胞破損",{"to":653,"label":654,"label_zh":655},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fdrying-tea-leaves-moisture-heat-stability-finished-tea","Drying Tea Leaves: Moisture, Heat and the Stability of Finished Tea","茶葉乾燥：水分、熱量與成茶穩定",{"to":657,"label":658,"label_zh":659},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fsorting-grading-tea-leaf-size-shape-grade-meaning","Sorting and Grading Tea: Leaf Size, Shape and What a Grade Really Means","茶葉篩分與分級：葉片大小、形態與等級的真正含義",{"to":661,"label":662,"label_zh":663},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-blending-batch-construction-consistency-style-transparency","Tea Blending and Batch Construction: Consistency, Style and Transparent Labels","茶葉拼配與批次構建：穩定、風格與透明標示",{"to":665,"label":666,"label_zh":667},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-oxidation-post-fermentation-enzymes-microbes-terms","Oxidation and Post-Fermentation in Tea: Enzymes, Microbes and Misleading Labels","茶葉氧化與後發酵：酶、微生物與容易混淆的標籤",{"to":669,"label":670,"label_zh":671},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fyellow-tea-menhuang-moist-heat-time-tea-family","Yellow Tea and Menhuang: Moist Heat, Time and the Making of a Tea Family","黃茶與悶黃：溼熱、時間與一類茶的形成",{"to":673,"label":674,"label_zh":675},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Frefiring-roasting-tea-later-heat-aroma-finished-leaf","Re-Firing and Roasting Tea: Later Heat, Aroma and the Difference from Drying","茶葉復火與焙火：後段加熱、香氣及其與乾燥的區別",{"to":677,"label":678,"label_zh":679},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fjasmine-tea-scenting-flowers-repeated-rounds-aroma-transfer","Jasmine Tea and Scenting: Flowers, Repeated Rounds and How Aroma Enters Tea","茉莉花茶與窨制：鮮花、多次窨香與茶葉如何吸收香氣",{"to":681,"label":682,"label_zh":683},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-sensory-evaluation-appearance-aroma-taste-score-limits","Tea Sensory Evaluation: Appearance, Aroma, Taste and the Limits of a Score","茶葉感官審評：外形、香氣、滋味與分數的邊界",{"to":685,"label":686,"label_zh":687},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fdoucha-song-tea-contests-whisked-tea-jian-bowls-modern-judging","Doucha: Tea Contests in Song China and the Limits of Modern Re-Creation","鬥茶：宋代茶事競賽與現代重現的邊界",{"to":689,"label":690,"label_zh":691},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fbeiyuan-tribute-tea-song-court-labour-imperial-label","Beiyuan Tribute Tea: Song Court Taste, Skilled Labour and the Limits of ‘Imperial Tea’","北苑貢茶：宋代宮廷品味、製茶勞作與“御茶”標籤的邊界",{"to":693,"label":694,"label_zh":695},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Freading-chinese-tea-classics-authorship-editions-recipe-limits","Reading Chinese Tea Classics: Authorship, Editions and the Limits of a ‘Recipe’","如何閱讀中國茶書：作者、版本與“配方”式解讀的邊界",{"to":697,"label":698,"label_zh":699},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-in-chinese-poetry-social-worlds-metaphor-historical-evidence","Tea in Chinese Poetry: Social Worlds, Metaphor and the Limits of Literary Evidence","中國詩歌中的茶：社會交往、詩意表達與文學證據的邊界",{"to":701,"label":702,"label_zh":703},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fchinese-teahouses-commerce-conversation-performance-urban-publics","Chinese Teahouses: Commerce, Conversation, Performance and Changing Urban Publics","中國茶館：商業、交往、表演與變動中的城市公共生活",{"to":705,"label":706,"label_zh":707},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-in-chinese-painting-objects-social-worlds-visual-evidence","Tea in Chinese Painting: Objects, Social Worlds and the Limits of Visual Evidence","中國繪畫中的茶：器物、社會空間與視覺證據的邊界",{"to":709,"label":710,"label_zh":711},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-in-dream-of-the-red-chamber-hospitality-rank-labour-fiction","Tea in Dream of the Red Chamber: Hospitality, Rank, Labour and Fiction","《紅樓夢》中的茶：待客、等級、勞動與小說敘事",{"to":713,"label":714,"label_zh":715},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-in-chinese-travel-writing-roads-hospitality-regional-evidence","Tea in Chinese Travel Writing: Roads, Hospitality and the Limits of an Itinerary","中國遊記中的茶：道路、待客與行程證據的邊界",{"to":717,"label":718,"label_zh":719},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-in-chinese-letters-gifts-visits-friendship-private-writing","Tea in Chinese Letters: Gifts, Visits, Friendship and the Limits of ‘Private’ Writing","中國書信中的茶：饋贈、訪友、人情與“私語”證據的邊界",{"to":721,"label":722,"label_zh":723},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-tax-monopoly-imperial-china-fiscal-records-daily-life","Tea, Tax and Monopoly in Imperial China: Reading Fiscal Records Without Mistaking Revenue for Daily Life","中國曆代茶稅與專賣：財政記錄能告訴我們什麼，又不能告訴我們什麼",{"to":725,"label":726,"label_zh":727},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-chinese-local-gazetteers-place-production-local-knowledge","Tea in Chinese Local Gazetteers: Place, Production and the Limits of Local Knowledge","中國地方誌中的茶：產地、生產與地方知識的邊界",{"to":729,"label":730,"label_zh":731},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-chinese-materia-medica-names-preparations-medical-claims","Tea in Chinese Materia Medica: Names, Preparations and the Limits of Medical Claims","中國本草中的茶：名稱、製法與醫藥記載的邊界",{"to":733,"label":734,"label_zh":735},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-chinese-buddhist-monastic-rules-ceremony-office-origin-stories","Tea in Chinese Buddhist Monastic Rules: Ceremony, Office and the Limits of Origin Stories","中國佛教清規中的茶：禮儀、職事與起源故事的邊界",{"to":144,"label":145,"label_zh":146,"children":737},[738,742,746,750,754,758,762,766,770,774,778,782],{"to":739,"label":740,"label_zh":741},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Forigins-history-of-the-guqin","A History of the Guqin: Objects, Texts and Living Music","古琴的歷史：實物、文獻與傳習",{"to":743,"label":744,"label_zh":745},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Fanatomy-of-the-guqin","How the Guqin Works: Strings, Body and Sound","古琴如何發聲：琴絃、琴身與結構",{"to":747,"label":748,"label_zh":749},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Fplaying-technique-and-notation","Playing the Guqin: Gesture, Notation and Interpretation","古琴怎樣彈、怎樣讀譜：指法、減字譜與詮釋",{"to":751,"label":752,"label_zh":753},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Ffamous-melodies-and-stories","Guqin Melodies: Stories, Versions and Ways to Listen","聽懂古琴名曲：故事、版本與聆聽線索",{"to":755,"label":756,"label_zh":757},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Fguqin-as-taoist-cultivation","Guqin and Daoist Cultivation: Listening, Practice and Limits","古琴與道家修養：聆聽、練習與邊界",{"to":759,"label":760,"label_zh":761},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Ffurther-listening-and-study","Learning the Guqin: Listening, Sources and Finding a Teacher","怎樣學古琴：聆聽、資料與擇師",{"to":763,"label":764,"label_zh":765},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Fguqin-tables-playing-spaces","Guqin Tables and Playing Spaces: Support, Posture and Listening","古琴桌與彈琴空間：承托、坐姿與聆聽",{"to":767,"label":768,"label_zh":769},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Fhow-to-read-guqin-handbook-tablature-editions-dapu","How to Read a Guqin Handbook: Tablature, Editions and Dapu","如何讀古琴譜：減字譜、版本與打譜",{"to":771,"label":772,"label_zh":773},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Freading-guqin-lacquer-layers-crack-patterns-repair","Reading Guqin Lacquer: Layers, Crack Patterns and Repair","讀懂古琴漆面：漆層、斷紋與修繕",{"to":775,"label":776,"label_zh":777},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Freading-guqin-inscriptions-seals-names-dates-provenance","Reading Guqin Inscriptions and Seals: Names, Dates and Provenance","讀懂古琴銘款與印章：琴名、年代與流傳",{"to":779,"label":780,"label_zh":781},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Fguqin-forms-zhongni-banana-leaf-shapes","Guqin Forms: Reading Zhongni, Banana-Leaf and Other 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Painting","山水畫：怎樣讀懂中國山水",{"to":801,"label":802,"label_zh":803},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fbirds-flowers-four-gentlemen","Birds, Flowers and the Four Gentlemen in Chinese Painting","中國畫中的花鳥與四君子",{"to":805,"label":806,"label_zh":807},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fpainting-as-taoist-cultivation","Painting and Taoist Cultivation: Images, Ideas and Practice","繪畫與道家修養：影像、觀念與實踐",{"to":809,"label":810,"label_zh":811},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fgreat-masters-further-study","Chinese Painting Masters: A Guided Path","中國畫名家與進階研習",{"to":813,"label":814,"label_zh":815},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fhow-to-read-chinese-handscroll","How to Read a Chinese Handscroll: Sequence, Colophons and Seals","怎樣觀看中國手卷：展開順序、題跋與印章",{"to":817,"label":818,"label_zh":819},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fchinese-fan-painting","Chinese Fan Painting: Shape, Brushwork and the Art of the Small Format","中國扇面書畫：形制、筆墨與方寸之美",{"to":821,"label":822,"label_zh":823},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fhow-to-read-chinese-painting-album","How to Read a Chinese Painting Album: Leaves, Sequence and Intimate Viewing","如何閱讀中國畫冊頁：開頁、次序與案頭觀看",{"to":825,"label":826,"label_zh":827},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fchinese-scholars-rocks","Chinese Scholars’ Rocks: Stone, Display and Imagined Landscapes","中國文人賞石：石質、陳設與想像山水",{"to":829,"label":830,"label_zh":831},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fhow-to-read-chinese-hanging-scroll","How to Read a Chinese Hanging Scroll: Vertical Space, Mounting and Display","如何閱讀中國立軸：縱向空間、裝裱與陳設",{"to":833,"label":834,"label_zh":835},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fchinese-screens-space-painting","Chinese Screens: Space, Painting and the Art of the Fold","中國屏風：空間、影像與開合之藝",{"to":837,"label":838,"label_zh":839},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fmounting-chinese-painting","Mounting Chinese Painting: Silk Borders, Backing Papers and the Life of a Scroll","中國畫裝裱：綾邊、托紙與卷軸的生命",{"to":841,"label":842,"label_zh":843},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fchinese-portrait-painting-likeness-role-ancestral-memory","Chinese Portrait Painting: Likeness, Role and Ancestral Memory","中國肖像畫：形神、身份與祖先記憶",{"to":845,"label":846,"label_zh":847},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fthree-distances-chinese-landscape-painting","The Three Distances in Chinese Landscape Painting: High, Deep and Level Space","中國山水畫的“三遠”：高遠、深遠與平遠",{"to":154,"label":155,"label_zh":156,"children":849},[850,854,858,862,866,870,874,878,882],{"to":851,"label":852,"label_zh":853},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Forigins-history-of-incense-culture","Origins and History of Chinese Incense Culture","中國香文化的源流與歷史",{"to":855,"label":856,"label_zh":857},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Faromatic-materials-fragrant-woods","Aromatic Materials: Woods, Resins and Responsible Sourcing","香材指南：香木、樹脂與負責任的來源",{"to":859,"label":860,"label_zh":861},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Fforms-and-art-of-appreciation","Incense Forms and the Art of Appreciation","香的形態與品香方法",{"to":863,"label":864,"label_zh":865},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Fincense-in-ritual-and-temple-life","Incense in Daoist Ritual and Temple Life","香在道教科儀與宮觀生活中",{"to":867,"label":868,"label_zh":869},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Fincense-meditation-taoist-practice","Incense, Meditation and Taoist Practice","香、靜坐與道家修習",{"to":871,"label":872,"label_zh":873},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Ffurther-reading-and-practice","Learning Chinese Incense: Reading and Practice","學習中國香文化：閱讀與實踐",{"to":875,"label":876,"label_zh":877},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Fchinese-incense-burners","Chinese Incense Burners: Bronze, Ceramic, Form and Context","中國香爐：青銅、陶瓷、形制與使用語境",{"to":879,"label":880,"label_zh":881},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Fchinese-incense-seals-fragrant-time","Chinese Incense Seals: Ash, Patterns and Fragrant Time","中國香篆：香灰、篆紋與芬芳計時",{"to":883,"label":884,"label_zh":885},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Fchinese-incense-sets-burner-box-vase-tools","Chinese Incense Sets: Burner, Box, Vase and Tools","中國香具三式：爐、盒、瓶與匙箸",{"to":158,"label":159,"label_zh":160,"children":887},[888,892,896,900,904,908,912],{"to":889,"label":890,"label_zh":891},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Forigins-history-of-floral-art","A History of Chinese Flower Arrangement: Vessels, Pictures and Voices","中國插花史：器物、影像與文字中的花事",{"to":893,"label":894,"label_zh":895},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Fprinciples-of-flower-arrangement","Chinese Flower Arrangement: Line, Balance and Ways of Looking","中國插花構圖：線條、平衡與觀看方法",{"to":897,"label":898,"label_zh":899},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Fvessels-tools-and-composition","Choosing Flower Vessels and Tools: Form, Support and Care","選擇花器與工具：形制、支撐和養護",{"to":901,"label":902,"label_zh":903},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Fseasonal-flowers-and-symbolism","Seasonal Flowers and Symbolism: How to Read Context","時令花材與象徵：怎樣結合語境來讀",{"to":905,"label":906,"label_zh":907},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Fflower-arrangement-as-cultivation","Flower Arrangement as Cultivation: Attention, Change and Limits","插花與修養：專注、變化與界限",{"to":909,"label":910,"label_zh":911},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Ffurther-reading-and-practice","Further Reading and Practice: Sources, Museums and a First Month","延伸閱讀與練習：史料、博物館與第一個月",{"to":913,"label":914,"label_zh":915},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Fchinese-flower-baskets-weaving-painting-vessels","Chinese Flower Baskets: Weaving, Painting and the 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It brings together observations of landform, orientation, water, buildings and correlative cosmology. It should not be reduced to decorative rules, nor presented as a scientifically proven way to guarantee health, wealth or relationships.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cem>Classes introduce core vocabulary, the distinction between major approaches and the cultural contexts in which feng shui has been practised. Contemporary applications are discussed critically. Students remain responsible for property, financial and personal decisions and should seek qualified professional advice where those decisions carry material consequences.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>風水形成於不同的流派、典籍與專業傳統，綜合觀察地形、方位、水勢、建築以及陰陽五行等關聯性宇宙觀。它不應被簡化為裝飾規則，也不能被宣傳為保證健康、財富或關係結果的科學方法。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>課程介紹基本術語、主要方法的差別，以及風水在歷史社會中的實踐語境，並以批判態度討論當代應用。涉及房產、財務或其他重大決定時，學員仍應根據事實判斷，並諮詢具備資質的相關專業人士。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Ffeng-shui-learning",[937,938,939,940],"wudang\u002Fevents\u002FYpvXV9T4BG3YVD0NQ150.webp","wudang\u002Fevents\u002FfhZyCVAEQXsL76XmGdVp.webp","wudang\u002Fevents\u002FAt5a8W2EGZ9IhDUbI4f3.avif","wudang\u002Fevents\u002FBKPjfYeMNJ617LWJ7tgv.avif",[942,943,944,945],"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FYpvXV9T4BG3YVD0NQ150.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FfhZyCVAEQXsL76XmGdVp.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FAt5a8W2EGZ9IhDUbI4f3.avif","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FBKPjfYeMNJ617LWJ7tgv.avif",{"en":947,"zh":948},"Feng Shui Classes and Courses","風水課程：方位、形勢與空間觀念入門",{"en":931,"zh":950},"從歷史、環境與文化語境學習風水，理解方位、形勢與空間觀念，同時明確傳統解釋與科學證據的界限。",0,true,"active","2026-07-13T05:17:57.000000Z","2026-09-25T03:51:12.000000Z",{"id":60,"uuid":957,"slug":958,"available_locales":959,"name":960,"description":963,"body":966,"path":969,"images":970,"image_urls":971,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":972,"seo_description":975,"sort_order":951,"is_active":952,"status":953,"created_at":978,"updated_at":955},"c85bf6cc-b84e-4c36-bbd7-9e92b53bbe50","internal-arts-wellness",[924,925,926],{"en":961,"zh":962},"Internal Arts & Wellness","內家功法與養生",{"en":964,"zh":965},"Classes, workshops and retreats in Baduanjin, Taijiquan, qigong and traditional practices for movement, breathing and mindful cultivation.","彙集八段錦、太極拳、氣功及傳統身心修習的課程、工作坊與靜修活動。",{"en":967,"zh":968},"\u003Cp>Explore small-group classes, workshops and retreats introducing Wudang internal arts and traditional wellness practices. Programmes may include Baduanjin, Taijiquan, qigong, standing practice, breathing and their cultural foundations.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Each listing provides its teacher, schedule, experience level and registration arrangements.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>本類別彙集武當內家功法與傳統養生修習的小班課程、工作坊及靜修活動，內容可涵蓋八段錦、太極拳、氣功、站樁、呼吸練習及相關文化基礎。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>每項活動都會註明導師、日期、適合程度與報名方式，方便參加者選擇合適的學習體驗。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Finternal-arts-wellness",[],[],{"en":973,"zh":974},"Internal Arts & Wellness Events","內家功法與養生活動",{"en":976,"zh":977},"Explore Baduanjin, Taijiquan, qigong and traditional wellness classes, workshops and retreats listed by Wudang.Org.","探索八段錦、太極拳、氣功與傳統養生課程、工作坊及靜修活動。","2026-08-16T19:23:45.000000Z",{"id":980,"uuid":981,"slug":982,"available_locales":983,"name":984,"description":987,"body":988,"path":989,"images":990,"image_urls":991,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":992,"seo_description":994,"sort_order":951,"is_active":952,"status":953,"created_at":997,"updated_at":955},10,"884ed965-8c72-49e2-acee-0fc2f7aec70a","face-reading-learning",[924,925,926],{"en":985,"zh":986},"Face Reading Learning","面相課程",[],[],"\u002Fevents\u002Fface-reading-learning",[],[],{"en":993},"Chinese Face Reading Classes and Workshops",{"en":995,"zh":996},"Learn Chinese face reading (面相) as a cultural tradition: its classical framework, history and uses, taught with clear limits on predictive claims.","把面相作為中國傳統文化來學習：認識其經典框架、歷史與用法，並清楚說明傳統詮釋的邊界。","2026-08-30T17:01:43.000000Z",{"id":999,"uuid":1000,"slug":1001,"available_locales":1002,"name":1003,"description":1006,"body":1008,"path":1011,"images":1012,"image_urls":1013,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":1014,"seo_description":1017,"sort_order":38,"is_active":952,"status":953,"created_at":954,"updated_at":955},2,"8792a80b-d0c8-4ef9-9634-5cb91827932b","zi-wei-dou-shu-learning",[924,925,926],{"en":1004,"zh":1005},"Zi Wei Dou Shu Learning","紫微斗數課程",{"en":1007,"zh":3},"Explore Purple Star Astrology as a traditional Chinese interpretive system, approached as cultural knowledge rather than scientific prediction.",{"en":1009,"zh":1010},"\u003Cp>Zi Wei Dou Shu 紫微鬥數 organises birth information through palaces, stars and patterned relationships. The system has a substantial technical vocabulary and several interpretive traditions, but its predictive claims are not established by modern scientific evidence.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Courses explain how charts are structured, how symbols are read and how historical and contemporary practitioners differ. The aim is cultural literacy and disciplined reflection—not certainty about the future. Readings do not replace medical, legal, financial, employment or psychological expertise.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>紫微斗數依據出生資訊，以宮位、星曜和彼此關係組織命盤。它具有複雜的術語與多種解釋傳統，但其預測主張並未得到現代科學證據的確立。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>課程說明命盤結構、符號閱讀方法，以及歷史與當代實踐者之間的差異。學習目的在於文化理解與有紀律的自我反思，而不是獲得關於未來的確定答案。相關解讀不能代替醫療、法律、財務、就業或心理專業意見。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Fzi-wei-dou-shu-learning",[],[],{"en":1015,"zh":1016},"Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology) Classes","紫微斗數課程：命盤、宮位與星曜入門",{"en":1007,"zh":1018},"把紫微斗數作為中國傳統詮釋體系來學習，認識命盤、宮位與星曜，不把它包裝成科學預測。",{"id":247,"uuid":1020,"slug":1021,"available_locales":1022,"name":1023,"description":1026,"body":1027,"path":1028,"images":1029,"image_urls":1030,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":1031,"seo_description":1034,"sort_order":38,"is_active":952,"status":953,"created_at":1037,"updated_at":955},"09958025-4f1d-40e6-ae1c-8b1517ac824e","tea-arts",[924,925,926],{"en":1024,"zh":1025},"Tea Arts","茶藝",[],[],"\u002Fevents\u002Ftea-arts",[],[],{"en":1032,"zh":1033},"Chinese Tea Art Classes and Workshops","茶藝課程與工作坊",{"en":1035,"zh":1036},"Chinese tea art (茶藝) classes and workshops: tea types, brewing methods, tea-table etiquette and the quiet attention of sharing tea.","茶藝課程與工作坊：認識茶類、泡茶方法與茶席禮儀，在一席茶中體會從容與專注。","2026-08-16T17:13:57.000000Z",{"id":242,"uuid":1039,"slug":1040,"available_locales":1041,"name":1042,"description":1045,"body":1047,"path":1050,"images":1051,"image_urls":1052,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":1053,"seo_description":1056,"sort_order":999,"is_active":952,"status":953,"created_at":954,"updated_at":955},"e52a261e-348a-4b8a-bd51-43f4e6b1d861","ba-zi-learning",[924,925,926],{"en":1043,"zh":1044},"Ba Zi Learning","八字課程",{"en":1046,"zh":3},"Study the Four Pillars as a traditional system of stems, branches and five-phase correspondence, with history and limitations made explicit.",{"en":1048,"zh":1049},"\u003Cp>Ba Zi 八字 interprets year, month, day and hour through the heavenly stems, earthly branches, yin-yang and five-phase relationships. It is an influential part of Chinese metaphysical culture, not an observational science in the modern empirical sense.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Classes introduce chart structure, terminology and common interpretive methods while distinguishing tradition from evidence. Students are encouraged to treat readings as prompts for reflection and never as guarantees, diagnoses or substitutes for professional advice.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>八字以年、月、日、時四柱為框架，通過天干、地支、陰陽與五行關係進行解釋。它是中國術數文化中影響深遠的傳統體系，並非現代經驗科學。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>課程介紹命盤結構、基本術語和常見詮釋方法，同時說明傳統觀點與科學證據的差別。學員可把解讀作為反思的線索，但不應把它當作保證、診斷，或任何專業意見的替代品。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Fba-zi-learning",[],[],{"en":1054,"zh":1055},"BaZi (Four Pillars) Classes and Courses","八字課程：四柱、天干地支與五行入門",{"en":1046,"zh":1057},"學習四柱中的天干、地支與五行關係，理解其歷史與方法，也清楚區分傳統詮釋和現代實證知識。",{"id":69,"uuid":1059,"slug":1060,"available_locales":1061,"name":1062,"description":1065,"body":1066,"path":1067,"images":1068,"image_urls":1069,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":1070,"seo_description":1073,"sort_order":999,"is_active":952,"status":953,"created_at":1037,"updated_at":955},"76718b8e-3137-42fc-a257-c9e318b3e364","incense-culture",[924,925,926],{"en":1063,"zh":1064},"Incense Culture","香文化",[],[],"\u002Fevents\u002Fincense-culture",[],[],{"en":1071,"zh":1072},"Chinese Incense Culture Workshops","香文化活動與工作坊",{"en":1074,"zh":1075},"Workshops on Chinese incense culture (香文化): aromatic materials, traditional ways of preparing and appreciating incense, and incense as calm attention.","香文化活動與工作坊：認識香材、傳統制香與品香方式，在一爐香中練習安靜與專注。",{"id":1077,"uuid":1078,"slug":1079,"available_locales":1080,"name":1081,"description":1084,"body":1087,"path":1090,"images":1091,"image_urls":1092,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":1093,"seo_description":1095,"sort_order":999,"is_active":952,"status":953,"created_at":1096,"updated_at":955},11,"c39cc557-40eb-4266-9736-7fb84891d407","i-ching-learning",[924,925,926],{"en":1082,"zh":1083},"I Ching Learning","易經課程",{"en":1085,"zh":1086},"Explore the I Ching through its hexagrams, traditional interpretive methods and historical context, with scope and limitations made explicit.","通過卦象、傳統解讀方法與歷史語境認識《易經》，並清楚說明其適用範圍與侷限。",{"en":1088,"zh":1089},"\u003Cp>The I Ching 易經 is a classical Chinese text centred on sixty-four hexagrams and a long history of commentary and divination. It has shaped Chinese philosophy, cosmology and metaphysical practice, but its divinatory claims are not established as modern empirical science.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Classes introduce structures, terminology and traditional methods such as Liu Yao while distinguishing cultural study from evidence. Readings should be treated as prompts for reflection, not guarantees, diagnoses or substitutes for professional advice.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>《易經》是一部以六十四卦為核心的中國經典，形成了悠久的註疏與占筮傳統，並深刻影響中國哲學、宇宙觀與術數文化；其占筮主張並非現代經驗科學所證實。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>課程介紹基本結構、術語和六爻等傳統方法，同時區分文化學習與科學證據。解讀宜作為反思線索，不應視為保證、診斷或任何專業意見的替代品。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Fi-ching-learning",[],[],{"en":1094,"zh":1083},"I Ching Classes and Courses",{"en":1085,"zh":1086},"2026-09-08T00:15:35.000000Z",{"id":21,"uuid":1098,"slug":1099,"available_locales":1100,"name":1101,"description":1104,"body":1107,"path":1110,"images":1111,"image_urls":1112,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":1113,"seo_description":1116,"sort_order":242,"is_active":952,"status":953,"created_at":1119,"updated_at":955},"ee2330c6-5a3e-4ac2-a2d1-1a0dc110c58c","traditional-arts-crafts",[924,925,926],{"en":1102,"zh":1103},"Traditional Arts & Crafts","傳統藝術與手作",{"en":1105,"zh":1106},"Hands-on workshops exploring Chinese handicrafts and decorative arts through guided making and cultural appreciation.","通過親手製作與文化欣賞，體驗中國傳統手作及裝飾藝術。",{"en":1108,"zh":1109},"\u003Cp>Discover practical workshops in Chinese decorative arts and handcraft traditions. Activities may include gold-leaf painting, cloisonné enamel, mother-of-pearl work, Song brocade and other guided projects.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>These welcoming sessions introduce materials, techniques and cultural context while allowing participants to complete a piece of their own.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>本類別彙集中國傳統裝飾藝術與手作體驗，內容可涵蓋金箔畫、掐絲琺琅、螺鈿工藝、宋錦及其他創作專案。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>課程以輕鬆易懂的方式介紹材料、技法與文化背景，讓參加者在導師帶領下完成屬於自己的作品。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Ftraditional-arts-crafts",[],[],{"en":1114,"zh":1115},"Traditional Arts & Crafts Events","傳統藝術與手作活動",{"en":1117,"zh":1118},"Explore Chinese handicraft and decorative arts workshops, including gold-leaf, cloisonné, mother-of-pearl and brocade.","探索金箔畫、掐絲琺琅、螺鈿、宋錦等中國傳統手作及裝飾藝術體驗。","2026-08-16T19:24:04.000000Z",{"id":212,"uuid":1121,"slug":1122,"available_locales":1123,"name":1124,"description":1127,"body":1130,"path":1133,"images":1134,"image_urls":1135,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":1136,"seo_description":1138,"sort_order":247,"is_active":952,"status":953,"created_at":1141,"updated_at":955},"824f78c1-1181-4983-bae5-77e7cdbbbc1d","wudang-community",[924,925,926],{"en":1125,"zh":1126},"Wudang Community","武當社群活動",{"en":1128,"zh":1129},"Talks, broadcasts and community gatherings connecting people with Wudang culture, learning and living practice.","通過講座、直播與社群聚會，連線武當文化、學習與日常實踐。",{"en":1131,"zh":1132},"\u003Cp>Wudang Community brings together public talks, livestreams, gatherings and shared cultural activities connected with Wudang.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>These programmes create welcoming ways to meet practitioners, explore ideas and participate in a growing community of learning and practice.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>武當社群活動彙集與武當文化相關的公開講座、直播、聚會及共享文化體驗。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>這些活動以友善開放的方式連線練習者與學習者，讓大家交流心得、認識傳統，並共同參與持續發展的文化社群。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Fwudang-community",[],[],{"en":1137,"zh":1126},"Wudang Community Events",{"en":1139,"zh":1140},"Discover Wudang community talks, broadcasts and gatherings connecting people with culture, learning and living practice.","探索連線武當文化、學習與日常實踐的講座、直播及社群聚會。","2026-08-16T19:24:18.000000Z",{"id":16,"uuid":1143,"slug":1144,"available_locales":1145,"name":1146,"description":1149,"body":1150,"path":1151,"images":1152,"image_urls":1153,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":1154,"seo_description":1157,"sort_order":69,"is_active":952,"status":953,"created_at":1160,"updated_at":955},"25641c0b-8e5a-46d7-9b18-95c344015f97","wudang-journeys-retreats",[924,925,926],{"en":1147,"zh":1148},"Wudang Journeys & Retreats","武當旅修與行程",[],[],"\u002Fevents\u002Fwudang-journeys-retreats",[],[],{"en":1155,"zh":1156},"Wudang Mountain Retreats and Guided Journeys","武當山旅修與靜修行程",{"en":1158,"zh":1159},"Guided journeys and retreats to Wudang Mountain that combine practice, temple visits and cultural learning, with itineraries and expectations set out clearly.","前往武當山的旅修與靜修：結合修習、宮觀參訪與文化學習，提前說明行程安排與參加須知。","2026-08-18T11:09:38.000000Z",{"data":1162},{"hero_type":1163,"hero_image":1164,"hero_image_alt":1165,"hero_youtube_id":1166,"hero_content_on":952,"hero_heading":1167,"hero_subheading":1168,"hero_text":1169,"hero_subheading_zh":1170,"hero_text_zh":1171,"hero_buttons":1172,"home_seo":1178,"page_layout":1184,"shop_enabled":1185,"contact":1186,"journey":1202},"image","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fsite\u002Fwudanghomepagehero.webp","Wudang mountain temple in mist","VgirFbjpiy4","武當文化，道在日常\nWudang Culture, Practised with Purpose","A place for learning. A home for living culture.","Explore Taoist thought, internal arts, literati traditions and Wudang Mountain through grounded learning in Singapore and beyond.","這裡既是學習之地，也是讓文化融入日常的所在。","從道家思想、內家武術、文人雅藝與武當山出發，以清晰、踏實的方式，在新加坡及世界各地認識和體驗武當文化。",[1173,1175],{"label":1174,"link":278},"Start Your Wudang Journey",{"label":1176,"link":1177},"View Events & Courses","\u002Fevents",{"title":1179,"description":1181},{"en":1180,"zh":3},"Wudang Mountain: Tai Chi, Qigong & Taoist Culture",{"en":1182,"zh":1183},"Explore Wudang Mountain through Tai Chi, Qigong, Daoist philosophy, martial arts, traditional arts, wellness, culture and everyday life in Wudang.","從太極、氣功、道家思想、武術、傳統雅藝與養生文化認識武當山，探索武當文化及武當山的日常生活。","sidebar",false,{"methods":1187,"has_any":952,"text":1195},{"email":1188,"whatsapp":1189,"wechat_id":1190,"wechat_qr_url":1191,"instagram":1192,"instagram_handle":1193,"facebook":1194,"facebook_handle":1193},"hello@wudang.org","+6588169599","Cldjcll0305","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fcontact\u002Fkcs9Z5IEY7CugW2mEYA8.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.instagram.com\u002Fleewudang.sg","@leewudang.sg","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fleewudang.sg\u002F",{"china_heading_en":1196,"china_heading_zh":1197,"china_company_en":1198,"china_company_zh":1199,"china_address_en":1200,"china_address_zh":1201},"China Operations","中國運營","Xunwei Wudang Co., Ltd.","尋味武當有限公司","No. 72 Jianhe 2nd Road, Wangjiayuan, Wudang Mountain, Shiyan, Hubei, China","湖北省十堰市武當山王家園劍河二路72號",{"title_en":3,"title_zh":3,"intro_en":3,"intro_zh":3,"enabled":952},{"data":1204},{"to":457,"type":1205,"available_locales":1206,"is_content_page":952,"title":1207,"subtitle":1208,"body":1211,"hero_image_url":1214,"hero_width":1215,"hero_height":1216,"hero_image_alt":1217,"hero_image_decorative":1185,"hero_credit":1220,"hero_alt":1227,"hero_style":1228,"card_layout":1229,"link_type":3,"link_ref":3,"seo_title":1230,"seo_description":1233,"children":1236},"page",[924,925,926],{"en":458,"zh":459},{"en":1209,"zh":1210},"A source-led guide to transferring a page, carving its mirror image, proofing, printing, repairing and storing a reusable woodblock.","從寫樣反貼、映象刻版到試印校改、刷墨取印、補版儲版，理解一頁雕版書怎樣製成。",{"en":1212,"zh":1213},"\u003Ch2>A printed page began as a planned page\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch3>The copy had to be complete before it touched the block\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>Woodblock printing reproduced a whole page, not a loose sequence of characters. A scribe prepared a clean fair copy with the intended columns, text sizes and blank spaces already settled. The guide to \u003Ca href=\"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-book-page-layout-frames-columns-fishtails-centre-fold\">Chinese book-page architecture\u003C\u002Fa> explains why the frame, centre fold and fish-tail belong to this planning stage. The \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.metmuseum.org\u002Fexhibitions\u002Flistings\u002F2012\u002Fprinted-image-in-china\">Metropolitan Museum’s technical account\u003C\u002Fa> describes the copy being written with brush and carbon ink before its paper was dampened and placed face down on wood.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>Transfer reversed the writing without asking the carver to rewrite it\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>Because the written face was pasted against the block, the carver saw the strokes through the back of the thin sheet in reverse. Cutting around those visible strokes left their mirror image standing in relief; printing reversed them again into readable order. This two-step reversal matters. It distinguishes an accurately transferred copy from the romantic but misleading idea that every carver freely redrew each page backward.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>Wood, paste and surface preparation shaped the result\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch3>A block was a prepared tool, not simply a slice of timber\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>Institutional introductions from the \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Feducation.asianart.org\u002Fresources\u002Fthe-invention-of-woodblock-printing-in-the-tang-and-song-dynasties\u002F\">Asian Art Museum\u003C\u002Fa> mention pear or date wood, while living workshops use materials selected and seasoned for local practice. Historical production was never uniform across all regions and centuries. Whatever the species, the working face had to be sufficiently flat and stable to accept the transferred sheet, survive close cutting and meet paper evenly when inked.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>Thin paper carried both the model and its planned destruction\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>Paste fixed the fair copy face down. Once dry enough, the back could be thinned or rubbed so the inked strokes remained legible. The copy then became a sacrificial guide: carving removed blank ground and usually destroyed much of the pasted sheet. The page on \u003Ca href=\"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-book-paper-fibres-sizing-repairs-dating-evidence\">fibres, sizing and repairs in Chinese book paper\u003C\u002Fa> helps separate this transfer paper from the paper later chosen for an edition’s impressions.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>Carving made a relief surface\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch3>The carver removed everything that should not print\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>The principle is relief printing: intended strokes remain high while surrounding wood is cut lower. Fine knives define edges; broader tools clear open ground. The \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fich.unesco.org\u002Fen\u002FRL\u002Fchina-engraved-block-printing-technique-00229\">UNESCO living-heritage record\u003C\u002Fa> treats writing, block engraving, printing and binding as connected expertise carried by a team. Skill lay not only in following a stroke, but in judging depth, corners, narrow counters and wood grain so the raised lines would neither fill with ink nor break under repeated brushing.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>Calligraphy was interpreted through another worker’s hand\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>A carved line is not identical to a brushstroke. The engraver translated thick and thin turns, hooks and pressure changes into cut edges around a raised shape. Excellent work can preserve the character of a model hand, but it remains a technical interpretation. That is why a printed script should not automatically be treated as direct physical evidence of the named calligrapher’s brush.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>Proofing turned carving into an editorial loop\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch3>A first impression exposed omissions, filled spaces and wrong cuts\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>After preliminary cutting, the block was inked and proofed. A proof made small faults legible to editors and artisans: a missing stroke, an uncut patch, a character damaged by over-cutting, or a column that printed unevenly. The fuller \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fich.unesco.org\u002Fdoc\u002Fsrc\u002F06859-EN.pdf\">UNESCO nomination dossier\u003C\u002Fa> records testing and correction within the transmitted craft. Proofing should therefore be understood as part of manufacture, not as a ceremonial final check.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>Correction might subtract wood, insert wood or replace a passage\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>An uncut speck could be carved away. A wrongly removed stroke required a more difficult repair: a small plug could be fitted into the block and recut, or a larger rectangular area replaced. Such interventions may later appear as local differences in line, grain or wear. Compare multiple pages and copies through the guide to \u003Ca href=\"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-textual-collation-jiaokan-variant-readings-witnesses-editions\">Chinese textual collation\u003C\u002Fa> before deciding whether a difference records authorial revision, workshop correction or later repair.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cfigure>\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fpages\u002FfqNgxWkExPqCCXM1QEsz.webp\" alt=\"Conceptual still life of an invented abstract relief block, transfer tissue, carving tools, wood repair inserts and inking brush\" loading=\"lazy\">\u003Cfigcaption>AI-generated conceptual process study. The blank abstract block, tools and papers do not document a real artefact, collection, workshop, place or historical arrangement.\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\u003Ch2>Inking and taking an impression were skilled work\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch3>The printer brushed a controlled film onto the raised surface\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>Traditional book printing did not require a Western screw press. A printer spread a thin, even film of water-based ink with a brush, avoiding pools in low areas and dry patches on the relief. The \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.lib.pku.edu.cn\u002Fen\u002F4whjy\u002F44ydckfwydmyf_1\u002F4410wht_1\u002Findex.htm\">Peking University Library demonstration\u003C\u002Fa> lists pouring, dipping, applying ink, brushing and lifting the paper as distinct operations. Ink consistency, brush loading, room conditions, block wear and paper absorbency all affected the result.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>Paper was laid and brushed from the back\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>A sheet was placed over the inked block and gently brushed or rubbed so it contacted the raised lines, then lifted to dry. The \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.metmuseum.org\u002Fexhibitions\u002Flistings\u002F2012\u002Fprinted-image-in-china\">Met description of monochrome printing\u003C\u002Fa> notes this soft-pad impression method. Pressure had to be enough for clarity but not so forceful that thin paper shifted, tore or picked up ink from recessed areas. Variation among impressions can therefore reflect the printer’s rhythm as well as the block itself.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>One block could preserve a page for later runs\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch3>Storage converted carving labour into a reusable asset\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>Once corrected, a block held the full page—text, commentary and sometimes image—in a stable reusable surface. It could be cleaned, labelled and stored for another run without recomposing characters. That helps explain why whole-block printing remained important beside the systems surveyed in the guide to \u003Ca href=\"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-movable-type-printing-clay-wood-metal-reuse\">Chinese movable type\u003C\u002Fa>. The \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fafe.easia.columbia.edu\u002Fsongdynasty-module\u002Ftech-printing.html\">Columbia Asia for Educators overview\u003C\u002Fa> emphasizes that each block could carry an entire page of text and illustration.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>Reuse still demanded inspection, cleaning and repair\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>Blocks could warp, crack, lose fine strokes or accumulate repairs. A later impression from an old block is not automatically the same edition as an earlier impression, and an old block can also produce a modern facsimile. Printers and custodians had to distinguish serviceable surfaces from pieces needing plugs or replacement. This is a material history of maintenance, not a promise that every stored block remained unchanged.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>The workshop joined specialized labour\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch3>Writer, carver, corrector and printer were different responsibilities\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>UNESCO’s account describes a coordinated practice requiring expertise, dexterity and team spirit. Historical arrangements varied—from court and monastery projects to commercial and family workshops—but the production sequence could divide copy preparation, engraving, proofreading, printing and binding among specialists. Peter Kornicki’s \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fassets.cambridge.org\u002F97810094\u002F95516\u002Fexcerpt\u002F9781009495516_excerpt.pdf\">comparative history of printing in East Asia\u003C\u002Fa> is useful here because it treats labour, institutions and economics rather than technology as a single ladder of progress.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>Names in a book are claims that need material support\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>A publication statement may name a patron, publisher, engraver or workshop, but it does not always identify every hand in the process. Read it with the guide to \u003Ca href=\"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-book-printers-marks-paiji-kanji-publishing-claims\">printer’s marks and publishing claims\u003C\u002Fa>. Then compare its wording with paper, carving, proof corrections and other copies. Attribution is strongest when text, object and documented production history agree.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>How to read a block-printed page responsibly\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch3>Ask which stage produced the feature you see\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>An elegant stroke may begin with the scribe but reach the reader through transfer, carving, inking and impression. A pale gap may come from a damaged relief, dry ink, poor contact or later abrasion. A local mismatch may be a repair rather than a new edition. Use the guide to \u003Ca href=\"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-illustrated-books-woodblock-images-page-design-reading\">woodblock images and page design\u003C\u002Fa> when pictures share the surface, and resist assigning one visible feature to one worker without testing alternatives.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>Keep technique connected to circulation\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>The \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fblogs.loc.gov\u002Finternational-collections\u002F2021\u002F06\u002Fthe-history-of-printing-in-asia-according-to-library-of-congress-asian-collections-part-1\u002F\">Library of Congress survey\u003C\u002Fa> places paper, religious copying, state needs and book production in a long Asian history, while the guide to \u003Ca href=\"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-bookshops-book-markets-publishers-routes-readers\">Chinese bookshops and book markets\u003C\u002Fa> follows works into circulation. Before describing a book, ask: what was transferred, what remained in relief, where was it proofed, how was it inked, which impression or copy survives, and does the evidence belong to the original cutting or a later use of the block?\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Ch2>一頁印本，先從完整的版面設計開始\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch3>寫樣上版之前，行款已經基本確定\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>雕版印刷複製的是整頁，而不是一串可以臨時移動的單字。寫工要先寫出清樣，把界行、大小字、空白和版心位置安排好。本站的\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fzh\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-book-page-layout-frames-columns-fishtails-centre-fold\">中國古籍版式導讀\u003C\u002Fa>說明版框、魚尾和中縫為什麼屬於寫樣階段；\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.metmuseum.org\u002Fexhibitions\u002Flistings\u002F2012\u002Fprinted-image-in-china\">紐約大都會藝術博物館的工藝說明\u003C\u002Fa>則記述先用毛筆和墨寫樣，再把紙潤溼、字面朝下貼到木板上。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>反貼讓字樣自然成為反字\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>字面貼在木板上以後，刻工從薄紙背面看見反轉的筆畫，沿線刻去空白，留下凸起的映象文字；刷印到紙上時，方向再次反轉，讀者看到正字。這個“兩次反轉”很重要：刻工依據的是已經寫好的樣本，並不需要憑空把整頁重新倒寫。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>木料、漿糊與版面處理共同決定效果\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch3>木版是經過處理的工具，不是隨手取來的木片\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Feducation.asianart.org\u002Fresources\u002Fthe-invention-of-woodblock-printing-in-the-tang-and-song-dynasties\u002F\">舊金山亞洲藝術博物館\u003C\u002Fa>介紹梨木、棗木等常見選擇；活態作坊則會按地方經驗取材、乾燥和整平。各地各代做法並不完全一致。無論用哪種木材，刻面都要足夠平穩，既能牢貼寫樣、承受細刻，也要在刷墨鋪紙時均勻接觸。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>薄紙既傳遞字樣，也會在刻版中消耗\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>清樣字面朝下粘牢以後，可從背面輕輕磨薄，使墨跡仍清楚可見。它隨後成為一次性的刻版指南：空白被挖去時，貼紙往往也被破壞。本站的\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fzh\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-book-paper-fibres-sizing-repairs-dating-evidence\">古籍用紙、施膠與修補導讀\u003C\u002Fa>有助於區分這種上版寫樣紙與正式印書所用的紙。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>刻工把平面書寫變成凸版\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch3>不著墨的地方要刻低\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>雕版屬於凸版印刷：需要印出的筆畫保留在原平面，周圍空白刻低。小刀界定筆畫邊緣，較寬工具清理大塊空地。\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fich.unesco.org\u002Fen\u002FRL\u002Fchina-engraved-block-printing-technique-00229\">聯合國教科文組織的活態遺產資料\u003C\u002Fa>把寫樣、刻版、刷印和裝訂視為相互銜接的專業勞動。刻工不僅要沿線下刀，還要判斷深淺、轉角、細孔和木紋，避免細線積墨或在反覆刷印中折損。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>刻出的書法經過了另一雙手的解釋\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>刀刻線條不等於毛筆原跡。刻工要把粗細、轉折、鉤挑和提按轉換成凸起筆畫周圍的刀口。高手能夠儲存寫樣的神態，但這仍是技術性的再現。因此，印本中的字型不能自動當作某位題名書家的直接筆跡證據。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>試印把刻版變成可反覆校正的編輯流程\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch3>初次印樣會暴露缺筆、漏剔與誤刻\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>初刻完成後要刷墨試印。印樣讓校者與工匠看清漏刻的一點、未剔淨的空白、誤傷的筆畫或著墨不勻的行列。較完整的\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fich.unesco.org\u002Fdoc\u002Fsrc\u002F06859-EN.pdf\">聯合國教科文組織申報材料\u003C\u002Fa>把試印和修正列入傳承工序。試印不是禮儀性的末尾檢查，而是製造過程的一部分。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>修版可能繼續減木，也可能補木重刻\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>多餘木屑可以繼續剔去；已經誤刻掉的筆畫更難處理，往往要嵌入小木釘重刻，較大錯誤則可能挖成長方塊換補。後人有時能在區域性線條、木紋或磨損中看見這些痕跡。應結合本站的\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fzh\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-textual-collation-jiaokan-variant-readings-witnesses-editions\">中國古籍校勘導讀\u003C\u002Fa>比較多頁與不同複本，才能判斷差異來自校改、作坊修版還是後期補刻。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cfigure>\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fpages\u002FfqNgxWkExPqCCXM1QEsz.webp\" alt=\"概念靜物：虛構的抽象凸版、上版薄紙、刻刀、補版木塊與刷墨工具\" loading=\"lazy\">\u003Cfigcaption>AI 生成的工藝概念靜物；空白抽象木版、工具與紙張並非真實文物、收藏、作坊、地點或歷史陳設。\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\u003Ch2>刷墨與印紙本身也是專門技藝\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch3>墨要薄而均勻地刷在凸起部分\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>傳統書版不必依賴西式螺旋壓力機。印工用刷子把水性墨均勻鋪在凸起筆畫上，既不能讓凹處積墨，也不能使版面發乾。\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.lib.pku.edu.cn\u002Fen\u002F4whjy\u002F44ydckfwydmyf_1\u002F4410wht_1\u002Findex.htm\">北京大學圖書館的雕版體驗說明\u003C\u002Fa>把倒墨、蘸墨、上墨、刷紙和揭紙分別列出。墨的濃淡、含量、室內溼度、版面磨損和紙張吸墨性都會改變印色。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>鋪紙以後，從紙背輕刷取印\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>印紙覆到上墨木版上，再從背面輕刷，使紙纖維接觸凸起線條，然後揭起晾乾。\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.metmuseum.org\u002Fexhibitions\u002Flistings\u002F2012\u002Fprinted-image-in-china\">大都會藝術博物館對單色木版的說明\u003C\u002Fa>正是這樣描述。壓力要足以印清，又不能使薄紙移動、破損或吃到凹處餘墨。因此，同一塊版的不同印次，也會留下印工節奏與操作差異。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>一塊木版可以儲存整頁，等待重印\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch3>儲版把一次刻工變成可重複使用的資產\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>木版校正完畢後，會把正文、註文，甚至影像作為整頁固定下來；清理、編號和入庫以後，日後重印不必逐字重排。這也解釋了雕版為何長期與本站所介紹的\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fzh\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-movable-type-printing-clay-wood-metal-reuse\">中國活字印刷\u003C\u002Fa>並行。\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fafe.easia.columbia.edu\u002Fsongdynasty-module\u002Ftech-printing.html\">哥倫比亞大學亞洲教育專案\u003C\u002Fa>特別指出，一塊版可以同時承載整頁文字和影像。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>複用仍要檢查、清理和修補\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>木版可能翹曲、開裂、細線脫落，也可能累積多次挖補。用舊版後印的書，不一定與早期印次屬於同一版本；舊版也能印出現代仿古本。保管者與印工必須判斷哪些版還能直接用，哪些需要嵌補或重刻。儲存是一段持續維護史，並不表示木版永遠不變。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>作坊把多種專門勞動連線起來\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch3>寫工、刻工、校者與印工承擔不同責任\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>聯合國教科文組織強調這項技藝需要專長、手藝與協作。歷史上的組織形態有宮廷、寺院、商業書坊和家族作坊等差異，但寫樣、刻版、校對、刷印和裝訂常可由不同人員負責。Peter Kornicki 的\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fassets.cambridge.org\u002F97810094\u002F95516\u002Fexcerpt\u002F9781009495516_excerpt.pdf\">東亞印刷比較研究\u003C\u002Fa>把勞動力、機構和成本放在一起考察，避免把技術史寫成一條單線進步階梯。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>書中的人名與機構名仍需實物證據支援\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>刊記可能列出施主、書坊、刻工或發行者，卻未必涵蓋每一道工序的實際參與者。可先讀本站的\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fzh\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-book-printers-marks-paiji-kanji-publishing-claims\">牌記、刊記與出版聲稱導讀\u003C\u002Fa>，再把文字與紙張、刀法、試印修正和不同複本比較。題記、實物與生產史能夠互相印證時，歸屬才最穩妥。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>怎樣負責任地閱讀一頁雕版印本\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Ch3>先問眼前特徵來自哪一道工序\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>秀麗筆畫可能始於寫工，卻經上版、刻版、刷墨和取印才到讀者手中；一處發白可能是凸線殘損、墨太乾、接觸不足或後期磨蝕；區域性不合也可能只是補版，而不是新版。圖文共版時，可結合本站的\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fzh\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-illustrated-books-woodblock-images-page-design-reading\">中國古籍插圖與版面導讀\u003C\u002Fa>，不要未經比較便把一個可見現象歸給某一位工匠。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch3>把工藝重新放回書籍流通史\u003C\u002Fh3>\u003Cp>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fblogs.loc.gov\u002Finternational-collections\u002F2021\u002F06\u002Fthe-history-of-printing-in-asia-according-to-library-of-congress-asian-collections-part-1\u002F\">美國國會圖書館的亞洲印刷史綜述\u003C\u002Fa>把紙張、宗教抄寫、國家需求和書籍生產放進長時段背景；本站的\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fzh\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-bookshops-book-markets-publishers-routes-readers\">書肆與書市導讀\u003C\u002Fa>則繼續追蹤書的流通。描述一部書之前，應問：寫樣是什麼，哪些部分留成凸線，在哪裡試印校正，怎樣刷墨，今天儲存的是哪一印次、哪一複本，證據屬於初刻還是後期修版與重印？\u003C\u002Fp>","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fpages\u002FTUHO821wxTGRwrigZ0q8.webp",1672,941,{"en":1218,"zh":1219},"Conceptual photograph of an anonymous contemporary demonstrator brushing ink across an invented blank abstract woodblock beside unmarked paper","概念照片：一位不具名的當代示範者給虛構的空白抽象木版刷墨，旁置無字印紙",{"caption":1221,"creator":1222,"source_url":1223,"license_label":1224,"license_url":1225,"changes":1226},"AI 生成的雕版印刷概念場景；並非真實工匠、木版、作坊、收藏、地點或歷史事件。","OpenAI","https:\u002F\u002Fopenai.com\u002F","AI-generated image","https:\u002F\u002Fopenai.com\u002Fpolicies\u002Fterms-of-use\u002F","為本文獨立生成，並轉換為 WebP；未與其他影像合成。",{"en":1218,"zh":1219},"banner","list",{"en":1231,"zh":1232},"Chinese Woodblock Printing: Writing, Carving and Impressions","中國雕版印刷工藝：寫樣、刻版、刷墨與印紙",{"en":1234,"zh":1235},"A source-led guide to Chinese woodblock printing: fair copy, reversed transfer, relief carving, proof correction, brush inking, impressions, storage and repair.","依據可靠資料介紹中國雕版印刷：寫樣反貼、凸版雕刻、試印校改、刷墨取印、儲版複用與補版修理。",[],{"data":1238},[1239,1315,1417,1508],{"id":1240,"slug":1241,"available_locales":1242,"path":1243,"title":1244,"venue":1247,"hero_image_url":3,"card_image_url":1250,"card_landscape_url":1251,"lifecycle":1252,"session_mode":1253,"sessions":1254,"next_session":1314},15601,"liu-yao-beginner-course",[924,925,926],"\u002Fevents\u002Fi-ching-learning\u002Fliu-yao-beginner-course",{"en":1245,"zh":1246},"Liu Yao Beginner Course","六爻初級課",{"en":1248,"zh":1249},"Singapore","新加坡","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FQzqp0uXPJyVi3CvdDM1S.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002Fvariants\u002FQzqp0uXPJyVi3CvdDM1S-16x9.webp","ongoing","choose_one",[1255,1274,1287,1300],{"status":1256,"date_slug":1257,"time_label":1258,"timezone_abbr":1259,"date_label":1260,"date_label_fr":1261,"date_short_fr":1262,"date_only_fr":1263,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1264,"date_label_zh":1265,"date_short":1266,"date_short_zh":1267,"date_only":1268,"date_only_zh":1269,"is_multi_day":1185,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":38,"month_short":1270,"month_long":1271,"month_num":1077,"year":1272,"weekday_short":1273,"weekday_index":951},"scheduled","2026-11-01","9:00am–5:00pm","SGT","Sunday, 1 November 2026","dimanche 1 novembre 2026","dim. 1 nov.","1 nov. 2026","09:00–17:00","2026年11月1日 星期日","Sun 1 Nov","11月1日 週日","1 Nov 2026","2026年11月1日","Nov","November",2026,"Sun",{"status":1256,"date_slug":1275,"time_label":1258,"timezone_abbr":1259,"date_label":1276,"date_label_fr":1277,"date_short_fr":1278,"date_only_fr":1279,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1264,"date_label_zh":1280,"date_short":1281,"date_short_zh":1282,"date_only":1283,"date_only_zh":1284,"is_multi_day":1185,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":1285,"month_short":1270,"month_long":1271,"month_num":1077,"year":1272,"weekday_short":1286,"weekday_index":60},"2026-11-21","Saturday, 21 November 2026","samedi 21 novembre 2026","sam. 21 nov.","21 nov. 2026","2026年11月21日 星期六","Sat 21 Nov","11月21日 週六","21 Nov 2026","2026年11月21日",21,"Sat",{"status":1256,"date_slug":1288,"time_label":1258,"timezone_abbr":1259,"date_label":1289,"date_label_fr":1290,"date_short_fr":1291,"date_only_fr":1292,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1264,"date_label_zh":1293,"date_short":1294,"date_short_zh":1295,"date_only":1296,"date_only_zh":1297,"is_multi_day":1185,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":147,"month_short":1298,"month_long":1299,"month_num":147,"year":1272,"weekday_short":1286,"weekday_index":60},"2026-12-12","Saturday, 12 December 2026","samedi 12 décembre 2026","sam. 12 déc.","12 déc. 2026","2026年12月12日 星期六","Sat 12 Dec","12月12日 週六","12 Dec 2026","2026年12月12日","Dec","December",{"status":1256,"date_slug":1301,"time_label":1258,"timezone_abbr":1259,"date_label":1302,"date_label_fr":1303,"date_short_fr":1304,"date_only_fr":1305,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1264,"date_label_zh":1306,"date_short":1307,"date_short_zh":1308,"date_only":1309,"date_only_zh":1310,"is_multi_day":1185,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":137,"month_short":1311,"month_long":1312,"month_num":38,"year":1313,"weekday_short":1273,"weekday_index":951},"2027-01-17","Sunday, 17 January 2027","dimanche 17 janvier 2027","dim. 17 janv.","17 janv. 2027","2027年1月17日 星期日","Sun 17 Jan","1月17日 週日","17 Jan 2027","2027年1月17日","Jan","January",2027,{"status":1256,"date_slug":1257,"time_label":1258,"timezone_abbr":1259,"date_label":1260,"date_label_fr":1261,"date_short_fr":1262,"date_only_fr":1263,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1264,"date_label_zh":1265,"date_short":1266,"date_short_zh":1267,"date_only":1268,"date_only_zh":1269,"is_multi_day":1185,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":38,"month_short":1270,"month_long":1271,"month_num":1077,"year":1272,"weekday_short":1273,"weekday_index":951},{"id":1316,"slug":1317,"available_locales":1318,"path":1319,"title":1320,"venue":1323,"hero_image_url":1324,"card_image_url":1324,"card_landscape_url":1325,"lifecycle":1326,"session_mode":1253,"sessions":1327,"next_session":1416},78700,"baduanjin-workshop-september",[924,925,926],"\u002Fevents\u002Finternal-arts-wellness\u002Fbaduanjin-workshop-september",{"en":1321,"zh":1322},"Baduanjin Workshop — November 2026 Sessions","古法八段錦 · 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2026","2026年9月13日",13,"Sep","September",{"status":1329,"date_slug":1346,"time_label":1331,"timezone_abbr":1259,"date_label":1347,"date_label_fr":1348,"date_short_fr":1349,"date_only_fr":1350,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1336,"date_label_zh":1351,"date_short":1352,"date_short_zh":1353,"date_only":1354,"date_only_zh":1355,"is_multi_day":1185,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":1356,"month_short":1343,"month_long":1344,"month_num":16,"year":1272,"weekday_short":1273,"weekday_index":951},"2026-09-27","Sunday, 27 September 2026","dimanche 27 septembre 2026","dim. 27 sept.","27 sept. 2026","2026年9月27日 星期日","Sun 27 Sep","9月27日 週日","27 Sep 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