[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"site-nav-reference-en":3,"site-nav-zh":4,"site-nav-zh-all-arts":289,"event-categories-zh":902,"site-settings":1145,"node-zh-arts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Frolling-tea-leaves-rounian-pressure-shape-cell-disruption":1187,"live-course-events":1219},null,{"data":5},{"header":6,"footer":264},[7,51,82,123,161,187,229,260],{"to":8,"label":9,"label_zh":10,"children":11},"\u002Fdao","TAO","道",[12,17,22,26,30,34,39,43,47],{"to":13,"label":14,"label_zh":15,"n":16},"\u002Fdao\u002Fintroduction","Begin with the Tao","道學入門",9,{"to":18,"label":19,"label_zh":20,"n":21},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing","I Ching","易經",7,{"to":23,"label":24,"label_zh":25,"n":16},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing","Tao Te Ching","道德經",{"to":27,"label":28,"label_zh":29,"n":21},"\u002Fdao\u002Ftaiji","Taiji","太極",{"to":31,"label":32,"label_zh":33,"n":21},"\u002Fdao\u002Fzhuang-zi","Zhuangzi","莊子",{"to":35,"label":36,"label_zh":37,"n":38},"\u002Fdao\u002Fclassics","Classical Library","道家經典文庫",1,{"to":40,"label":41,"label_zh":42},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdaoist-philosophy","Taoist Philosophy","道家哲學",{"to":44,"label":45,"label_zh":46},"\u002Fdao\u002Fwu-wei-natural-living","Wu Wei & Natural Living","無為與自然生活",{"to":48,"label":49,"label_zh":50},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdaoist-view-of-life","A Taoist View of Life","道家人生觀",{"to":52,"label":53,"label_zh":54,"children":55},"\u002Fmartial-arts","Martial Arts","武當武術",[56,61,65,70,74,78],{"to":57,"label":58,"label_zh":59,"n":60},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ffoundations-internal-arts","Foundations of Internal Martial Arts","內家拳基礎",6,{"to":62,"label":63,"label_zh":64,"n":21},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ftaijiquan","Taijiquan (Tai Chi)","太極拳",{"to":66,"label":67,"label_zh":68,"n":69},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fbaguazhang","Baguazhang: Circle Walking, Palm Changes and Movement","八卦掌：走圈、換掌與身法變化",5,{"to":71,"label":72,"label_zh":73,"n":69},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fxingyiquan","Xingyiquan: Structure, Intention and Direct Training","形意拳：結構、意念與直接訓練",{"to":75,"label":76,"label_zh":77,"n":21},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fweapons","Wudang Sword and Weapons: History, Practice and Context","武當劍與兵器：歷史、練習與文化語境",{"to":79,"label":80,"label_zh":81,"n":21},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ftraining-practice","Training and Practice: Building a Sustainable Wudang Routine","訓練與習練：建立可持續的武當練習",{"to":83,"label":84,"label_zh":85,"children":86},"\u002Fwellness","Wellness","養生",[87,91,95,99,103,107,111,115,119],{"to":88,"label":89,"label_zh":90,"n":21},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fqigong","Qigong","氣功",{"to":92,"label":93,"label_zh":94,"n":60},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fherbal-healing","Chinese Herbal Medicine","中藥與本草",{"to":96,"label":97,"label_zh":98,"n":60},"\u002Fwellness\u002Ftaoist-medicine","Taoist Medicine","道家醫學",{"to":100,"label":101,"label_zh":102,"n":60},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fenergy-sound-healing","Sound & Energy Practices","聲音與能量練習",{"to":104,"label":105,"label_zh":106},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fstanding-practice","Standing Practice","站樁",{"to":108,"label":109,"label_zh":110},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fwudang-internal-cultivation","Wudang Internal Cultivation","武當內修",{"to":112,"label":113,"label_zh":114},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fmoxibustion","Moxibustion","艾灸",{"to":116,"label":117,"label_zh":118},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fbigu","Bigu","辟穀",{"to":120,"label":121,"label_zh":122,"n":38},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fbaduanjin","Baduanjin (Eight Brocades)","八段錦",{"to":124,"label":125,"label_zh":126,"children":127},"\u002Farts","Literati Arts","文人雅藝",[128,133,138,143,148,153,157],{"to":129,"label":130,"label_zh":131,"n":132},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature","Chinese Poetry and Literature: Forms, Contexts and Reading Paths","中國詩詞與文學：體式、語境與閱讀路徑",49,{"to":134,"label":135,"label_zh":136,"n":137},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy","Chinese Calligraphy: Scripts, Materials and Ways of Looking","中國書法：書體、材料與觀賞入門",17,{"to":139,"label":140,"label_zh":141,"n":142},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony","Chinese Tea Culture","中國茶文化",39,{"to":144,"label":145,"label_zh":146,"n":147},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin","Guqin: Sound, History and Ways to Listen","古琴：認識聲音、歷史與聆聽方法",12,{"to":149,"label":150,"label_zh":151,"n":152},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting","Chinese Painting: Materials, Formats and Ways of Looking","中國繪畫：材料、形制與觀看方法",15,{"to":154,"label":155,"label_zh":156,"n":16},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense","Chinese Incense Culture","中國香文化",{"to":158,"label":159,"label_zh":160,"n":21},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement","Chinese Flower Arrangement: History, Materials and Ways of Looking","中國插花：歷史、花材與觀看方法",{"to":162,"label":163,"label_zh":164,"children":165},"\u002Fdaoism","Taoist Culture","道教文化",[166,170,174,178,183],{"to":167,"label":168,"label_zh":169,"n":16},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-deities-pantheon","Taoist Deities and the Chinese Pantheon: A Structural Guide","道教神仙與神明體系：結構與層級指南",{"to":171,"label":172,"label_zh":173,"n":21},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-temples-sacred-mountains","Taoist Temples and Sacred Mountains: A Guide to Places and Architecture","道教名山與宮觀：聖地、建築與制度指南",{"to":175,"label":176,"label_zh":177,"n":21},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-schools-lineages","Taoist Schools and Lineages: Zhengyi, Quanzhen and Historical Traditions","道教流派與傳承：正一、全真及歷史道派",{"to":179,"label":180,"label_zh":181,"n":182},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals","Taoist Festivals and Rituals: Calendars, Offerings and Community Rites","道教節日與科儀：神誕、齋醮與歲時儀式",19,{"to":184,"label":185,"label_zh":186,"n":60},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Feight-immortals","The Eight Immortals: Origins, Symbols and Taoist Legends","八仙：人物、象徵與道教傳說",{"to":188,"label":189,"label_zh":190,"children":191},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics","Chinese Metaphysics","易學與傳統術數",[192,196,200,204,208,213,217,221,225],{"to":193,"label":194,"label_zh":195,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fyin-yang-five-elements","Yin-Yang and the Five Phases in Chinese Thought","陰陽五行：理解關係與變化",{"to":197,"label":198,"label_zh":199,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fganzhi-stems-branches","Chinese Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches (Ganzhi)","天干地支（干支）：中國曆法與術數的六十迴圈",{"to":201,"label":202,"label_zh":203,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Ffeng-shui","Chinese Feng Shui: Landscape, Compass Methods and Responsible Practice","中國風水：形勢、羅盤方法與負責任實踐",{"to":205,"label":206,"label_zh":207,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fbazi-four-pillars","BaZi (Four Pillars of Destiny): How the Eight Characters Work","八字四柱命理：八個字如何構成命盤",{"to":209,"label":210,"label_zh":211,"n":212},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fzi-wei-dou-shu","Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology): How the Twelve-Palace Chart Works","紫微斗數：十二宮命盤如何運作",8,{"to":214,"label":215,"label_zh":216,"n":212},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fdate-selection","Chinese Date Selection: How Auspicious Days Are Chosen","中國擇吉：傳統吉日如何選擇",{"to":218,"label":219,"label_zh":220,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fphysiognomy","Chinese Physiognomy: Face Reading, Palm Reading and Their Limits","中國相術：面相、手相及其侷限",{"to":222,"label":223,"label_zh":224,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fdivination-arts","Chinese Divination Arts: Methods, History and Responsible Use","中國占卜術：方法、歷史與負責任使用",{"to":226,"label":227,"label_zh":228,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fluoshu-hetu","The Hetu, Luoshu and Nine Palaces in Chinese Cosmology","河圖、洛書與九宮：中國傳統圖式的歷史與用途",{"to":230,"label":231,"label_zh":232,"children":233},"\u002Fwudang-mountain","Experience Wudang","武當之旅",[234,238,243,248,252,256],{"to":235,"label":236,"label_zh":237,"n":21},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fintroduction","Introduction to Wudang Mountain","初識武當山",{"to":239,"label":240,"label_zh":241,"n":242},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Ftemples-and-sites","Wudang Mountain Temples and Sacred Sites","武當山宮觀與勝蹟",3,{"to":244,"label":245,"label_zh":246,"n":247},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fplanning-a-visit","Planning a Visit to Wudang Mountain","武當山行前規劃指南",4,{"to":249,"label":250,"label_zh":251,"n":242},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fstudying-at-wudang","Studying Martial Arts at Wudang Mountain","在武當山學習武術",{"to":253,"label":254,"label_zh":255,"n":242},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Ftemple-etiquette","Wudang Temple Etiquette: A Visitor’s Guide","武當宮觀參訪禮儀",{"to":257,"label":258,"label_zh":259,"n":69},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fpractical-reference","Wudang Mountain Practical Reference","武當山實用參考資料",{"to":261,"label":262,"label_zh":263},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Feveryday-wudang","Everyday Wudang","武當日常",[265,266,267,268,269,270,271,272,273,277,281,285],{"to":8,"label":9,"label_zh":10},{"to":52,"label":53,"label_zh":54},{"to":83,"label":84,"label_zh":85},{"to":124,"label":125,"label_zh":126},{"to":162,"label":163,"label_zh":164},{"to":188,"label":189,"label_zh":190},{"to":230,"label":231,"label_zh":232},{"to":261,"label":262,"label_zh":263},{"to":274,"label":275,"label_zh":276},"\u002Fabout","About Wudang.Org","關於 Wudang.Org",{"to":278,"label":279,"label_zh":280},"\u002Fstart-here","Start Here","從這裡開始",{"to":282,"label":283,"label_zh":284},"\u002Ffind-a-practice","Find a Practice","找到適合你的修習",{"to":286,"label":287,"label_zh":288},"\u002Fteachers","Our Teachers","授課老師",{"data":290},{"all":291,"header":900,"footer":901},[292],{"to":124,"label":125,"label_zh":126,"children":293},[294,492,562,720,770,832,870],{"to":129,"label":130,"label_zh":131,"children":295},[296,300,304,308,312,316,320,324,328,332,336,340,344,348,352,356,360,364,368,372,376,380,384,388,392,396,400,404,408,412,416,420,424,428,432,436,440,444,448,452,456,460,464,468,472,476,480,484,488],{"to":297,"label":298,"label_zh":299},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Forigins-spirit-of-chinese-poetry","Origins of Chinese Poetry: Song, Text and Interpretation","中國詩歌的源流：歌唱、文本與闡釋",{"to":301,"label":302,"label_zh":303},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fbook-of-songs-classical-foundations","The Book of Songs: Voices, Performance and Interpretation","《詩經》：聲音、禮樂與闡釋",{"to":305,"label":306,"label_zh":307},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Ftang-poetry-golden-age","Tang Poetry: Forms, Voices and a Lasting Canon","唐詩：體式、聲音與經典的形成",{"to":309,"label":310,"label_zh":311},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Ftaoist-landscape-poetry","Daoist Traditions and Landscape Poetry: Place, Reclusion and Interpretation","道家、道教與山水詩：地方、隱逸與解讀",{"to":313,"label":314,"label_zh":315},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fpoetry-as-cultivation","Poetry as Cultivation at Wudang: Reading, Attention and Writing","武當詩文與自我涵養：閱讀、觀察與寫作",{"to":317,"label":318,"label_zh":319},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fkey-poets-further-reading","Chinese Poetry: Poets, Editions and Reading Paths","中國詩詞閱讀：詩人、版本與入門路徑",{"to":321,"label":322,"label_zh":323},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fhow-to-read-chinese-regulated-verse","How to Read Chinese Regulated Verse: Lines, Rhyme, Tone and Parallelism","怎樣讀中國近體詩：句式、押韻、平仄與對仗",{"to":325,"label":326,"label_zh":327},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fhow-to-read-chinese-ci-lyrics","How to Read Chinese Ci Lyrics: Tune Patterns, Voice and Transmission","怎樣讀中國詞：詞牌、聲音與文本流傳",{"to":329,"label":330,"label_zh":331},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-poetry-anthologies-canon-transmission","How Chinese Poetry Anthologies Shape What We Read","中國詩歌選本怎樣塑造我們的閱讀",{"to":333,"label":334,"label_zh":335},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-thread-bound-books-folding-stitching-reading","Chinese Thread-Bound Books: Folding, Stitching and the Shape of Reading","中國線裝書：摺頁、裝訂與閱讀形態",{"to":337,"label":338,"label_zh":339},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fhow-to-read-chinese-paired-couplets-parallelism-calligraphy-place","How to Read Chinese Paired Couplets: Parallel Lines, Calligraphy and Place","怎樣讀中國對聯：對仗、書法與空間",{"to":341,"label":342,"label_zh":343},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fpoetry-on-chinese-paintings-inscriptions-colophons","Poetry on Chinese Paintings: How to Read Inscriptions and Colophons","中國畫上的詩：怎樣讀題款與題跋",{"to":345,"label":346,"label_zh":347},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-fu-rhapsody-catalogues-courts-expansive-description","Chinese Fu (Rhapsody): Catalogues, Courts and Expansive Description","中國賦：鋪陳、宮廷與展開描寫的藝術",{"to":349,"label":350,"label_zh":351},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fwenxin-diaolong-liu-xie-writing-reading-literary-thought","Wenxin Diaolong: How Liu Xie Thought About Writing and Reading","《文心雕龍》導讀：劉勰怎樣思考寫作與閱讀",{"to":353,"label":354,"label_zh":355},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-shihua-poetry-talks-notes-anecdotes-criticism","Shihua (Poetry Talks): How Chinese Criticism Speaks in Notes and Anecdotes","中國詩話導讀：批評怎樣寫進筆記、軼事與評語",{"to":357,"label":358,"label_zh":359},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-prefaces-afterwords-xu-ba-books-texts-readers","Chinese Prefaces and Afterwords (Xu and Ba): How Books Frame Texts and Readers","中國序跋導讀：書籍怎樣安排文本、作者與讀者",{"to":361,"label":362,"label_zh":363},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-biji-brush-notes-notebooks-miscellanies","Chinese Biji (Brush Notes): How Fragments Become Knowledge and Literature","中國筆記導讀：零散見聞怎樣成為知識與文學",{"to":365,"label":366,"label_zh":367},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-leishu-classified-books-excerpts-knowledge","Chinese Leishu (Classified Books): How Knowledge Was Excerpted and Ordered","中國類書導讀：知識怎樣被摘錄與分類",{"to":369,"label":370,"label_zh":371},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-dictionaries-rhyme-books-erya-shuowen-qieyun-guangyun","Chinese Dictionaries and Rhyme Books: How Characters, Meanings and Sounds Were Ordered","中國字書與韻書導讀：字形、詞義與語音怎樣被編排",{"to":373,"label":374,"label_zh":375},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-primers-sanzijing-baijiaxing-qianziwen-literacy","Chinese Primers and Elementary Literacy: Reading the Three, Hundred and Thousand","中國傳統蒙學讀物導讀：《三字經》《百家姓》《千字文》怎樣教人識字",{"to":377,"label":378,"label_zh":379},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-texts-punctuation-reading-marks-sentence-division-modern-editions","How Chinese Texts Were Punctuated: Reading Marks, Sentence Division and Modern Editions","中國古籍怎樣斷句：句讀、圈點與現代標點",{"to":381,"label":382,"label_zh":383},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-letters-chidu-writing-address-correspondence-calligraphy","Chinese Letters (Chidu): Writing, Address and the Afterlife of Correspondence","中國尺牘導讀：書信格式、稱謂與墨跡流傳",{"to":385,"label":386,"label_zh":387},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-travel-writing-youji-routes-witness-making-place","Chinese Travel Writing (Youji): Routes, Witness and the Making of Place","中國遊記導讀：路線、見聞與地方書寫",{"to":389,"label":390,"label_zh":391},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-individual-collected-works-bieji-authors-editors-transmission","Chinese Individual Collected Works (Bieji): How an Author’s Writings Become a Book","中國別集導讀：一位作者的詩文怎樣成為一部書",{"to":393,"label":394,"label_zh":395},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-guwen-pianwen-ancient-style-parallel-prose-rhythm-argument","Guwen and Pianwen: Two Ways of Shaping Classical Chinese Prose","古文與駢文導讀：中國古典散文的兩種組織方式",{"to":397,"label":398,"label_zh":399},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-eight-legged-essay-baguwen-examination-classics-composition","The Eight-Legged Essay (Baguwen): How an Examination Form Organized Classical Thought","八股文導讀：科舉文章怎樣組織經典義理",{"to":401,"label":402,"label_zh":403},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-examination-compounds-gongyuan-cells-candidate-experience","Chinese Examination Compounds (Gongyuan): How Architecture Shaped the Candidate Experience","中國貢院導讀：考場空間怎樣塑造士子的應試體驗",{"to":405,"label":406,"label_zh":407},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-academies-shuyuan-books-teaching-ritual-landscape","Chinese Academies (Shuyuan): How Books, Teaching and Ritual Made a Scholarly Place","中國書院導讀：書籍、講學與禮儀怎樣構成學術空間",{"to":409,"label":410,"label_zh":411},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-private-libraries-cangshulou-collectors-catalogues-transmission","Chinese Private Libraries (Cangshulou): How Collectors Built Paths for Books to Survive","中國藏書樓導讀：私人收藏怎樣為典籍延續開闢路徑",{"to":413,"label":414,"label_zh":415},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-bookshops-book-markets-publishers-routes-readers","Chinese Bookshops and Book Markets: How Books Became Goods, Routes and Encounters","中國書肆與書市導讀：書籍怎樣成為商品、路線與相遇",{"to":417,"label":418,"label_zh":419},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-illustrated-books-woodblock-images-page-design-reading","Illustrated Chinese Books: How Woodblock Images Shaped the Page","中國古籍插圖導讀：木刻影像怎樣塑造書頁",{"to":421,"label":422,"label_zh":423},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-bibliographies-mulu-catalogues-classification-books-knowledge","Chinese Bibliographies (Mulu): How Catalogues Classified Books and Knowledge","中國目錄學導讀：書目怎樣分類書籍與知識",{"to":425,"label":426,"label_zh":427},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-textual-collation-jiaokan-variant-readings-witnesses-editions","Chinese Textual Collation (Jiaokan): How Scholars Read Variant Texts","中國校勘導讀：怎樣閱讀異文與文本傳本",{"to":429,"label":430,"label_zh":431},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-commentaries-subcommentaries-zhu-jian-shu-layered-reading","Chinese Commentaries and Subcommentaries: How Notes Became Part of the Text","中國註疏導讀：注、箋、疏怎樣層層塑造經典閱讀",{"to":433,"label":434,"label_zh":435},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-book-marginalia-meipi-pangpi-pijiao-reading-history","Marginalia in Chinese Books: How Readers Wrote Back","中國古籍批註導讀：讀者怎樣在書頁上留下閱讀史",{"to":437,"label":438,"label_zh":439},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-book-ownership-seals-cangshuyin-provenance-impressions","Book-Ownership Seals in China: Reading Provenance in Red","中國古籍藏書印導讀：怎樣從朱印追索遞藏",{"to":441,"label":442,"label_zh":443},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-book-paper-fibres-sizing-repairs-dating-evidence","Paper in Chinese Books: Fibres, Sizing, Repairs and the Limits of Dating","中國古籍用紙導讀：纖維、施膠、修補與斷代邊界",{"to":445,"label":446,"label_zh":447},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-book-page-layout-frames-columns-fishtails-centre-fold","Inside the Chinese Book Page: Frames, Columns, Fishtails and the Centre Fold","中國古籍版式導讀：版框、界行、魚尾與版心",{"to":449,"label":450,"label_zh":451},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-book-printers-marks-paiji-kanji-publishing-claims","Printer’s Marks in Chinese Books: Reading Paiji, Kanji and Publishing Claims","中國古籍牌記與刊記導讀：怎樣辨認刊刻、藏版與書坊資訊",{"to":453,"label":454,"label_zh":455},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-movable-type-printing-clay-wood-metal-reuse","Movable Type in Chinese Book History: Clay, Wood, Metal and Reuse","中國古籍活字印刷導讀：泥活字、木活字、金屬活字與複用",{"to":457,"label":458,"label_zh":459},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-woodblock-printing-workflow-writing-carving-inking-impressions","How Chinese Woodblock Printing Worked: Writing, Carving, Inking and Impressions","中國雕版印刷工藝導讀：寫樣、上版、刻版、刷墨與印紙",{"to":461,"label":462,"label_zh":463},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-woodblock-lifecycle-storage-repair-recutting-later-impressions","After the First Printing: How Chinese Woodblocks Were Stored, Repaired and Reused","初印之後：中國雕版的儲藏、遞修、重刻與後印",{"to":465,"label":466,"label_zh":467},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fwho-paid-chinese-book-printing-patronage-profit-donors-funding","Who Paid to Print? Patronage, Profit and Collective Funding in Chinese Book History","誰出資刻書？中國書籍史中的官刻、私資、坊刻與募資",{"to":469,"label":470,"label_zh":471},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fhow-readers-got-books-imperial-china-buying-borrowing-gifts-copying","How Readers Got Books in Imperial China: Buying, Borrowing, Gifting and Copying","古代中國讀者怎樣獲得書籍？購書、借閱、饋贈與抄寫",{"to":473,"label":474,"label_zh":475},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fhow-classical-chinese-poetry-was-heard-recitation-chanting-historical-sound","How Classical Chinese Poetry Was Heard: Recitation, Chanting and Historical Sound","古典詩歌怎樣被聽見？誦讀、吟詠與歷史聲音",{"to":477,"label":478,"label_zh":479},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-poetry-social-exchange-gifts-farewells-replies-rhyme-matching","Poetry as Social Exchange: Gifts, Farewells, Replies and Rhyme-Matching in China","詩歌作為交往：贈答、送別、唱和與次韻",{"to":481,"label":482,"label_zh":483},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-poetry-gatherings-themes-rhyme-lots-linked-composition","How Chinese Poetry Gatherings Worked: Themes, Rhyme Lots and Linked Composition","中國古典詩歌雅集怎樣運作：命題、分韻與聯句",{"to":485,"label":486,"label_zh":487},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-poetry-revision-drafts-variants-editorial-layers","How Chinese Poems Changed: Drafts, Variants and Editorial Layers","中國古典詩歌怎樣改定與流傳：草稿、異文與編輯層次",{"to":489,"label":490,"label_zh":491},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-poetry-attribution-anonymity-disputed-authorship","Who Wrote This Poem? Attribution, Anonymity and Disputed Authorship in Chinese Poetry","這首詩是誰寫的？中國古典詩歌的署名、佚名與作者爭議",{"to":134,"label":135,"label_zh":136,"children":493},[494,498,502,506,510,514,518,522,526,530,534,538,542,546,550,554,558],{"to":495,"label":496,"label_zh":497},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Forigins-history-of-calligraphy","Origins and History of Chinese Calligraphy","中國書法的源流與歷史",{"to":499,"label":500,"label_zh":501},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fthe-five-script-styles","The Five Script Styles in Chinese Calligraphy","中國書法的五種主要書體",{"to":503,"label":504,"label_zh":505},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fcalligraphy-as-taoist-cultivation","Calligraphy and Taoist Cultivation: Text, Attention and Practice","書法與道家修養：讀懂文字，專注落筆",{"to":507,"label":508,"label_zh":509},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Ffour-treasures-of-the-study","The Four Treasures of the Study: Choosing and Using Calligraphy Materials","文房四寶：認識、選擇與使用筆墨紙硯",{"to":511,"label":512,"label_zh":513},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fbrush-technique-living-line","Chinese Calligraphy Brushwork: Reading and Practising the Living Line","書法筆法：觀察與練習有生氣的線條",{"to":515,"label":516,"label_zh":517},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fgreat-masters-further-reading","Chinese Calligraphy Masters and Reading Paths","中國書法名家與閱讀路徑",{"to":519,"label":520,"label_zh":521},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-seals-and-seal-carving","Chinese Seals and Seal Carving: Script, Surface and Impression","中國印章與篆刻：文字、印面與鈐印",{"to":523,"label":524,"label_zh":525},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-ink-rubbings","Chinese Ink Rubbings: Stone, Paper and the Life of Calligraphy","中國傳拓：石刻、紙墨與書法的流傳",{"to":527,"label":528,"label_zh":529},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-inkstones","Chinese Inkstones: Stone, Carving and the Scholar’s Desk","中國硯臺：石材、雕刻與文房生活",{"to":531,"label":532,"label_zh":533},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-inksticks","Chinese Inksticks: Soot, Moulds and the Scholar’s Desk","中國墨錠：煙料、墨模與文房生活",{"to":535,"label":536,"label_zh":537},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-calligraphy-paper","Chinese Calligraphy Paper: Xuan, Sizing and the Life of a Sheet","中國書畫紙：宣紙、施膠與紙張的一生",{"to":539,"label":540,"label_zh":541},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-calligraphy-brushes","Chinese Calligraphy Brushes: Hair, Handle and the Working Point","中國毛筆：毫料、筆管與筆鋒",{"to":543,"label":544,"label_zh":545},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-brush-rests","Chinese Brush Rests: Mountains, Materials and the Scholar’s Desk","中國筆架：山形、材質與文人書案",{"to":547,"label":548,"label_zh":549},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-water-droppers-scholars-desk","Chinese Water Droppers: Flow, Form and the Scholar’s Desk","中國水滴：控水、造型與文人書案",{"to":551,"label":552,"label_zh":553},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-brush-pots-materials-scholars-desk","Chinese Brush Pots: Function, Material and the Scholar’s Desk","中國筆筒：收納、材質與文人書案",{"to":555,"label":556,"label_zh":557},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-brush-washers-water-form-scholars-desk","Chinese Brush Washers: Water, Form and the Scholar’s Desk","中國筆洗：洗筆、造型與文人書案",{"to":559,"label":560,"label_zh":561},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-paperweights-form-material-scholars-desk","Chinese Paperweights: Form, Material and the Scholar’s Desk","中國鎮紙：形制、材質與文人書案",{"to":139,"label":140,"label_zh":141,"children":563},[564,568,572,576,580,584,588,592,596,600,604,608,612,616,620,624,628,632,636,640,644,648,652,656,660,664,668,672,676,680,684,688,692,696,700,704,708,712,716],{"to":565,"label":566,"label_zh":567},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-meditation-taoist-practice","Tea, Meditation and Taoist Practice","茶、靜坐與道家修習",{"to":569,"label":570,"label_zh":571},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Forigins-history-of-tea-culture","Origins and History of Chinese Tea Culture","中國茶文化的源流與歷史",{"to":573,"label":574,"label_zh":575},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fthe-way-of-tea","The Way of Tea: Attention, Care and Hospitality","茶道：在一杯茶中練習用心與待客",{"to":577,"label":578,"label_zh":579},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftypes-of-tea-and-character","Six Chinese Tea Families: Processing and Taste","六大茶類：從製法到品飲",{"to":581,"label":582,"label_zh":583},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Futensils-and-gongfu-method","Gongfu Tea: Utensils and a Flexible Method","工夫茶：茶具與靈活沖泡法",{"to":585,"label":586,"label_zh":587},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ffurther-reading-and-practice","Learning Chinese Tea: Reading and Practice","學茶入門：閱讀與品飲練習",{"to":589,"label":590,"label_zh":591},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fwater-for-chinese-tea","Water for Chinese Tea: Springs, Minerals and a Practical Tasting Method","中國茶用水：山泉、礦物與實用對比方法",{"to":593,"label":594,"label_zh":595},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fchinese-teaware-clay-glaze-form","Chinese Tea Ware: Clay, Porcelain, Glaze and the Uses of Form","中國茶器：胎土、瓷釉、造型與使用",{"to":597,"label":598,"label_zh":599},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fchinese-tea-caddies","Chinese Tea Caddies: Storage, Materials and the Traveling Leaf","中國茶葉罐：貯藏、材質與流動的茶葉",{"to":601,"label":602,"label_zh":603},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fsong-whisked-tea-powder-bowls-foam","Whisked Tea in Song China: Powder, Bowls and Foam","宋代點茶：茶末、茶盞與湯花",{"to":605,"label":606,"label_zh":607},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fyixing-teapots-clay-form-makers-marks","Yixing Teapots: Clay, Form and Reading the Maker’s Mark","宜興紫砂壺：泥料、器形與款識",{"to":609,"label":610,"label_zh":611},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fcompressed-tea-cakes-bricks-trade-storage-object-reading","Compressed Tea in China: Cakes, Bricks and How to Read Them","中國緊壓茶：茶餅、茶磚與辨讀方法",{"to":613,"label":614,"label_zh":615},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-horse-trade-networks-routes-markets-cultural-exchange","Tea–Horse Trade Networks: Routes, Markets and Cultural Exchange","茶馬貿易網路：路線、市場與文化交流",{"to":617,"label":618,"label_zh":619},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-landscapes-china-gardens-forests-terraces-living-knowledge","Tea Landscapes in China: Gardens, Forests, Terraces and Living Knowledge","中國茶景觀：茶園、古茶林、梯田與活態知識",{"to":621,"label":622,"label_zh":623},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fpicking-tea-china-seasons-bud-leaf-standards-skilled-labour","Picking Tea in China: Seasons, Bud-and-Leaf Standards and Skilled Labour","中國採茶：季節、芽葉標準與勞作技藝",{"to":625,"label":626,"label_zh":627},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fwithering-tea-leaves-water-loss-time-first-transformation","Withering Tea Leaves: Water Loss, Time and the First Transformation","茶葉萎凋：失水、時間與採後初變",{"to":629,"label":630,"label_zh":631},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ffixing-tea-leaves-shaqing-heat-enzymes-turning-point","Fixing Tea Leaves (Shaqing): Heat, Enzymes and a Turning Point in Chinese Tea","茶葉殺青：熱、酶活性與中國製茶的轉折點",{"to":633,"label":634,"label_zh":635},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Frolling-tea-leaves-rounian-pressure-shape-cell-disruption","Rolling Tea Leaves (Rounian): Pressure, Shape and Controlled Cell Disruption","茶葉揉捻：壓力、形態與受控細胞破損",{"to":637,"label":638,"label_zh":639},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fdrying-tea-leaves-moisture-heat-stability-finished-tea","Drying Tea Leaves: Moisture, Heat and the Stability of Finished Tea","茶葉乾燥：水分、熱量與成茶穩定",{"to":641,"label":642,"label_zh":643},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fsorting-grading-tea-leaf-size-shape-grade-meaning","Sorting and Grading Tea: Leaf Size, Shape and What a Grade Really Means","茶葉篩分與分級：葉片大小、形態與等級的真正含義",{"to":645,"label":646,"label_zh":647},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-blending-batch-construction-consistency-style-transparency","Tea Blending and Batch Construction: Consistency, Style and Transparent Labels","茶葉拼配與批次構建：穩定、風格與透明標示",{"to":649,"label":650,"label_zh":651},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-oxidation-post-fermentation-enzymes-microbes-terms","Oxidation and Post-Fermentation in Tea: Enzymes, Microbes and Misleading Labels","茶葉氧化與後發酵：酶、微生物與容易混淆的標籤",{"to":653,"label":654,"label_zh":655},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fyellow-tea-menhuang-moist-heat-time-tea-family","Yellow Tea and Menhuang: Moist Heat, Time and the Making of a Tea Family","黃茶與悶黃：溼熱、時間與一類茶的形成",{"to":657,"label":658,"label_zh":659},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Frefiring-roasting-tea-later-heat-aroma-finished-leaf","Re-Firing and Roasting Tea: Later Heat, Aroma and the Difference from Drying","茶葉復火與焙火：後段加熱、香氣及其與乾燥的區別",{"to":661,"label":662,"label_zh":663},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fjasmine-tea-scenting-flowers-repeated-rounds-aroma-transfer","Jasmine Tea and Scenting: Flowers, Repeated Rounds and How Aroma Enters Tea","茉莉花茶與窨制：鮮花、多次窨香與茶葉如何吸收香氣",{"to":665,"label":666,"label_zh":667},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-sensory-evaluation-appearance-aroma-taste-score-limits","Tea Sensory Evaluation: Appearance, Aroma, Taste and the Limits of a Score","茶葉感官審評：外形、香氣、滋味與分數的邊界",{"to":669,"label":670,"label_zh":671},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fdoucha-song-tea-contests-whisked-tea-jian-bowls-modern-judging","Doucha: Tea Contests in Song China and the Limits of Modern Re-Creation","鬥茶：宋代茶事競賽與現代重現的邊界",{"to":673,"label":674,"label_zh":675},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fbeiyuan-tribute-tea-song-court-labour-imperial-label","Beiyuan Tribute Tea: Song Court Taste, Skilled Labour and the Limits of ‘Imperial Tea’","北苑貢茶：宋代宮廷品味、製茶勞作與“御茶”標籤的邊界",{"to":677,"label":678,"label_zh":679},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Freading-chinese-tea-classics-authorship-editions-recipe-limits","Reading Chinese Tea Classics: Authorship, Editions and the Limits of a ‘Recipe’","如何閱讀中國茶書：作者、版本與“配方”式解讀的邊界",{"to":681,"label":682,"label_zh":683},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-in-chinese-poetry-social-worlds-metaphor-historical-evidence","Tea in Chinese Poetry: Social Worlds, Metaphor and the Limits of Literary Evidence","中國詩歌中的茶：社會交往、詩意表達與文學證據的邊界",{"to":685,"label":686,"label_zh":687},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fchinese-teahouses-commerce-conversation-performance-urban-publics","Chinese Teahouses: Commerce, Conversation, Performance and Changing Urban Publics","中國茶館：商業、交往、表演與變動中的城市公共生活",{"to":689,"label":690,"label_zh":691},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-in-chinese-painting-objects-social-worlds-visual-evidence","Tea in Chinese Painting: Objects, Social Worlds and the Limits of Visual Evidence","中國繪畫中的茶：器物、社會空間與視覺證據的邊界",{"to":693,"label":694,"label_zh":695},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-in-dream-of-the-red-chamber-hospitality-rank-labour-fiction","Tea in Dream of the Red Chamber: Hospitality, Rank, Labour and Fiction","《紅樓夢》中的茶：待客、等級、勞動與小說敘事",{"to":697,"label":698,"label_zh":699},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-in-chinese-travel-writing-roads-hospitality-regional-evidence","Tea in Chinese Travel Writing: Roads, Hospitality and the Limits of an Itinerary","中國遊記中的茶：道路、待客與行程證據的邊界",{"to":701,"label":702,"label_zh":703},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-in-chinese-letters-gifts-visits-friendship-private-writing","Tea in Chinese Letters: Gifts, Visits, Friendship and the Limits of ‘Private’ Writing","中國書信中的茶：饋贈、訪友、人情與“私語”證據的邊界",{"to":705,"label":706,"label_zh":707},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-tax-monopoly-imperial-china-fiscal-records-daily-life","Tea, Tax and Monopoly in Imperial China: Reading Fiscal Records Without Mistaking Revenue for Daily Life","中國曆代茶稅與專賣：財政記錄能告訴我們什麼，又不能告訴我們什麼",{"to":709,"label":710,"label_zh":711},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-chinese-local-gazetteers-place-production-local-knowledge","Tea in Chinese Local Gazetteers: Place, Production and the Limits of Local Knowledge","中國地方誌中的茶：產地、生產與地方知識的邊界",{"to":713,"label":714,"label_zh":715},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-chinese-materia-medica-names-preparations-medical-claims","Tea in Chinese Materia Medica: Names, Preparations and the Limits of Medical Claims","中國本草中的茶：名稱、製法與醫藥記載的邊界",{"to":717,"label":718,"label_zh":719},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-chinese-buddhist-monastic-rules-ceremony-office-origin-stories","Tea in Chinese Buddhist Monastic Rules: Ceremony, Office and the Limits of Origin Stories","中國佛教清規中的茶：禮儀、職事與起源故事的邊界",{"to":144,"label":145,"label_zh":146,"children":721},[722,726,730,734,738,742,746,750,754,758,762,766],{"to":723,"label":724,"label_zh":725},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Forigins-history-of-the-guqin","A History of the Guqin: Objects, Texts and Living Music","古琴的歷史：實物、文獻與傳習",{"to":727,"label":728,"label_zh":729},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Fanatomy-of-the-guqin","How the Guqin Works: Strings, Body and Sound","古琴如何發聲：琴絃、琴身與結構",{"to":731,"label":732,"label_zh":733},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Fplaying-technique-and-notation","Playing the Guqin: Gesture, Notation and Interpretation","古琴怎樣彈、怎樣讀譜：指法、減字譜與詮釋",{"to":735,"label":736,"label_zh":737},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Ffamous-melodies-and-stories","Guqin Melodies: Stories, Versions and Ways to Listen","聽懂古琴名曲：故事、版本與聆聽線索",{"to":739,"label":740,"label_zh":741},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Fguqin-as-taoist-cultivation","Guqin and Daoist Cultivation: Listening, Practice and Limits","古琴與道家修養：聆聽、練習與邊界",{"to":743,"label":744,"label_zh":745},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Ffurther-listening-and-study","Learning the Guqin: Listening, Sources and Finding a Teacher","怎樣學古琴：聆聽、資料與擇師",{"to":747,"label":748,"label_zh":749},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Fguqin-tables-playing-spaces","Guqin Tables and Playing Spaces: Support, Posture and Listening","古琴桌與彈琴空間：承托、坐姿與聆聽",{"to":751,"label":752,"label_zh":753},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Fhow-to-read-guqin-handbook-tablature-editions-dapu","How to Read a Guqin Handbook: Tablature, Editions and Dapu","如何讀古琴譜：減字譜、版本與打譜",{"to":755,"label":756,"label_zh":757},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Freading-guqin-lacquer-layers-crack-patterns-repair","Reading Guqin Lacquer: Layers, Crack Patterns and Repair","讀懂古琴漆面：漆層、斷紋與修繕",{"to":759,"label":760,"label_zh":761},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Freading-guqin-inscriptions-seals-names-dates-provenance","Reading Guqin Inscriptions and Seals: Names, Dates and Provenance","讀懂古琴銘款與印章：琴名、年代與流傳",{"to":763,"label":764,"label_zh":765},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Fguqin-forms-zhongni-banana-leaf-shapes","Guqin Forms: Reading Zhongni, Banana-Leaf and Other Shapes","古琴式樣：讀懂仲尼式、蕉葉式與其他琴式",{"to":767,"label":768,"label_zh":769},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Fguqin-strings-silk-modern-composites-playing","Guqin Strings: Silk, Modern Composites and How Material Changes Playing","古琴琴絃：絲絃、現代複合弦與材質如何改變演奏",{"to":149,"label":150,"label_zh":151,"children":771},[772,776,780,784,788,792,796,800,804,808,812,816,820,824,828],{"to":773,"label":774,"label_zh":775},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Forigins-history-of-chinese-painting","Origins and History of Chinese Painting: Objects, Courts and Communities","中國繪畫的源流與歷史：作品、宮廷與社會",{"to":777,"label":778,"label_zh":779},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fart-of-ink-and-brush","Ink and Brush in Chinese Painting: Materials, Water and Marks","中國畫的筆墨：材料、水分與筆痕",{"to":781,"label":782,"label_zh":783},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Flandscape-painting-shanshui","Shanshui: How to Read Chinese Landscape Painting","山水畫：怎樣讀懂中國山水",{"to":785,"label":786,"label_zh":787},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fbirds-flowers-four-gentlemen","Birds, Flowers and the Four Gentlemen in Chinese Painting","中國畫中的花鳥與四君子",{"to":789,"label":790,"label_zh":791},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fpainting-as-taoist-cultivation","Painting and Taoist Cultivation: Images, Ideas and Practice","繪畫與道家修養：影像、觀念與實踐",{"to":793,"label":794,"label_zh":795},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fgreat-masters-further-study","Chinese Painting Masters: A Guided Path","中國畫名家與進階研習",{"to":797,"label":798,"label_zh":799},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fhow-to-read-chinese-handscroll","How to Read a Chinese Handscroll: Sequence, Colophons and Seals","怎樣觀看中國手卷：展開順序、題跋與印章",{"to":801,"label":802,"label_zh":803},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fchinese-fan-painting","Chinese Fan Painting: Shape, Brushwork and the Art of the Small Format","中國扇面書畫：形制、筆墨與方寸之美",{"to":805,"label":806,"label_zh":807},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fhow-to-read-chinese-painting-album","How to Read a Chinese Painting Album: Leaves, Sequence and Intimate Viewing","如何閱讀中國畫冊頁：開頁、次序與案頭觀看",{"to":809,"label":810,"label_zh":811},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fchinese-scholars-rocks","Chinese Scholars’ Rocks: Stone, Display and Imagined Landscapes","中國文人賞石：石質、陳設與想像山水",{"to":813,"label":814,"label_zh":815},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fhow-to-read-chinese-hanging-scroll","How to Read a Chinese Hanging Scroll: Vertical Space, Mounting and Display","如何閱讀中國立軸：縱向空間、裝裱與陳設",{"to":817,"label":818,"label_zh":819},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fchinese-screens-space-painting","Chinese Screens: Space, Painting and the Art of the Fold","中國屏風：空間、影像與開合之藝",{"to":821,"label":822,"label_zh":823},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fmounting-chinese-painting","Mounting Chinese Painting: Silk Borders, Backing Papers and the Life of a Scroll","中國畫裝裱：綾邊、托紙與卷軸的生命",{"to":825,"label":826,"label_zh":827},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fchinese-portrait-painting-likeness-role-ancestral-memory","Chinese Portrait Painting: Likeness, Role and Ancestral Memory","中國肖像畫：形神、身份與祖先記憶",{"to":829,"label":830,"label_zh":831},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fthree-distances-chinese-landscape-painting","The Three Distances in Chinese Landscape Painting: High, Deep and Level Space","中國山水畫的“三遠”：高遠、深遠與平遠",{"to":154,"label":155,"label_zh":156,"children":833},[834,838,842,846,850,854,858,862,866],{"to":835,"label":836,"label_zh":837},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Forigins-history-of-incense-culture","Origins and History of Chinese Incense Culture","中國香文化的源流與歷史",{"to":839,"label":840,"label_zh":841},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Faromatic-materials-fragrant-woods","Aromatic Materials: Woods, Resins and Responsible Sourcing","香材指南：香木、樹脂與負責任的來源",{"to":843,"label":844,"label_zh":845},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Fforms-and-art-of-appreciation","Incense Forms and the Art of Appreciation","香的形態與品香方法",{"to":847,"label":848,"label_zh":849},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Fincense-in-ritual-and-temple-life","Incense in Daoist Ritual and Temple Life","香在道教科儀與宮觀生活中",{"to":851,"label":852,"label_zh":853},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Fincense-meditation-taoist-practice","Incense, Meditation and Taoist Practice","香、靜坐與道家修習",{"to":855,"label":856,"label_zh":857},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Ffurther-reading-and-practice","Learning Chinese Incense: Reading and Practice","學習中國香文化：閱讀與實踐",{"to":859,"label":860,"label_zh":861},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Fchinese-incense-burners","Chinese Incense Burners: Bronze, Ceramic, Form and Context","中國香爐：青銅、陶瓷、形制與使用語境",{"to":863,"label":864,"label_zh":865},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Fchinese-incense-seals-fragrant-time","Chinese Incense Seals: Ash, Patterns and Fragrant Time","中國香篆：香灰、篆紋與芬芳計時",{"to":867,"label":868,"label_zh":869},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Fchinese-incense-sets-burner-box-vase-tools","Chinese Incense Sets: Burner, Box, Vase and Tools","中國香具三式：爐、盒、瓶與匙箸",{"to":158,"label":159,"label_zh":160,"children":871},[872,876,880,884,888,892,896],{"to":873,"label":874,"label_zh":875},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Forigins-history-of-floral-art","A History of Chinese Flower Arrangement: Vessels, Pictures and Voices","中國插花史：器物、影像與文字中的花事",{"to":877,"label":878,"label_zh":879},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Fprinciples-of-flower-arrangement","Chinese Flower Arrangement: Line, Balance and Ways of Looking","中國插花構圖：線條、平衡與觀看方法",{"to":881,"label":882,"label_zh":883},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Fvessels-tools-and-composition","Choosing Flower Vessels and Tools: Form, Support and Care","選擇花器與工具：形制、支撐和養護",{"to":885,"label":886,"label_zh":887},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Fseasonal-flowers-and-symbolism","Seasonal Flowers and Symbolism: How to Read Context","時令花材與象徵：怎樣結合語境來讀",{"to":889,"label":890,"label_zh":891},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Fflower-arrangement-as-cultivation","Flower Arrangement as Cultivation: Attention, Change and Limits","插花與修養：專注、變化與界限",{"to":893,"label":894,"label_zh":895},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Ffurther-reading-and-practice","Further Reading and Practice: Sources, Museums and a First Month","延伸閱讀與練習：史料、博物館與第一個月",{"to":897,"label":898,"label_zh":899},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Fchinese-flower-baskets-weaving-painting-vessels","Chinese Flower Baskets: Weaving, Painting and the Vessel","中國花籃：編織、繪畫與器物",[],[],{"data":903},[904,940,963,982,1003,1022,1042,1060,1081,1104,1126],{"id":38,"uuid":905,"slug":906,"available_locales":907,"name":911,"description":914,"body":916,"path":919,"images":920,"image_urls":925,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":930,"seo_description":933,"sort_order":935,"is_active":936,"status":937,"created_at":938,"updated_at":939},"f1a30881-20c6-407b-b546-669e839a178a","feng-shui-learning",[908,909,910],"en","zh","fr",{"en":912,"zh":913},"Feng Shui Learning","風水課程",{"en":915,"zh":3},"Study feng shui as a historical Chinese tradition of interpreting orientation, form and environment—with clear limits on predictive claims.",{"en":917,"zh":918},"\u003Ch2>\u003Cem>Feng shui 風水 developed through multiple schools, texts and professional traditions. It brings together observations of landform, orientation, water, buildings and correlative cosmology. It should not be reduced to decorative rules, nor presented as a scientifically proven way to guarantee health, wealth or relationships.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cem>Classes introduce core vocabulary, the distinction between major approaches and the cultural contexts in which feng shui has been practised. Contemporary applications are discussed critically. Students remain responsible for property, financial and personal decisions and should seek qualified professional advice where those decisions carry material consequences.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>風水形成於不同的流派、典籍與專業傳統，綜合觀察地形、方位、水勢、建築以及陰陽五行等關聯性宇宙觀。它不應被簡化為裝飾規則，也不能被宣傳為保證健康、財富或關係結果的科學方法。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>課程介紹基本術語、主要方法的差別，以及風水在歷史社會中的實踐語境，並以批判態度討論當代應用。涉及房產、財務或其他重大決定時，學員仍應根據事實判斷，並諮詢具備資質的相關專業人士。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Ffeng-shui-learning",[921,922,923,924],"wudang\u002Fevents\u002FYpvXV9T4BG3YVD0NQ150.webp","wudang\u002Fevents\u002FfhZyCVAEQXsL76XmGdVp.webp","wudang\u002Fevents\u002FAt5a8W2EGZ9IhDUbI4f3.avif","wudang\u002Fevents\u002FBKPjfYeMNJ617LWJ7tgv.avif",[926,927,928,929],"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FYpvXV9T4BG3YVD0NQ150.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FfhZyCVAEQXsL76XmGdVp.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FAt5a8W2EGZ9IhDUbI4f3.avif","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FBKPjfYeMNJ617LWJ7tgv.avif",{"en":931,"zh":932},"Feng Shui Classes and Courses","風水課程：方位、形勢與空間觀念入門",{"en":915,"zh":934},"從歷史、環境與文化語境學習風水，理解方位、形勢與空間觀念，同時明確傳統解釋與科學證據的界限。",0,true,"active","2026-07-13T05:17:57.000000Z","2026-09-25T03:51:12.000000Z",{"id":60,"uuid":941,"slug":942,"available_locales":943,"name":944,"description":947,"body":950,"path":953,"images":954,"image_urls":955,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":956,"seo_description":959,"sort_order":935,"is_active":936,"status":937,"created_at":962,"updated_at":939},"c85bf6cc-b84e-4c36-bbd7-9e92b53bbe50","internal-arts-wellness",[908,909,910],{"en":945,"zh":946},"Internal Arts & Wellness","內家功法與養生",{"en":948,"zh":949},"Classes, workshops and retreats in Baduanjin, Taijiquan, qigong and traditional practices for movement, breathing and mindful cultivation.","彙集八段錦、太極拳、氣功及傳統身心修習的課程、工作坊與靜修活動。",{"en":951,"zh":952},"\u003Cp>Explore small-group classes, workshops and retreats introducing Wudang internal arts and traditional wellness practices. Programmes may include Baduanjin, Taijiquan, qigong, standing practice, breathing and their cultural foundations.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Each listing provides its teacher, schedule, experience level and registration arrangements.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>本類別彙集武當內家功法與傳統養生修習的小班課程、工作坊及靜修活動，內容可涵蓋八段錦、太極拳、氣功、站樁、呼吸練習及相關文化基礎。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>每項活動都會註明導師、日期、適合程度與報名方式，方便參加者選擇合適的學習體驗。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Finternal-arts-wellness",[],[],{"en":957,"zh":958},"Internal Arts & Wellness Events","內家功法與養生活動",{"en":960,"zh":961},"Explore Baduanjin, Taijiquan, qigong and traditional wellness classes, workshops and retreats listed by Wudang.Org.","探索八段錦、太極拳、氣功與傳統養生課程、工作坊及靜修活動。","2026-08-16T19:23:45.000000Z",{"id":964,"uuid":965,"slug":966,"available_locales":967,"name":968,"description":971,"body":972,"path":973,"images":974,"image_urls":975,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":976,"seo_description":978,"sort_order":935,"is_active":936,"status":937,"created_at":981,"updated_at":939},10,"884ed965-8c72-49e2-acee-0fc2f7aec70a","face-reading-learning",[908,909,910],{"en":969,"zh":970},"Face Reading Learning","面相課程",[],[],"\u002Fevents\u002Fface-reading-learning",[],[],{"en":977},"Chinese Face Reading Classes and Workshops",{"en":979,"zh":980},"Learn Chinese face reading (面相) as a cultural tradition: its classical framework, history and uses, taught with clear limits on predictive claims.","把面相作為中國傳統文化來學習：認識其經典框架、歷史與用法，並清楚說明傳統詮釋的邊界。","2026-08-30T17:01:43.000000Z",{"id":983,"uuid":984,"slug":985,"available_locales":986,"name":987,"description":990,"body":992,"path":995,"images":996,"image_urls":997,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":998,"seo_description":1001,"sort_order":38,"is_active":936,"status":937,"created_at":938,"updated_at":939},2,"8792a80b-d0c8-4ef9-9634-5cb91827932b","zi-wei-dou-shu-learning",[908,909,910],{"en":988,"zh":989},"Zi Wei Dou Shu Learning","紫微斗數課程",{"en":991,"zh":3},"Explore Purple Star Astrology as a traditional Chinese interpretive system, approached as cultural knowledge rather than scientific prediction.",{"en":993,"zh":994},"\u003Cp>Zi Wei Dou Shu 紫微鬥數 organises birth information through palaces, stars and patterned relationships. The system has a substantial technical vocabulary and several interpretive traditions, but its predictive claims are not established by modern scientific evidence.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Courses explain how charts are structured, how symbols are read and how historical and contemporary practitioners differ. The aim is cultural literacy and disciplined reflection—not certainty about the future. Readings do not replace medical, legal, financial, employment or psychological expertise.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>紫微斗數依據出生資訊，以宮位、星曜和彼此關係組織命盤。它具有複雜的術語與多種解釋傳統，但其預測主張並未得到現代科學證據的確立。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>課程說明命盤結構、符號閱讀方法，以及歷史與當代實踐者之間的差異。學習目的在於文化理解與有紀律的自我反思，而不是獲得關於未來的確定答案。相關解讀不能代替醫療、法律、財務、就業或心理專業意見。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Fzi-wei-dou-shu-learning",[],[],{"en":999,"zh":1000},"Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology) Classes","紫微斗數課程：命盤、宮位與星曜入門",{"en":991,"zh":1002},"把紫微斗數作為中國傳統詮釋體系來學習，認識命盤、宮位與星曜，不把它包裝成科學預測。",{"id":247,"uuid":1004,"slug":1005,"available_locales":1006,"name":1007,"description":1010,"body":1011,"path":1012,"images":1013,"image_urls":1014,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":1015,"seo_description":1018,"sort_order":38,"is_active":936,"status":937,"created_at":1021,"updated_at":939},"09958025-4f1d-40e6-ae1c-8b1517ac824e","tea-arts",[908,909,910],{"en":1008,"zh":1009},"Tea Arts","茶藝",[],[],"\u002Fevents\u002Ftea-arts",[],[],{"en":1016,"zh":1017},"Chinese Tea Art Classes and Workshops","茶藝課程與工作坊",{"en":1019,"zh":1020},"Chinese tea art (茶藝) classes and workshops: tea types, brewing methods, tea-table etiquette and the quiet attention of sharing tea.","茶藝課程與工作坊：認識茶類、泡茶方法與茶席禮儀，在一席茶中體會從容與專注。","2026-08-16T17:13:57.000000Z",{"id":242,"uuid":1023,"slug":1024,"available_locales":1025,"name":1026,"description":1029,"body":1031,"path":1034,"images":1035,"image_urls":1036,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":1037,"seo_description":1040,"sort_order":983,"is_active":936,"status":937,"created_at":938,"updated_at":939},"e52a261e-348a-4b8a-bd51-43f4e6b1d861","ba-zi-learning",[908,909,910],{"en":1027,"zh":1028},"Ba Zi Learning","八字課程",{"en":1030,"zh":3},"Study the Four Pillars as a traditional system of stems, branches and five-phase correspondence, with history and limitations made explicit.",{"en":1032,"zh":1033},"\u003Cp>Ba Zi 八字 interprets year, month, day and hour through the heavenly stems, earthly branches, yin-yang and five-phase relationships. It is an influential part of Chinese metaphysical culture, not an observational science in the modern empirical sense.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Classes introduce chart structure, terminology and common interpretive methods while distinguishing tradition from evidence. Students are encouraged to treat readings as prompts for reflection and never as guarantees, diagnoses or substitutes for professional advice.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>八字以年、月、日、時四柱為框架，通過天干、地支、陰陽與五行關係進行解釋。它是中國術數文化中影響深遠的傳統體系，並非現代經驗科學。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>課程介紹命盤結構、基本術語和常見詮釋方法，同時說明傳統觀點與科學證據的差別。學員可把解讀作為反思的線索，但不應把它當作保證、診斷，或任何專業意見的替代品。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Fba-zi-learning",[],[],{"en":1038,"zh":1039},"BaZi (Four Pillars) Classes and Courses","八字課程：四柱、天干地支與五行入門",{"en":1030,"zh":1041},"學習四柱中的天干、地支與五行關係，理解其歷史與方法，也清楚區分傳統詮釋和現代實證知識。",{"id":69,"uuid":1043,"slug":1044,"available_locales":1045,"name":1046,"description":1049,"body":1050,"path":1051,"images":1052,"image_urls":1053,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":1054,"seo_description":1057,"sort_order":983,"is_active":936,"status":937,"created_at":1021,"updated_at":939},"76718b8e-3137-42fc-a257-c9e318b3e364","incense-culture",[908,909,910],{"en":1047,"zh":1048},"Incense Culture","香文化",[],[],"\u002Fevents\u002Fincense-culture",[],[],{"en":1055,"zh":1056},"Chinese Incense Culture Workshops","香文化活動與工作坊",{"en":1058,"zh":1059},"Workshops on Chinese incense culture (香文化): aromatic materials, traditional ways of preparing and appreciating incense, and incense as calm attention.","香文化活動與工作坊：認識香材、傳統制香與品香方式，在一爐香中練習安靜與專注。",{"id":1061,"uuid":1062,"slug":1063,"available_locales":1064,"name":1065,"description":1068,"body":1071,"path":1074,"images":1075,"image_urls":1076,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":1077,"seo_description":1079,"sort_order":983,"is_active":936,"status":937,"created_at":1080,"updated_at":939},11,"c39cc557-40eb-4266-9736-7fb84891d407","i-ching-learning",[908,909,910],{"en":1066,"zh":1067},"I Ching Learning","易經課程",{"en":1069,"zh":1070},"Explore the I Ching through its hexagrams, traditional interpretive methods and historical context, with scope and limitations made explicit.","通過卦象、傳統解讀方法與歷史語境認識《易經》，並清楚說明其適用範圍與侷限。",{"en":1072,"zh":1073},"\u003Cp>The I Ching 易經 is a classical Chinese text centred on sixty-four hexagrams and a long history of commentary and divination. It has shaped Chinese philosophy, cosmology and metaphysical practice, but its divinatory claims are not established as modern empirical science.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Classes introduce structures, terminology and traditional methods such as Liu Yao while distinguishing cultural study from evidence. Readings should be treated as prompts for reflection, not guarantees, diagnoses or substitutes for professional advice.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>《易經》是一部以六十四卦為核心的中國經典，形成了悠久的註疏與占筮傳統，並深刻影響中國哲學、宇宙觀與術數文化；其占筮主張並非現代經驗科學所證實。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>課程介紹基本結構、術語和六爻等傳統方法，同時區分文化學習與科學證據。解讀宜作為反思線索，不應視為保證、診斷或任何專業意見的替代品。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Fi-ching-learning",[],[],{"en":1078,"zh":1067},"I Ching Classes and Courses",{"en":1069,"zh":1070},"2026-09-08T00:15:35.000000Z",{"id":21,"uuid":1082,"slug":1083,"available_locales":1084,"name":1085,"description":1088,"body":1091,"path":1094,"images":1095,"image_urls":1096,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":1097,"seo_description":1100,"sort_order":242,"is_active":936,"status":937,"created_at":1103,"updated_at":939},"ee2330c6-5a3e-4ac2-a2d1-1a0dc110c58c","traditional-arts-crafts",[908,909,910],{"en":1086,"zh":1087},"Traditional Arts & Crafts","傳統藝術與手作",{"en":1089,"zh":1090},"Hands-on workshops exploring Chinese handicrafts and decorative arts through guided making and cultural appreciation.","通過親手製作與文化欣賞，體驗中國傳統手作及裝飾藝術。",{"en":1092,"zh":1093},"\u003Cp>Discover practical workshops in Chinese decorative arts and handcraft traditions. Activities may include gold-leaf painting, cloisonné enamel, mother-of-pearl work, Song brocade and other guided projects.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>These welcoming sessions introduce materials, techniques and cultural context while allowing participants to complete a piece of their own.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>本類別彙集中國傳統裝飾藝術與手作體驗，內容可涵蓋金箔畫、掐絲琺琅、螺鈿工藝、宋錦及其他創作專案。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>課程以輕鬆易懂的方式介紹材料、技法與文化背景，讓參加者在導師帶領下完成屬於自己的作品。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Ftraditional-arts-crafts",[],[],{"en":1098,"zh":1099},"Traditional Arts & Crafts Events","傳統藝術與手作活動",{"en":1101,"zh":1102},"Explore Chinese handicraft and decorative arts workshops, including gold-leaf, cloisonné, mother-of-pearl and brocade.","探索金箔畫、掐絲琺琅、螺鈿、宋錦等中國傳統手作及裝飾藝術體驗。","2026-08-16T19:24:04.000000Z",{"id":212,"uuid":1105,"slug":1106,"available_locales":1107,"name":1108,"description":1111,"body":1114,"path":1117,"images":1118,"image_urls":1119,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":1120,"seo_description":1122,"sort_order":247,"is_active":936,"status":937,"created_at":1125,"updated_at":939},"824f78c1-1181-4983-bae5-77e7cdbbbc1d","wudang-community",[908,909,910],{"en":1109,"zh":1110},"Wudang Community","武當社群活動",{"en":1112,"zh":1113},"Talks, broadcasts and community gatherings connecting people with Wudang culture, learning and living practice.","通過講座、直播與社群聚會，連線武當文化、學習與日常實踐。",{"en":1115,"zh":1116},"\u003Cp>Wudang Community brings together public talks, livestreams, gatherings and shared cultural activities connected with Wudang.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>These programmes create welcoming ways to meet practitioners, explore ideas and participate in a growing community of learning and practice.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>武當社群活動彙集與武當文化相關的公開講座、直播、聚會及共享文化體驗。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>這些活動以友善開放的方式連線練習者與學習者，讓大家交流心得、認識傳統，並共同參與持續發展的文化社群。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Fwudang-community",[],[],{"en":1121,"zh":1110},"Wudang Community Events",{"en":1123,"zh":1124},"Discover Wudang community talks, broadcasts and gatherings connecting people with culture, learning and living practice.","探索連線武當文化、學習與日常實踐的講座、直播及社群聚會。","2026-08-16T19:24:18.000000Z",{"id":16,"uuid":1127,"slug":1128,"available_locales":1129,"name":1130,"description":1133,"body":1134,"path":1135,"images":1136,"image_urls":1137,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":1138,"seo_description":1141,"sort_order":69,"is_active":936,"status":937,"created_at":1144,"updated_at":939},"25641c0b-8e5a-46d7-9b18-95c344015f97","wudang-journeys-retreats",[908,909,910],{"en":1131,"zh":1132},"Wudang Journeys & Retreats","武當旅修與行程",[],[],"\u002Fevents\u002Fwudang-journeys-retreats",[],[],{"en":1139,"zh":1140},"Wudang Mountain Retreats and Guided Journeys","武當山旅修與靜修行程",{"en":1142,"zh":1143},"Guided journeys and retreats to Wudang Mountain that combine practice, temple visits and cultural learning, with itineraries and expectations set out clearly.","前往武當山的旅修與靜修：結合修習、宮觀參訪與文化學習，提前說明行程安排與參加須知。","2026-08-18T11:09:38.000000Z",{"data":1146},{"hero_type":1147,"hero_image":1148,"hero_image_alt":1149,"hero_youtube_id":1150,"hero_content_on":936,"hero_heading":1151,"hero_subheading":1152,"hero_text":1153,"hero_subheading_zh":1154,"hero_text_zh":1155,"hero_buttons":1156,"home_seo":1162,"page_layout":1168,"shop_enabled":1169,"contact":1170,"journey":1186},"image","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fsite\u002Fwudanghomepagehero.webp","Wudang mountain temple in mist","VgirFbjpiy4","武當文化，道在日常\nWudang Culture, Practised with Purpose","A place for learning. A home for living culture.","Explore Taoist thought, internal arts, literati traditions and Wudang Mountain through grounded learning in Singapore and beyond.","這裡既是學習之地，也是讓文化融入日常的所在。","從道家思想、內家武術、文人雅藝與武當山出發，以清晰、踏實的方式，在新加坡及世界各地認識和體驗武當文化。",[1157,1159],{"label":1158,"link":278},"Start Your Wudang Journey",{"label":1160,"link":1161},"View Events & Courses","\u002Fevents",{"title":1163,"description":1165},{"en":1164,"zh":3},"Wudang Mountain: Tai Chi, Qigong & Taoist Culture",{"en":1166,"zh":1167},"Explore Wudang Mountain through Tai Chi, Qigong, Daoist philosophy, martial arts, traditional arts, wellness, culture and everyday life in Wudang.","從太極、氣功、道家思想、武術、傳統雅藝與養生文化認識武當山，探索武當文化及武當山的日常生活。","sidebar",false,{"methods":1171,"has_any":936,"text":1179},{"email":1172,"whatsapp":1173,"wechat_id":1174,"wechat_qr_url":1175,"instagram":1176,"instagram_handle":1177,"facebook":1178,"facebook_handle":1177},"hello@wudang.org","+6588169599","Cldjcll0305","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fcontact\u002Fkcs9Z5IEY7CugW2mEYA8.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.instagram.com\u002Fleewudang.sg","@leewudang.sg","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fleewudang.sg\u002F",{"china_heading_en":1180,"china_heading_zh":1181,"china_company_en":1182,"china_company_zh":1183,"china_address_en":1184,"china_address_zh":1185},"China Operations","中國運營","Xunwei Wudang Co., Ltd.","尋味武當有限公司","No. 72 Jianhe 2nd Road, Wangjiayuan, Wudang Mountain, Shiyan, Hubei, China","湖北省十堰市武當山王家園劍河二路72號",{"title_en":3,"title_zh":3,"intro_en":3,"intro_zh":3,"enabled":936},{"data":1188},{"to":633,"type":1189,"available_locales":1190,"is_content_page":936,"title":1191,"subtitle":1192,"body":1195,"hero_image_url":1198,"hero_width":1199,"hero_height":1200,"hero_image_alt":1201,"hero_image_decorative":1169,"hero_credit":1204,"hero_alt":1209,"hero_style":1210,"card_layout":1211,"link_type":3,"link_ref":3,"seo_title":1212,"seo_description":1215,"children":1218},"page",[908,909,910],{"en":634,"zh":635},{"en":1193,"zh":1194},"How rolling gives leaves form, changes their internal structure and prepares different tea families for what comes next","理解揉捻如何塑造葉形、改變內部結構，併為不同茶類的後續工序作準備",{"en":1196,"zh":1197},"\u003Cp>Rolling—\u003Cem>róuniǎn\u003C\u002Fem> (揉捻) in Chinese tea manufacture—is a family of actions that press, fold, twist or compress leaves after an earlier stage has changed their moisture and flexibility. It can give a tea its visible form and disturb cells so that their contents move and meet. Those two effects are related, but their balance changes with the tea family and the result a maker intends.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>Names describe a family of actions\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>Rolling, kneading and twisting\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>English sources use “rolling,” “kneading” and sometimes “twisting” for overlapping forms of \u003Cem>rounian\u003C\u002Fem>. None means that every leaf is rolled into a ball. A broad leaf may be folded, a strip tightened or a mass repeatedly pressed and released. The useful question is what forces act on the leaf, not whether one English verb fits every workshop.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3>A process word, not a universal recipe\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>Rolling has no single correct duration, pressure or endpoint outside a defined tea. Leaf maturity, water content, batch size, equipment and the next operation all matter. A number quoted from one standard or experiment should therefore remain attached to that product and method.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>Two linked jobs: form and internal change\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>Making a shape that can survive drying\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>Pressure and repeated movement rearrange softened leaves. They may become strips, loose twists, pearls, curls or flatter folds before drying stabilises the form. Shape affects appearance, packing and how water reaches the leaf during brewing, but it does not alone identify origin, authenticity or quality.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3>Opening compartments inside the leaf\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>Mechanical force can rupture cell membranes and walls to different degrees. Sap and compounds that were separated in intact tissue can spread across torn surfaces and mix with enzymes and oxygen. A review of black-tea manufacture describes this maceration as a bridge between withering and enzyme-driven oxidation, while emphasising that processing conditions alter the chemical and sensory outcome. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC10743253\u002F\">Read the black-tea processing review\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>More breakage is not automatically better\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>A controlled spectrum, not an on-off switch\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>Gentle hand work may leave many tissues intact; sustained pressure can create more contact and coating of leaf surfaces. The desirable degree depends on whether the maker seeks a largely whole appearance, rapid oxidation, tight shaping or another result. “Broken” describes physical condition, not a universal defect.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3>Orthodox rolling and cut-tear-curl are distinct\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>Whole-leaf or orthodox rollers and cut-tear-curl systems do not produce the same geometry or degree of disintegration. They serve different styles and infusion behaviour. Treating one as merely a stronger version of the other hides meaningful differences in machinery, particle size and process design.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cfigure>\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fpages\u002F9ITfZuVcL1soVgGXrNEP.webp\" alt=\"Conceptual still life of three separate fictional tea-leaf forms: broadly folded leaves, loose twisted strands and tight curls\" loading=\"lazy\">\u003Cfigcaption>AI-generated conceptual comparison of leaf forms. The groups illustrate a range of shaping outcomes, not a processing sequence, quality ranking or universal endpoint.\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\u003Ch2>Not every tea follows the same route\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>The official basic flows reveal the differences\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>China’s production-licensing rules place rolling after fixation for green tea; after withering for black tea; and after fixation for oolong, yellow and dark tea. The basic white-tea flow names withering and drying without a rolling stage. These are broad regulatory pathways, not every regional variation, but they prevent the claim that all \u003Ca href=\"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftypes-of-tea-and-character\">six Chinese tea families\u003C\u002Fa> use rolling in the same way. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.samr.gov.cn\u002Fspscs\u002Ftzgg\u002Fart\u002F2023\u002Fart_aa36a9e6363c46709bf4f9ae96c242b3.html\">Consult the official process flows\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3>Sequence determines biochemical meaning\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>The leaf has already been changed by \u003Ca href=\"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fpicking-tea-china-seasons-bud-leaf-standards-skilled-labour\">picking\u003C\u002Fa>, often by \u003Ca href=\"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fwithering-tea-leaves-water-loss-time-first-transformation\">withering\u003C\u002Fa>, and in some families by \u003Ca href=\"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ffixing-tea-leaves-shaqing-heat-enzymes-turning-point\">fixation\u003C\u002Fa>. Rolling before oxidative enzymes are strongly suppressed can encourage reactions; rolling after fixation works with a different biochemical starting point. The same motion therefore does not have the same purpose everywhere.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>Green tea: shaping after fixation\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>Structure changes after the oxidative pathway is checked\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>In the basic green-tea flow, fixation comes before rolling. Heat has rapidly reduced the activity of oxidation-related enzymes, so rolling mainly develops form, redistributes leaf materials and prepares the leaf for drying rather than opening a black-tea-style oxidation stage. A 2024 study comparing green-tea storage found that different rolling treatments affected later non-volatile change; its finding about moderate tissue disruption belongs to those teas and conditions, not every green tea. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F38633742\u002F\">Read the green-tea rolling study\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>Black tea: opening the leaf before oxidation\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>Withered tissue is pressed and exposed\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>Black tea usually moves from withering into rolling or maceration and then into the stage conventionally called “fermentation,” more precisely dominated by enzyme-driven oxidation. Rolling damages cells, spreads juice across surfaces and increases contact among polyphenols, oxidative enzymes and oxygen. China’s current national black-tea processing standard provides a formal framework for this sequence without making every regional black tea identical. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fstd.samr.gov.cn\u002Fgb\u002Fsearch\u002FgbDetailedCNF?id=71F772D82CCFD3A7E05397BE0A0AB82A\">See the black-tea processing standard\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3>Pressure changes composition and perception\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>A controlled study of Congou black tea found that rolling pressure altered non-volatile chemistry and sensory characteristics. It supports treating pressure as a consequential variable, not copying one setting: cultivar, withering, load, machine and desired style remain part of the result. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC10740076\u002F\">Read the rolling-pressure study\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>Oolong, yellow and dark tea diverge again\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>Fixation comes first, but the next stage differs\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>Oolong’s basic flow places rolling after withering, \u003Cem>zuoqing\u003C\u002Fem> and fixation, then before drying; the national oolong-processing specification supplies the broad technical frame. Yellow tea proceeds from fixation and rolling to yellowing, while dark tea proceeds toward pile fermentation. Rolling is a junction inside each route, not proof that these teas share one transformation. \u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fstd.samr.gov.cn\u002Fgb\u002Fsearch\u002FgbDetailed?id=71F772D82CA2D3A7E05397BE0A0AB82A\">See the oolong-processing standard\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>Hands, machines and finished leaf grades\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>Scale changes control, not the basic questions\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>Hands can feel resistance and adjust small portions; machines can make force and repetition more consistent at larger scale. Neither label guarantees care or quality. Whole, broken and finely cut leaves also infuse differently, yet liquor strength or speed is not a complete sensory ranking. Read the equipment together with the leaf material, maker’s target and finished tea.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>A seven-question method for reading rolling claims\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>Connect force to the full process\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Col>\u003Cli>Which tea family, region, cultivar and picking standard are being discussed?\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>What happened before rolling: withering, fixation, \u003Cem>zuoqing\u003C\u002Fem> or something else?\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>What are the leaf moisture, temperature, maturity, batch size and loading depth?\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Is the action folding, twisting, compression, orthodox rolling, cutting or a combination?\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>How is pressure changed, released or repeated, and what defines the local endpoint?\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>What comes next: oxidation, yellowing, piling, shaping, drying or another operation?\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>Is a claimed setting a legal standard, a study condition or one maker’s practice?\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Fol>\n\u003Cp>These questions keep a tactile process connected to \u003Ca href=\"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-landscapes-china-gardens-forests-terraces-living-knowledge\">tea landscapes\u003C\u002Fa> and to routes for \u003Ca href=\"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ffurther-reading-and-practice\">further reading and practice\u003C\u002Fa>. Rolling is best understood neither as decorative shaping nor as indiscriminate crushing: it is controlled mechanical work whose meaning comes from the leaf, the degree of disruption and the transformation that follows.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>揉捻，是茶葉在前一道工序改變含水狀態與柔韌性之後，受到擠壓、摺疊、搓轉或壓縮的一組操作。它既能賦予茶葉可見的形態，也會在不同程度上破壞細胞，使其中的物質移動、接觸。這兩種作用彼此相關，但在不同茶類與不同製作目標中，輕重並不相同。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>一個名稱涵蓋多種動作\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>“揉”“捻”不等於都揉成球\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>英文資料常用 rolling、kneading 或 twisting 對譯“揉捻”，各自只能描述部分動作。寬大的葉片可能被摺疊，條索可能逐漸收緊，成堆葉片也可能反覆受壓後鬆開。與其執著於某一個譯詞，不如追問葉片實際承受了怎樣的力。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3>這是工序名稱，不是通用配方\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>脫離具體茶品，揉捻並沒有唯一正確的時間、壓力或終點。鮮葉老嫩、含水量、投葉量、裝置以及下一道工序都會影響判斷。標準或實驗中的數字，應當始終與其產品、裝置和條件一起閱讀。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>兩項相連的任務：塑形與內部改變\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>形成經得起乾燥的葉形\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>反覆受力會重新排列已經柔軟的葉片。乾燥定形之前，茶葉可能成為條索、鬆散捲曲、珠形或較平整的摺疊形態。葉形會影響外觀、包裝和沖泡時水分進入葉片的方式，但僅憑形狀無法斷定產地、真偽或品質。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3>開啟葉片內部原本分隔的空間\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>機械力會以不同程度破壞細胞膜與細胞壁。原本被完整組織分隔的汁液和成分因而可在破損表面鋪展，並與酶和氧氣接觸。一篇紅茶加工綜述把這種機械破損視為萎凋與酶促氧化之間的橋梁，同時強調加工條件會改變成分與感官結果。\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC10743253\u002F\">閱讀紅茶加工綜述\u003C\u002Fa>。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>破損更多，不等於品質更高\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>從輕到重是連續尺度\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>輕柔手揉可以保留較多完整組織；持續加壓則可能增加細胞內容物的接觸，並使葉汁附著於表面。理想程度取決於製作者要保留較完整的外形、加快氧化、收緊葉形，還是達到其他目標。“碎”首先是物理狀態，並非放之四海而皆準的缺陷。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3>傳統揉捻與 CTC 不能混為一談\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>較完整葉片的傳統揉捻，與切、撕、卷（CTC）系統產生的幾何形態和破碎程度不同，所服務的茶葉風格與浸出表現也不同。若把後者只看成“力度更大”的揉捻，就會忽略裝置、顆粒尺度與整體工藝設計的實質差異。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cfigure>\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fpages\u002F9ITfZuVcL1soVgGXrNEP.webp\" alt=\"概念靜物：三組彼此分開的虛構茶葉形態，分別為寬鬆摺疊葉、疏鬆條索與緊結捲曲葉\" loading=\"lazy\">\u003Cfigcaption>AI 生成的葉形概念對照。三組茶葉僅用於展示不同塑形結果，並非工序順序、品質等級或通用終點。\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\u003Ch2>不同茶類並不走同一條路\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>官方基本工藝流程顯示了差異\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>我國食品生產許可審查細則把綠茶揉捻置於殺青之後，把紅茶揉捻置於萎凋之後；烏龍茶、黃茶與黑茶則都在殺青之後進入揉捻。白茶的基本流程列出萎凋與乾燥，並未列出揉捻。這些是監管層面的基本路徑，不是所有地方工藝的窮盡說明，卻足以避免把\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fzh\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftypes-of-tea-and-character\">中國六大茶類\u003C\u002Fa>說成採用同一種揉捻方式。\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.samr.gov.cn\u002Fspscs\u002Ftzgg\u002Fart\u002F2023\u002Fart_aa36a9e6363c46709bf4f9ae96c242b3.html\">查閱官方工藝流程\u003C\u002Fa>。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3>前後順序決定生化意義\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>葉片已經因\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fzh\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fpicking-tea-china-seasons-bud-leaf-standards-skilled-labour\">採茶\u003C\u002Fa>而離開植株，常又經過\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fzh\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fwithering-tea-leaves-water-loss-time-first-transformation\">萎凋\u003C\u002Fa>，某些茶類還先經歷\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fzh\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ffixing-tea-leaves-shaqing-heat-enzymes-turning-point\">殺青\u003C\u002Fa>。在氧化相關酶尚未受到強烈抑制時揉捻，能夠促進後續反應；殺青之後再揉捻，則站在不同的生化起點上。相似動作由此可能承擔不同任務。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>綠茶：殺青之後塑形\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>氧化路徑受抑後再改變結構\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>綠茶基本流程中，殺青先於揉捻。加熱已經迅速降低與氧化有關的酶活性，因此揉捻主要用於發展葉形、重新分佈葉內物質，併為乾燥作準備，而不是開啟紅茶式的氧化階段。2024 年一項綠茶貯藏研究發現，不同揉捻處理會影響後續非揮發性成分變化；其中關於適度組織破損的結論只屬於該研究的茶樣與條件，不能外推為所有綠茶的準則。\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002F38633742\u002F\">閱讀綠茶揉捻研究\u003C\u002Fa>。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>紅茶：氧化之前開啟葉片\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>萎凋後的組織受壓並暴露\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>紅茶通常由萎凋進入揉捻或機械破碎，再進入行業習慣所稱的“發酵”階段；更準確地說，此階段以酶促氧化為主。揉捻破壞細胞、使葉汁鋪展於表面，也增加多酚、氧化相關酶與氧氣接觸的機會。現行紅茶加工國家標準為這一順序提供總體技術框架，但並不意味著各地紅茶完全相同。\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fstd.samr.gov.cn\u002Fgb\u002Fsearch\u002FgbDetailedCNF?id=71F772D82CCFD3A7E05397BE0A0AB82A\">檢視紅茶加工國家標準\u003C\u002Fa>。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Ch3>壓力會改變成分與感官表現\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>一項工夫紅茶對照研究發現，揉捻壓力會改變非揮發性成分與感官特徵。這說明壓力是重要變數，卻不支援照搬某一個設定：品種、萎凋狀態、投葉量、裝置和目標風格仍共同決定結果。\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fpmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\u002Farticles\u002FPMC10740076\u002F\">閱讀揉捻壓力研究\u003C\u002Fa>。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>烏龍茶、黃茶與黑茶再次分流\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>雖先殺青，後續工序卻不同\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>烏龍茶基本流程在萎凋、做青與殺青之後揉捻，再進入乾燥；現行烏龍茶加工國家標準給出了總體技術框架。黃茶由殺青、揉捻走向悶黃，黑茶則走向渥堆。揉捻只是各自路徑中的連線點，不能證明這些茶經歷相同的轉化。\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fstd.samr.gov.cn\u002Fgb\u002Fsearch\u002FgbDetailed?id=71F772D82CA2D3A7E05397BE0A0AB82A\">檢視烏龍茶加工國家標準\u003C\u002Fa>。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>手工、機器與成品葉級\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>規模改變控制方式，不改變基本問題\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>雙手可以感受阻力，隨時調整小批葉片；機器則能在更大規模上提高受力與重複動作的一致性。無論“手工”還是“機器”都不能自動保證用心或品質。完整葉、碎葉與細小顆粒的浸出速度也有差別，但茶湯濃得快並不構成完整的感官等級。裝置、原料、製作目標和成品應當連在一起判斷。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>用七個問題讀懂揉捻說法\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>把受力方式放回完整工藝\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Col>\u003Cli>討論的是哪一茶類、產區、品種與採摘標準？\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>揉捻之前經歷了萎凋、殺青、做青，還是其他工序？\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>葉片的含水量、溫度、老嫩度、投葉量與裝載厚度如何？\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>實際動作是摺疊、搓轉、壓縮、傳統揉捻、切碎，還是多種動作組合？\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>壓力如何增加、釋放或重複，當地以什麼判斷終點？\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>下一步是氧化、悶黃、渥堆、再塑形、乾燥，還是其他操作？\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>所稱引數來自法規標準、實驗條件，還是某位製作者的做法？\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Fol>\n\u003Cp>這些問題能把手上的工夫重新放回\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fzh\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-landscapes-china-gardens-forests-terraces-living-knowledge\">茶葉景觀\u003C\u002Fa>，並引向可靠的\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fzh\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ffurther-reading-and-practice\">延伸閱讀與實踐\u003C\u002Fa>。揉捻既不只是裝飾性的塑形，也不是不加區分的碾壓；它是受控的機械作用，其意義來自葉片本身、組織破損程度，以及隨後要發生的轉化。\u003C\u002Fp>","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fpages\u002FzEsY8mY2qKceKZLTWXtu.webp",1672,941,{"en":1202,"zh":1203},"Conceptual photograph of two anonymous adults hand-rolling separate portions of green tea leaves on a broad woven bamboo surface in a fictional open workshop","概念攝影：兩位匿名成年人在虛構的開放式作坊裡，於寬大的竹編工作面上分別手揉綠葉",{"caption":1205,"creator":1206,"source_url":3,"license_label":1207,"license_url":3,"changes":1208},"AI 生成的概念攝影。畫面中的人物、作坊、茶批與方法均為虛構，不記錄真實地點、生產者或加工標準。","OpenAI","AI-generated conceptual image","作為原創概念編輯圖生成；畫面不指向任何真實人物、作坊、茶批、地方工藝、裝置規格或加工標準。",{"en":1202,"zh":1203},"banner","list",{"en":1213,"zh":1214},"Rolling Tea Leaves (Rounian): Shape and Cell Disruption","茶葉揉捻：塑形與受控細胞破損",{"en":1216,"zh":1217},"Understand tea rolling (rounian): how pressure shapes leaves, changes cell structure and serves different purposes in green, black, oolong and other teas.","理解茶葉揉捻如何藉助壓力塑造葉形、改變細胞結構，以及它在綠茶、紅茶、烏龍茶等茶類中的不同作用。",[],{"data":1220},[1221,1297,1398,1489],{"id":1222,"slug":1223,"available_locales":1224,"path":1225,"title":1226,"venue":1229,"hero_image_url":3,"card_image_url":1232,"card_landscape_url":1233,"lifecycle":1234,"session_mode":1235,"sessions":1236,"next_session":1296},15601,"liu-yao-beginner-course",[908,909,910],"\u002Fevents\u002Fi-ching-learning\u002Fliu-yao-beginner-course",{"en":1227,"zh":1228},"Liu Yao Beginner 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2026","2026年11月1日","Nov","November",2026,"Sun",{"status":1238,"date_slug":1257,"time_label":1240,"timezone_abbr":1241,"date_label":1258,"date_label_fr":1259,"date_short_fr":1260,"date_only_fr":1261,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1246,"date_label_zh":1262,"date_short":1263,"date_short_zh":1264,"date_only":1265,"date_only_zh":1266,"is_multi_day":1169,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":1267,"month_short":1252,"month_long":1253,"month_num":1061,"year":1254,"weekday_short":1268,"weekday_index":60},"2026-11-21","Saturday, 21 November 2026","samedi 21 novembre 2026","sam. 21 nov.","21 nov. 2026","2026年11月21日 星期六","Sat 21 Nov","11月21日 週六","21 Nov 2026","2026年11月21日",21,"Sat",{"status":1238,"date_slug":1270,"time_label":1240,"timezone_abbr":1241,"date_label":1271,"date_label_fr":1272,"date_short_fr":1273,"date_only_fr":1274,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1246,"date_label_zh":1275,"date_short":1276,"date_short_zh":1277,"date_only":1278,"date_only_zh":1279,"is_multi_day":1169,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":147,"month_short":1280,"month_long":1281,"month_num":147,"year":1254,"weekday_short":1268,"weekday_index":60},"2026-12-12","Saturday, 12 December 2026","samedi 12 décembre 2026","sam. 12 déc.","12 déc. 2026","2026年12月12日 星期六","Sat 12 Dec","12月12日 週六","12 Dec 2026","2026年12月12日","Dec","December",{"status":1238,"date_slug":1283,"time_label":1240,"timezone_abbr":1241,"date_label":1284,"date_label_fr":1285,"date_short_fr":1286,"date_only_fr":1287,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1246,"date_label_zh":1288,"date_short":1289,"date_short_zh":1290,"date_only":1291,"date_only_zh":1292,"is_multi_day":1169,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":137,"month_short":1293,"month_long":1294,"month_num":38,"year":1295,"weekday_short":1255,"weekday_index":935},"2027-01-17","Sunday, 17 January 2027","dimanche 17 janvier 2027","dim. 17 janv.","17 janv. 2027","2027年1月17日 星期日","Sun 17 Jan","1月17日 週日","17 Jan 2027","2027年1月17日","Jan","January",2027,{"status":1238,"date_slug":1239,"time_label":1240,"timezone_abbr":1241,"date_label":1242,"date_label_fr":1243,"date_short_fr":1244,"date_only_fr":1245,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1246,"date_label_zh":1247,"date_short":1248,"date_short_zh":1249,"date_only":1250,"date_only_zh":1251,"is_multi_day":1169,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":38,"month_short":1252,"month_long":1253,"month_num":1061,"year":1254,"weekday_short":1255,"weekday_index":935},{"id":1298,"slug":1299,"available_locales":1300,"path":1301,"title":1302,"venue":1305,"hero_image_url":1306,"card_image_url":1306,"card_landscape_url":1307,"lifecycle":1234,"session_mode":1235,"sessions":1308,"next_session":1397},78700,"baduanjin-workshop-september",[908,909,910],"\u002Fevents\u002Finternal-arts-wellness\u002Fbaduanjin-workshop-september",{"en":1303,"zh":1304},"Baduanjin Workshop — November 2026 Sessions","古法八段錦 · 2026年11月班",{"en":1230,"zh":1231},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FWU46jadRUq4I84xPdaTQ.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002Fvariants\u002FCQB6xxmg8kF7eqWPQgAl-16x9.webp",[1309,1326,1338,1351,1362,1363,1374,1385],{"status":1310,"date_slug":1311,"time_label":1312,"timezone_abbr":1241,"date_label":1313,"date_label_fr":1314,"date_short_fr":1315,"date_only_fr":1316,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1317,"date_label_zh":1318,"date_short":1319,"date_short_zh":1320,"date_only":1321,"date_only_zh":1322,"is_multi_day":1169,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":1323,"month_short":1324,"month_long":1325,"month_num":16,"year":1254,"weekday_short":1255,"weekday_index":935},"completed","2026-09-13","10:00am–12:00pm","Sunday, 13 September 2026","dimanche 13 septembre 2026","dim. 13 sept.","13 sept. 2026","10:00–12:00","2026年9月13日 星期日","Sun 13 Sep","9月13日 週日","13 Sep 2026","2026年9月13日",13,"Sep","September",{"status":1310,"date_slug":1327,"time_label":1312,"timezone_abbr":1241,"date_label":1328,"date_label_fr":1329,"date_short_fr":1330,"date_only_fr":1331,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1317,"date_label_zh":1332,"date_short":1333,"date_short_zh":1334,"date_only":1335,"date_only_zh":1336,"is_multi_day":1169,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":1337,"month_short":1324,"month_long":1325,"month_num":16,"year":1254,"weekday_short":1255,"weekday_index":935},"2026-09-27","Sunday, 27 September 2026","dimanche 27 septembre 2026","dim. 27 sept.","27 sept. 2026","2026年9月27日 星期日","Sun 27 Sep","9月27日 週日","27 Sep 2026","2026年9月27日",27,{"status":1310,"date_slug":1339,"time_label":1312,"timezone_abbr":1241,"date_label":1340,"date_label_fr":1341,"date_short_fr":1342,"date_only_fr":1343,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1317,"date_label_zh":1344,"date_short":1345,"date_short_zh":1346,"date_only":1347,"date_only_zh":1348,"is_multi_day":1169,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":247,"month_short":1349,"month_long":1350,"month_num":964,"year":1254,"weekday_short":1255,"weekday_index":935},"2026-10-04","Sunday, 4 October 2026","dimanche 4 octobre 2026","dim. 4 oct.","4 oct. 2026","2026年10月4日 星期日","Sun 4 Oct","10月4日 週日","4 Oct 2026","2026年10月4日","Oct","October",{"status":1310,"date_slug":1352,"time_label":1312,"timezone_abbr":1241,"date_label":1353,"date_label_fr":1354,"date_short_fr":1355,"date_only_fr":1356,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1317,"date_label_zh":1357,"date_short":1358,"date_short_zh":1359,"date_only":1360,"date_only_zh":1361,"is_multi_day":1169,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":1061,"month_short":1349,"month_long":1350,"month_num":964,"year":1254,"weekday_short":1255,"weekday_index":935},"2026-10-11","Sunday, 11 October 2026","dimanche 11 octobre 2026","dim. 11 oct.","11 oct. 2026","2026年10月11日 星期日","Sun 11 Oct","10月11日 週日","11 Oct 2026","2026年10月11日",{"status":1238,"date_slug":1239,"time_label":1312,"timezone_abbr":1241,"date_label":1242,"date_label_fr":1243,"date_short_fr":1244,"date_only_fr":1245,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1317,"date_label_zh":1247,"date_short":1248,"date_short_zh":1249,"date_only":1250,"date_only_zh":1251,"is_multi_day":1169,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":38,"month_short":1252,"month_long":1253,"month_num":1061,"year":1254,"weekday_short":1255,"weekday_index":935},{"status":1238,"date_slug":1364,"time_label":1312,"timezone_abbr":1241,"date_label":1365,"date_label_fr":1366,"date_short_fr":1367,"date_only_fr":1368,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1317,"date_label_zh":1369,"date_short":1370,"date_short_zh":1371,"date_only":1372,"date_only_zh":1373,"is_multi_day":1169,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":212,"month_short":1252,"month_long":1253,"month_num":1061,"year":1254,"weekday_short":1255,"weekday_index":935},"2026-11-08","Sunday, 8 November 2026","dimanche 8 novembre 2026","dim. 8 nov.","8 nov. 2026","2026年11月8日 星期日","Sun 8 Nov","11月8日 週日","8 Nov 2026","2026年11月8日",{"status":1238,"date_slug":1375,"time_label":1312,"timezone_abbr":1241,"date_label":1376,"date_label_fr":1377,"date_short_fr":1378,"date_only_fr":1379,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1317,"date_label_zh":1380,"date_short":1381,"date_short_zh":1382,"date_only":1383,"date_only_zh":1384,"is_multi_day":1169,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":152,"month_short":1252,"month_long":1253,"month_num":1061,"year":1254,"weekday_short":1255,"weekday_index":935},"2026-11-15","Sunday, 15 November 2026","dimanche 15 novembre 2026","dim. 15 nov.","15 nov. 2026","2026年11月15日 星期日","Sun 15 Nov","11月15日 週日","15 Nov 2026","2026年11月15日",{"status":1238,"date_slug":1386,"time_label":1312,"timezone_abbr":1241,"date_label":1387,"date_label_fr":1388,"date_short_fr":1389,"date_only_fr":1390,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1317,"date_label_zh":1391,"date_short":1392,"date_short_zh":1393,"date_only":1394,"date_only_zh":1395,"is_multi_day":1169,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":1396,"month_short":1252,"month_long":1253,"month_num":1061,"year":1254,"weekday_short":1255,"weekday_index":935},"2026-11-22","Sunday, 22 November 2026","dimanche 22 novembre 2026","dim. 22 nov.","22 nov. 2026","2026年11月22日 星期日","Sun 22 Nov","11月22日 週日","22 Nov 2026","2026年11月22日",22,{"status":1238,"date_slug":1239,"time_label":1312,"timezone_abbr":1241,"date_label":1242,"date_label_fr":1243,"date_short_fr":1244,"date_only_fr":1245,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1317,"date_label_zh":1247,"date_short":1248,"date_short_zh":1249,"date_only":1250,"date_only_zh":1251,"is_multi_day":1169,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":38,"month_short":1252,"month_long":1253,"month_num":1061,"year":1254,"weekday_short":1255,"weekday_index":935},{"id":1399,"slug":1400,"available_locales":1401,"path":1402,"title":1403,"venue":1406,"hero_image_url":3,"card_image_url":1407,"card_landscape_url":1408,"lifecycle":1234,"session_mode":1235,"sessions":1409,"next_session":1488},11823,"i-ching-beginner-course-singapore",[908,909],"\u002Fevents\u002Fi-ching-learning\u002Fi-ching-beginner-course-singapore",{"en":1404,"zh":1405},"I Ching Beginner Course in 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2026","2026年10月19日","19–24 Oct 2026","2026年10月19日–24日","Mon",{"status":1238,"date_slug":1428,"time_label":1412,"timezone_abbr":1241,"date_label":1429,"date_label_fr":1430,"date_short_fr":1431,"date_only_fr":1432,"date_range_label_fr":1433,"time_label_fr":1418,"date_label_zh":1434,"date_short":1435,"date_short_zh":1436,"date_only":1437,"date_only_zh":1438,"is_multi_day":936,"date_range_label":1439,"date_range_label_zh":1440,"day_of_month":1441,"month_short":1252,"month_long":1253,"month_num":1061,"year":1254,"weekday_short":1426,"weekday_index":38},"2026-11-16","Monday, 16 November 2026","lundi 16 novembre 2026","lun. 16 nov.","16 nov. 2026","16 nov. 2026 – 21 nov. 2026","2026年11月16日 星期一","Mon 16 Nov","11月16日 週一","16 Nov 2026","2026年11月16日","16–21 Nov 2026","2026年11月16日–21日",16,{"status":1238,"date_slug":1443,"time_label":1412,"timezone_abbr":1241,"date_label":1444,"date_label_fr":1445,"date_short_fr":1446,"date_only_fr":1447,"date_range_label_fr":1448,"time_label_fr":1418,"date_label_zh":1449,"date_short":1450,"date_short_zh":1451,"date_only":1452,"date_only_zh":1453,"is_multi_day":936,"date_range_label":1454,"date_range_label_zh":1455,"day_of_month":1456,"month_short":1280,"month_long":1281,"month_num":147,"year":1254,"weekday_short":1426,"weekday_index":38},"2026-12-14","Monday, 14 December 2026","lundi 14 décembre 2026","lun. 14 déc.","14 déc. 2026","14 déc. 2026 – 19 déc. 2026","2026年12月14日 星期一","Mon 14 Dec","12月14日 週一","14 Dec 2026","2026年12月14日","14–19 Dec 2026","2026年12月14日–19日",14,{"status":1238,"date_slug":1458,"time_label":1412,"timezone_abbr":1241,"date_label":1459,"date_label_fr":1460,"date_short_fr":1461,"date_only_fr":1462,"date_range_label_fr":1463,"time_label_fr":1418,"date_label_zh":1464,"date_short":1465,"date_short_zh":1466,"date_only":1467,"date_only_zh":1468,"is_multi_day":936,"date_range_label":1469,"date_range_label_zh":1470,"day_of_month":1471,"month_short":1293,"month_long":1294,"month_num":38,"year":1295,"weekday_short":1426,"weekday_index":38},"2027-01-18","Monday, 18 January 2027","lundi 18 janvier 2027","lun. 18 janv.","18 janv. 2027","18 janv. 2027 – 23 janv. 2027","2027年1月18日 星期一","Mon 18 Jan","1月18日 週一","18 Jan 2027","2027年1月18日","18–23 Jan 2027","2027年1月18日–23日",18,{"status":1238,"date_slug":1473,"time_label":1412,"timezone_abbr":1241,"date_label":1474,"date_label_fr":1475,"date_short_fr":1476,"date_only_fr":1477,"date_range_label_fr":1478,"time_label_fr":1418,"date_label_zh":1479,"date_short":1480,"date_short_zh":1481,"date_only":1482,"date_only_zh":1483,"is_multi_day":936,"date_range_label":1484,"date_range_label_zh":1485,"day_of_month":152,"month_short":1486,"month_long":1487,"month_num":983,"year":1295,"weekday_short":1426,"weekday_index":38},"2027-02-15","Monday, 15 February 2027","lundi 15 février 2027","lun. 15 févr.","15 févr. 2027","15 févr. 2027 – 20 févr. 2027","2027年2月15日 星期一","Mon 15 Feb","2月15日 週一","15 Feb 2027","2027年2月15日","15–20 Feb 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