[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"site-nav-reference-en":3,"site-nav-zh":4,"site-nav-zh-all-arts":289,"event-categories-zh":902,"site-settings":1145,"node-zh-arts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fyixing-teapots-clay-form-makers-marks":1187,"live-course-events":1218},null,{"data":5},{"header":6,"footer":264},[7,51,82,123,161,187,229,260],{"to":8,"label":9,"label_zh":10,"children":11},"\u002Fdao","TAO","道",[12,17,22,26,30,34,39,43,47],{"to":13,"label":14,"label_zh":15,"n":16},"\u002Fdao\u002Fintroduction","Begin with the Tao","道學入門",9,{"to":18,"label":19,"label_zh":20,"n":21},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing","I Ching","易經",7,{"to":23,"label":24,"label_zh":25,"n":16},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing","Tao Te Ching","道德經",{"to":27,"label":28,"label_zh":29,"n":21},"\u002Fdao\u002Ftaiji","Taiji","太極",{"to":31,"label":32,"label_zh":33,"n":21},"\u002Fdao\u002Fzhuang-zi","Zhuangzi","莊子",{"to":35,"label":36,"label_zh":37,"n":38},"\u002Fdao\u002Fclassics","Classical Library","道家經典文庫",1,{"to":40,"label":41,"label_zh":42},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdaoist-philosophy","Taoist Philosophy","道家哲學",{"to":44,"label":45,"label_zh":46},"\u002Fdao\u002Fwu-wei-natural-living","Wu Wei & Natural Living","無為與自然生活",{"to":48,"label":49,"label_zh":50},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdaoist-view-of-life","A Taoist View of Life","道家人生觀",{"to":52,"label":53,"label_zh":54,"children":55},"\u002Fmartial-arts","Martial Arts","武當武術",[56,61,65,70,74,78],{"to":57,"label":58,"label_zh":59,"n":60},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ffoundations-internal-arts","Foundations of Internal Martial Arts","內家拳基礎",6,{"to":62,"label":63,"label_zh":64,"n":21},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ftaijiquan","Taijiquan (Tai Chi)","太極拳",{"to":66,"label":67,"label_zh":68,"n":69},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fbaguazhang","Baguazhang: Circle Walking, Palm Changes and Movement","八卦掌：走圈、換掌與身法變化",5,{"to":71,"label":72,"label_zh":73,"n":69},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fxingyiquan","Xingyiquan: Structure, Intention and Direct Training","形意拳：結構、意念與直接訓練",{"to":75,"label":76,"label_zh":77,"n":21},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fweapons","Wudang Sword and Weapons: History, Practice and Context","武當劍與兵器：歷史、練習與文化語境",{"to":79,"label":80,"label_zh":81,"n":21},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ftraining-practice","Training and Practice: Building a Sustainable Wudang Routine","訓練與習練：建立可持續的武當練習",{"to":83,"label":84,"label_zh":85,"children":86},"\u002Fwellness","Wellness","養生",[87,91,95,99,103,107,111,115,119],{"to":88,"label":89,"label_zh":90,"n":21},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fqigong","Qigong","氣功",{"to":92,"label":93,"label_zh":94,"n":60},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fherbal-healing","Chinese Herbal Medicine","中藥與本草",{"to":96,"label":97,"label_zh":98,"n":60},"\u002Fwellness\u002Ftaoist-medicine","Taoist Medicine","道家醫學",{"to":100,"label":101,"label_zh":102,"n":60},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fenergy-sound-healing","Sound & Energy Practices","聲音與能量練習",{"to":104,"label":105,"label_zh":106},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fstanding-practice","Standing Practice","站樁",{"to":108,"label":109,"label_zh":110},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fwudang-internal-cultivation","Wudang Internal Cultivation","武當內修",{"to":112,"label":113,"label_zh":114},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fmoxibustion","Moxibustion","艾灸",{"to":116,"label":117,"label_zh":118},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fbigu","Bigu","辟穀",{"to":120,"label":121,"label_zh":122,"n":38},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fbaduanjin","Baduanjin (Eight Brocades)","八段錦",{"to":124,"label":125,"label_zh":126,"children":127},"\u002Farts","Literati Arts","文人雅藝",[128,133,138,143,148,153,157],{"to":129,"label":130,"label_zh":131,"n":132},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature","Chinese Poetry and Literature: Forms, Contexts and Reading Paths","中國詩詞與文學：體式、語境與閱讀路徑",49,{"to":134,"label":135,"label_zh":136,"n":137},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy","Chinese Calligraphy: Scripts, Materials and Ways of Looking","中國書法：書體、材料與觀賞入門",17,{"to":139,"label":140,"label_zh":141,"n":142},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony","Chinese Tea Culture","中國茶文化",39,{"to":144,"label":145,"label_zh":146,"n":147},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin","Guqin: Sound, History and Ways to Listen","古琴：認識聲音、歷史與聆聽方法",12,{"to":149,"label":150,"label_zh":151,"n":152},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting","Chinese Painting: Materials, Formats and Ways of Looking","中國繪畫：材料、形制與觀看方法",15,{"to":154,"label":155,"label_zh":156,"n":16},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense","Chinese Incense Culture","中國香文化",{"to":158,"label":159,"label_zh":160,"n":21},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement","Chinese Flower Arrangement: History, Materials and Ways of Looking","中國插花：歷史、花材與觀看方法",{"to":162,"label":163,"label_zh":164,"children":165},"\u002Fdaoism","Taoist Culture","道教文化",[166,170,174,178,183],{"to":167,"label":168,"label_zh":169,"n":16},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-deities-pantheon","Taoist Deities and the Chinese Pantheon: A Structural Guide","道教神仙與神明體系：結構與層級指南",{"to":171,"label":172,"label_zh":173,"n":21},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-temples-sacred-mountains","Taoist Temples and Sacred Mountains: A Guide to Places and Architecture","道教名山與宮觀：聖地、建築與制度指南",{"to":175,"label":176,"label_zh":177,"n":21},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-schools-lineages","Taoist Schools and Lineages: Zhengyi, Quanzhen and Historical Traditions","道教流派與傳承：正一、全真及歷史道派",{"to":179,"label":180,"label_zh":181,"n":182},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals","Taoist Festivals and Rituals: Calendars, Offerings and Community Rites","道教節日與科儀：神誕、齋醮與歲時儀式",19,{"to":184,"label":185,"label_zh":186,"n":60},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Feight-immortals","The Eight Immortals: Origins, Symbols and Taoist Legends","八仙：人物、象徵與道教傳說",{"to":188,"label":189,"label_zh":190,"children":191},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics","Chinese Metaphysics","易學與傳統術數",[192,196,200,204,208,213,217,221,225],{"to":193,"label":194,"label_zh":195,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fyin-yang-five-elements","Yin-Yang and the Five Phases in Chinese Thought","陰陽五行：理解關係與變化",{"to":197,"label":198,"label_zh":199,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fganzhi-stems-branches","Chinese Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches (Ganzhi)","天干地支（干支）：中國曆法與術數的六十迴圈",{"to":201,"label":202,"label_zh":203,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Ffeng-shui","Chinese Feng Shui: Landscape, Compass Methods and Responsible Practice","中國風水：形勢、羅盤方法與負責任實踐",{"to":205,"label":206,"label_zh":207,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fbazi-four-pillars","BaZi (Four Pillars of Destiny): How the Eight Characters Work","八字四柱命理：八個字如何構成命盤",{"to":209,"label":210,"label_zh":211,"n":212},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fzi-wei-dou-shu","Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology): How the Twelve-Palace Chart Works","紫微斗數：十二宮命盤如何運作",8,{"to":214,"label":215,"label_zh":216,"n":212},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fdate-selection","Chinese Date Selection: How Auspicious Days Are Chosen","中國擇吉：傳統吉日如何選擇",{"to":218,"label":219,"label_zh":220,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fphysiognomy","Chinese Physiognomy: Face Reading, Palm Reading and Their Limits","中國相術：面相、手相及其侷限",{"to":222,"label":223,"label_zh":224,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fdivination-arts","Chinese Divination Arts: Methods, History and Responsible Use","中國占卜術：方法、歷史與負責任使用",{"to":226,"label":227,"label_zh":228,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fluoshu-hetu","The Hetu, Luoshu and Nine Palaces in Chinese Cosmology","河圖、洛書與九宮：中國傳統圖式的歷史與用途",{"to":230,"label":231,"label_zh":232,"children":233},"\u002Fwudang-mountain","Experience Wudang","武當之旅",[234,238,243,248,252,256],{"to":235,"label":236,"label_zh":237,"n":21},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fintroduction","Introduction to Wudang Mountain","初識武當山",{"to":239,"label":240,"label_zh":241,"n":242},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Ftemples-and-sites","Wudang Mountain Temples and Sacred Sites","武當山宮觀與勝蹟",3,{"to":244,"label":245,"label_zh":246,"n":247},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fplanning-a-visit","Planning a Visit to Wudang Mountain","武當山行前規劃指南",4,{"to":249,"label":250,"label_zh":251,"n":242},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fstudying-at-wudang","Studying Martial Arts at Wudang Mountain","在武當山學習武術",{"to":253,"label":254,"label_zh":255,"n":242},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Ftemple-etiquette","Wudang Temple Etiquette: A Visitor’s Guide","武當宮觀參訪禮儀",{"to":257,"label":258,"label_zh":259,"n":69},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fpractical-reference","Wudang Mountain Practical Reference","武當山實用參考資料",{"to":261,"label":262,"label_zh":263},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Feveryday-wudang","Everyday Wudang","武當日常",[265,266,267,268,269,270,271,272,273,277,281,285],{"to":8,"label":9,"label_zh":10},{"to":52,"label":53,"label_zh":54},{"to":83,"label":84,"label_zh":85},{"to":124,"label":125,"label_zh":126},{"to":162,"label":163,"label_zh":164},{"to":188,"label":189,"label_zh":190},{"to":230,"label":231,"label_zh":232},{"to":261,"label":262,"label_zh":263},{"to":274,"label":275,"label_zh":276},"\u002Fabout","About Wudang.Org","關於 Wudang.Org",{"to":278,"label":279,"label_zh":280},"\u002Fstart-here","Start Here","從這裡開始",{"to":282,"label":283,"label_zh":284},"\u002Ffind-a-practice","Find a Practice","找到適合你的修習",{"to":286,"label":287,"label_zh":288},"\u002Fteachers","Our Teachers","授課老師",{"data":290},{"all":291,"header":900,"footer":901},[292],{"to":124,"label":125,"label_zh":126,"children":293},[294,492,562,720,770,832,870],{"to":129,"label":130,"label_zh":131,"children":295},[296,300,304,308,312,316,320,324,328,332,336,340,344,348,352,356,360,364,368,372,376,380,384,388,392,396,400,404,408,412,416,420,424,428,432,436,440,444,448,452,456,460,464,468,472,476,480,484,488],{"to":297,"label":298,"label_zh":299},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Forigins-spirit-of-chinese-poetry","Origins of Chinese Poetry: Song, Text and Interpretation","中國詩歌的源流：歌唱、文本與闡釋",{"to":301,"label":302,"label_zh":303},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fbook-of-songs-classical-foundations","The Book of Songs: Voices, Performance and Interpretation","《詩經》：聲音、禮樂與闡釋",{"to":305,"label":306,"label_zh":307},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Ftang-poetry-golden-age","Tang Poetry: Forms, Voices and a Lasting Canon","唐詩：體式、聲音與經典的形成",{"to":309,"label":310,"label_zh":311},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Ftaoist-landscape-poetry","Daoist Traditions and Landscape Poetry: Place, Reclusion and Interpretation","道家、道教與山水詩：地方、隱逸與解讀",{"to":313,"label":314,"label_zh":315},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fpoetry-as-cultivation","Poetry as Cultivation at Wudang: Reading, Attention and Writing","武當詩文與自我涵養：閱讀、觀察與寫作",{"to":317,"label":318,"label_zh":319},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fkey-poets-further-reading","Chinese Poetry: Poets, Editions and Reading Paths","中國詩詞閱讀：詩人、版本與入門路徑",{"to":321,"label":322,"label_zh":323},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fhow-to-read-chinese-regulated-verse","How to Read Chinese Regulated Verse: Lines, Rhyme, Tone and Parallelism","怎樣讀中國近體詩：句式、押韻、平仄與對仗",{"to":325,"label":326,"label_zh":327},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fhow-to-read-chinese-ci-lyrics","How to Read Chinese Ci Lyrics: Tune Patterns, Voice and Transmission","怎樣讀中國詞：詞牌、聲音與文本流傳",{"to":329,"label":330,"label_zh":331},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-poetry-anthologies-canon-transmission","How Chinese Poetry Anthologies Shape What We Read","中國詩歌選本怎樣塑造我們的閱讀",{"to":333,"label":334,"label_zh":335},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-thread-bound-books-folding-stitching-reading","Chinese Thread-Bound Books: Folding, Stitching and the Shape of Reading","中國線裝書：摺頁、裝訂與閱讀形態",{"to":337,"label":338,"label_zh":339},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fhow-to-read-chinese-paired-couplets-parallelism-calligraphy-place","How to Read Chinese Paired Couplets: Parallel Lines, Calligraphy and Place","怎樣讀中國對聯：對仗、書法與空間",{"to":341,"label":342,"label_zh":343},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fpoetry-on-chinese-paintings-inscriptions-colophons","Poetry on Chinese Paintings: How to Read Inscriptions and Colophons","中國畫上的詩：怎樣讀題款與題跋",{"to":345,"label":346,"label_zh":347},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-fu-rhapsody-catalogues-courts-expansive-description","Chinese Fu (Rhapsody): Catalogues, Courts and Expansive Description","中國賦：鋪陳、宮廷與展開描寫的藝術",{"to":349,"label":350,"label_zh":351},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fwenxin-diaolong-liu-xie-writing-reading-literary-thought","Wenxin Diaolong: How Liu Xie Thought About Writing and Reading","《文心雕龍》導讀：劉勰怎樣思考寫作與閱讀",{"to":353,"label":354,"label_zh":355},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-shihua-poetry-talks-notes-anecdotes-criticism","Shihua (Poetry Talks): How Chinese Criticism Speaks in Notes and Anecdotes","中國詩話導讀：批評怎樣寫進筆記、軼事與評語",{"to":357,"label":358,"label_zh":359},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-prefaces-afterwords-xu-ba-books-texts-readers","Chinese Prefaces and Afterwords (Xu and Ba): How Books Frame Texts and Readers","中國序跋導讀：書籍怎樣安排文本、作者與讀者",{"to":361,"label":362,"label_zh":363},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-biji-brush-notes-notebooks-miscellanies","Chinese Biji (Brush Notes): How Fragments Become Knowledge and Literature","中國筆記導讀：零散見聞怎樣成為知識與文學",{"to":365,"label":366,"label_zh":367},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-leishu-classified-books-excerpts-knowledge","Chinese Leishu (Classified Books): How Knowledge Was Excerpted and Ordered","中國類書導讀：知識怎樣被摘錄與分類",{"to":369,"label":370,"label_zh":371},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-dictionaries-rhyme-books-erya-shuowen-qieyun-guangyun","Chinese Dictionaries and Rhyme Books: How Characters, Meanings and Sounds Were Ordered","中國字書與韻書導讀：字形、詞義與語音怎樣被編排",{"to":373,"label":374,"label_zh":375},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-primers-sanzijing-baijiaxing-qianziwen-literacy","Chinese Primers and Elementary Literacy: Reading the Three, Hundred and Thousand","中國傳統蒙學讀物導讀：《三字經》《百家姓》《千字文》怎樣教人識字",{"to":377,"label":378,"label_zh":379},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-texts-punctuation-reading-marks-sentence-division-modern-editions","How Chinese Texts Were Punctuated: Reading Marks, Sentence Division and Modern Editions","中國古籍怎樣斷句：句讀、圈點與現代標點",{"to":381,"label":382,"label_zh":383},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-letters-chidu-writing-address-correspondence-calligraphy","Chinese Letters (Chidu): Writing, Address and the Afterlife of Correspondence","中國尺牘導讀：書信格式、稱謂與墨跡流傳",{"to":385,"label":386,"label_zh":387},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-travel-writing-youji-routes-witness-making-place","Chinese Travel Writing (Youji): Routes, Witness and the Making of Place","中國遊記導讀：路線、見聞與地方書寫",{"to":389,"label":390,"label_zh":391},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-individual-collected-works-bieji-authors-editors-transmission","Chinese Individual Collected Works (Bieji): How an Author’s Writings Become a Book","中國別集導讀：一位作者的詩文怎樣成為一部書",{"to":393,"label":394,"label_zh":395},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-guwen-pianwen-ancient-style-parallel-prose-rhythm-argument","Guwen and Pianwen: Two Ways of Shaping Classical Chinese Prose","古文與駢文導讀：中國古典散文的兩種組織方式",{"to":397,"label":398,"label_zh":399},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-eight-legged-essay-baguwen-examination-classics-composition","The Eight-Legged Essay (Baguwen): How an Examination Form Organized Classical Thought","八股文導讀：科舉文章怎樣組織經典義理",{"to":401,"label":402,"label_zh":403},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-examination-compounds-gongyuan-cells-candidate-experience","Chinese Examination Compounds (Gongyuan): How Architecture Shaped the Candidate Experience","中國貢院導讀：考場空間怎樣塑造士子的應試體驗",{"to":405,"label":406,"label_zh":407},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-academies-shuyuan-books-teaching-ritual-landscape","Chinese Academies (Shuyuan): How Books, Teaching and Ritual Made a Scholarly Place","中國書院導讀：書籍、講學與禮儀怎樣構成學術空間",{"to":409,"label":410,"label_zh":411},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-private-libraries-cangshulou-collectors-catalogues-transmission","Chinese Private Libraries (Cangshulou): How Collectors Built Paths for Books to Survive","中國藏書樓導讀：私人收藏怎樣為典籍延續開闢路徑",{"to":413,"label":414,"label_zh":415},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-bookshops-book-markets-publishers-routes-readers","Chinese Bookshops and Book Markets: How Books Became Goods, Routes and Encounters","中國書肆與書市導讀：書籍怎樣成為商品、路線與相遇",{"to":417,"label":418,"label_zh":419},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-illustrated-books-woodblock-images-page-design-reading","Illustrated Chinese Books: How Woodblock Images Shaped the Page","中國古籍插圖導讀：木刻影像怎樣塑造書頁",{"to":421,"label":422,"label_zh":423},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-bibliographies-mulu-catalogues-classification-books-knowledge","Chinese Bibliographies (Mulu): How Catalogues Classified Books and Knowledge","中國目錄學導讀：書目怎樣分類書籍與知識",{"to":425,"label":426,"label_zh":427},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-textual-collation-jiaokan-variant-readings-witnesses-editions","Chinese Textual Collation (Jiaokan): How Scholars Read Variant Texts","中國校勘導讀：怎樣閱讀異文與文本傳本",{"to":429,"label":430,"label_zh":431},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-commentaries-subcommentaries-zhu-jian-shu-layered-reading","Chinese Commentaries and Subcommentaries: How Notes Became Part of the Text","中國註疏導讀：注、箋、疏怎樣層層塑造經典閱讀",{"to":433,"label":434,"label_zh":435},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-book-marginalia-meipi-pangpi-pijiao-reading-history","Marginalia in Chinese Books: How Readers Wrote Back","中國古籍批註導讀：讀者怎樣在書頁上留下閱讀史",{"to":437,"label":438,"label_zh":439},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-book-ownership-seals-cangshuyin-provenance-impressions","Book-Ownership Seals in China: Reading Provenance in Red","中國古籍藏書印導讀：怎樣從朱印追索遞藏",{"to":441,"label":442,"label_zh":443},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-book-paper-fibres-sizing-repairs-dating-evidence","Paper in Chinese Books: Fibres, Sizing, Repairs and the Limits of Dating","中國古籍用紙導讀：纖維、施膠、修補與斷代邊界",{"to":445,"label":446,"label_zh":447},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-book-page-layout-frames-columns-fishtails-centre-fold","Inside the Chinese Book Page: Frames, Columns, Fishtails and the Centre Fold","中國古籍版式導讀：版框、界行、魚尾與版心",{"to":449,"label":450,"label_zh":451},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-book-printers-marks-paiji-kanji-publishing-claims","Printer’s Marks in Chinese Books: Reading Paiji, Kanji and Publishing Claims","中國古籍牌記與刊記導讀：怎樣辨認刊刻、藏版與書坊資訊",{"to":453,"label":454,"label_zh":455},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-movable-type-printing-clay-wood-metal-reuse","Movable Type in Chinese Book History: Clay, Wood, Metal and Reuse","中國古籍活字印刷導讀：泥活字、木活字、金屬活字與複用",{"to":457,"label":458,"label_zh":459},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-woodblock-printing-workflow-writing-carving-inking-impressions","How Chinese Woodblock Printing Worked: Writing, Carving, Inking and Impressions","中國雕版印刷工藝導讀：寫樣、上版、刻版、刷墨與印紙",{"to":461,"label":462,"label_zh":463},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-woodblock-lifecycle-storage-repair-recutting-later-impressions","After the First Printing: How Chinese Woodblocks Were Stored, Repaired and Reused","初印之後：中國雕版的儲藏、遞修、重刻與後印",{"to":465,"label":466,"label_zh":467},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fwho-paid-chinese-book-printing-patronage-profit-donors-funding","Who Paid to Print? Patronage, Profit and Collective Funding in Chinese Book History","誰出資刻書？中國書籍史中的官刻、私資、坊刻與募資",{"to":469,"label":470,"label_zh":471},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fhow-readers-got-books-imperial-china-buying-borrowing-gifts-copying","How Readers Got Books in Imperial China: Buying, Borrowing, Gifting and Copying","古代中國讀者怎樣獲得書籍？購書、借閱、饋贈與抄寫",{"to":473,"label":474,"label_zh":475},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fhow-classical-chinese-poetry-was-heard-recitation-chanting-historical-sound","How Classical Chinese Poetry Was Heard: Recitation, Chanting and Historical Sound","古典詩歌怎樣被聽見？誦讀、吟詠與歷史聲音",{"to":477,"label":478,"label_zh":479},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-poetry-social-exchange-gifts-farewells-replies-rhyme-matching","Poetry as Social Exchange: Gifts, Farewells, Replies and Rhyme-Matching in China","詩歌作為交往：贈答、送別、唱和與次韻",{"to":481,"label":482,"label_zh":483},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-poetry-gatherings-themes-rhyme-lots-linked-composition","How Chinese Poetry Gatherings Worked: Themes, Rhyme Lots and Linked Composition","中國古典詩歌雅集怎樣運作：命題、分韻與聯句",{"to":485,"label":486,"label_zh":487},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-poetry-revision-drafts-variants-editorial-layers","How Chinese Poems Changed: Drafts, Variants and Editorial Layers","中國古典詩歌怎樣改定與流傳：草稿、異文與編輯層次",{"to":489,"label":490,"label_zh":491},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature\u002Fchinese-poetry-attribution-anonymity-disputed-authorship","Who Wrote This Poem? Attribution, Anonymity and Disputed Authorship in Chinese Poetry","這首詩是誰寫的？中國古典詩歌的署名、佚名與作者爭議",{"to":134,"label":135,"label_zh":136,"children":493},[494,498,502,506,510,514,518,522,526,530,534,538,542,546,550,554,558],{"to":495,"label":496,"label_zh":497},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Forigins-history-of-calligraphy","Origins and History of Chinese Calligraphy","中國書法的源流與歷史",{"to":499,"label":500,"label_zh":501},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fthe-five-script-styles","The Five Script Styles in Chinese Calligraphy","中國書法的五種主要書體",{"to":503,"label":504,"label_zh":505},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fcalligraphy-as-taoist-cultivation","Calligraphy and Taoist Cultivation: Text, Attention and Practice","書法與道家修養：讀懂文字，專注落筆",{"to":507,"label":508,"label_zh":509},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Ffour-treasures-of-the-study","The Four Treasures of the Study: Choosing and Using Calligraphy Materials","文房四寶：認識、選擇與使用筆墨紙硯",{"to":511,"label":512,"label_zh":513},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fbrush-technique-living-line","Chinese Calligraphy Brushwork: Reading and Practising the Living Line","書法筆法：觀察與練習有生氣的線條",{"to":515,"label":516,"label_zh":517},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fgreat-masters-further-reading","Chinese Calligraphy Masters and Reading Paths","中國書法名家與閱讀路徑",{"to":519,"label":520,"label_zh":521},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-seals-and-seal-carving","Chinese Seals and Seal Carving: Script, Surface and Impression","中國印章與篆刻：文字、印面與鈐印",{"to":523,"label":524,"label_zh":525},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-ink-rubbings","Chinese Ink Rubbings: Stone, Paper and the Life of Calligraphy","中國傳拓：石刻、紙墨與書法的流傳",{"to":527,"label":528,"label_zh":529},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-inkstones","Chinese Inkstones: Stone, Carving and the Scholar’s Desk","中國硯臺：石材、雕刻與文房生活",{"to":531,"label":532,"label_zh":533},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-inksticks","Chinese Inksticks: Soot, Moulds and the Scholar’s Desk","中國墨錠：煙料、墨模與文房生活",{"to":535,"label":536,"label_zh":537},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-calligraphy-paper","Chinese Calligraphy Paper: Xuan, Sizing and the Life of a Sheet","中國書畫紙：宣紙、施膠與紙張的一生",{"to":539,"label":540,"label_zh":541},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-calligraphy-brushes","Chinese Calligraphy Brushes: Hair, Handle and the Working Point","中國毛筆：毫料、筆管與筆鋒",{"to":543,"label":544,"label_zh":545},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-brush-rests","Chinese Brush Rests: Mountains, Materials and the Scholar’s Desk","中國筆架：山形、材質與文人書案",{"to":547,"label":548,"label_zh":549},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-water-droppers-scholars-desk","Chinese Water Droppers: Flow, Form and the Scholar’s Desk","中國水滴：控水、造型與文人書案",{"to":551,"label":552,"label_zh":553},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-brush-pots-materials-scholars-desk","Chinese Brush Pots: Function, Material and the Scholar’s Desk","中國筆筒：收納、材質與文人書案",{"to":555,"label":556,"label_zh":557},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-brush-washers-water-form-scholars-desk","Chinese Brush Washers: Water, Form and the Scholar’s Desk","中國筆洗：洗筆、造型與文人書案",{"to":559,"label":560,"label_zh":561},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy\u002Fchinese-paperweights-form-material-scholars-desk","Chinese Paperweights: Form, Material and the Scholar’s Desk","中國鎮紙：形制、材質與文人書案",{"to":139,"label":140,"label_zh":141,"children":563},[564,568,572,576,580,584,588,592,596,600,604,608,612,616,620,624,628,632,636,640,644,648,652,656,660,664,668,672,676,680,684,688,692,696,700,704,708,712,716],{"to":565,"label":566,"label_zh":567},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-meditation-taoist-practice","Tea, Meditation and Taoist Practice","茶、靜坐與道家修習",{"to":569,"label":570,"label_zh":571},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Forigins-history-of-tea-culture","Origins and History of Chinese Tea Culture","中國茶文化的源流與歷史",{"to":573,"label":574,"label_zh":575},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fthe-way-of-tea","The Way of Tea: Attention, Care and Hospitality","茶道：在一杯茶中練習用心與待客",{"to":577,"label":578,"label_zh":579},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftypes-of-tea-and-character","Six Chinese Tea Families: Processing and Taste","六大茶類：從製法到品飲",{"to":581,"label":582,"label_zh":583},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Futensils-and-gongfu-method","Gongfu Tea: Utensils and a Flexible Method","工夫茶：茶具與靈活沖泡法",{"to":585,"label":586,"label_zh":587},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ffurther-reading-and-practice","Learning Chinese Tea: Reading and Practice","學茶入門：閱讀與品飲練習",{"to":589,"label":590,"label_zh":591},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fwater-for-chinese-tea","Water for Chinese Tea: Springs, Minerals and a Practical Tasting Method","中國茶用水：山泉、礦物與實用對比方法",{"to":593,"label":594,"label_zh":595},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fchinese-teaware-clay-glaze-form","Chinese Tea Ware: Clay, Porcelain, Glaze and the Uses of Form","中國茶器：胎土、瓷釉、造型與使用",{"to":597,"label":598,"label_zh":599},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fchinese-tea-caddies","Chinese Tea Caddies: Storage, Materials and the Traveling Leaf","中國茶葉罐：貯藏、材質與流動的茶葉",{"to":601,"label":602,"label_zh":603},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fsong-whisked-tea-powder-bowls-foam","Whisked Tea in Song China: Powder, Bowls and Foam","宋代點茶：茶末、茶盞與湯花",{"to":605,"label":606,"label_zh":607},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fyixing-teapots-clay-form-makers-marks","Yixing Teapots: Clay, Form and Reading the Maker’s Mark","宜興紫砂壺：泥料、器形與款識",{"to":609,"label":610,"label_zh":611},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fcompressed-tea-cakes-bricks-trade-storage-object-reading","Compressed Tea in China: Cakes, Bricks and How to Read Them","中國緊壓茶：茶餅、茶磚與辨讀方法",{"to":613,"label":614,"label_zh":615},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-horse-trade-networks-routes-markets-cultural-exchange","Tea–Horse Trade Networks: Routes, Markets and Cultural Exchange","茶馬貿易網路：路線、市場與文化交流",{"to":617,"label":618,"label_zh":619},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-landscapes-china-gardens-forests-terraces-living-knowledge","Tea Landscapes in China: Gardens, Forests, Terraces and Living Knowledge","中國茶景觀：茶園、古茶林、梯田與活態知識",{"to":621,"label":622,"label_zh":623},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fpicking-tea-china-seasons-bud-leaf-standards-skilled-labour","Picking Tea in China: Seasons, Bud-and-Leaf Standards and Skilled Labour","中國採茶：季節、芽葉標準與勞作技藝",{"to":625,"label":626,"label_zh":627},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fwithering-tea-leaves-water-loss-time-first-transformation","Withering Tea Leaves: Water Loss, Time and the First Transformation","茶葉萎凋：失水、時間與採後初變",{"to":629,"label":630,"label_zh":631},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ffixing-tea-leaves-shaqing-heat-enzymes-turning-point","Fixing Tea Leaves (Shaqing): Heat, Enzymes and a Turning Point in Chinese Tea","茶葉殺青：熱、酶活性與中國製茶的轉折點",{"to":633,"label":634,"label_zh":635},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Frolling-tea-leaves-rounian-pressure-shape-cell-disruption","Rolling Tea Leaves (Rounian): Pressure, Shape and Controlled Cell Disruption","茶葉揉捻：壓力、形態與受控細胞破損",{"to":637,"label":638,"label_zh":639},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fdrying-tea-leaves-moisture-heat-stability-finished-tea","Drying Tea Leaves: Moisture, Heat and the Stability of Finished Tea","茶葉乾燥：水分、熱量與成茶穩定",{"to":641,"label":642,"label_zh":643},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fsorting-grading-tea-leaf-size-shape-grade-meaning","Sorting and Grading Tea: Leaf Size, Shape and What a Grade Really Means","茶葉篩分與分級：葉片大小、形態與等級的真正含義",{"to":645,"label":646,"label_zh":647},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-blending-batch-construction-consistency-style-transparency","Tea Blending and Batch Construction: Consistency, Style and Transparent Labels","茶葉拼配與批次構建：穩定、風格與透明標示",{"to":649,"label":650,"label_zh":651},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-oxidation-post-fermentation-enzymes-microbes-terms","Oxidation and Post-Fermentation in Tea: Enzymes, Microbes and Misleading Labels","茶葉氧化與後發酵：酶、微生物與容易混淆的標籤",{"to":653,"label":654,"label_zh":655},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fyellow-tea-menhuang-moist-heat-time-tea-family","Yellow Tea and Menhuang: Moist Heat, Time and the Making of a Tea Family","黃茶與悶黃：溼熱、時間與一類茶的形成",{"to":657,"label":658,"label_zh":659},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Frefiring-roasting-tea-later-heat-aroma-finished-leaf","Re-Firing and Roasting Tea: Later Heat, Aroma and the Difference from Drying","茶葉復火與焙火：後段加熱、香氣及其與乾燥的區別",{"to":661,"label":662,"label_zh":663},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fjasmine-tea-scenting-flowers-repeated-rounds-aroma-transfer","Jasmine Tea and Scenting: Flowers, Repeated Rounds and How Aroma Enters Tea","茉莉花茶與窨制：鮮花、多次窨香與茶葉如何吸收香氣",{"to":665,"label":666,"label_zh":667},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-sensory-evaluation-appearance-aroma-taste-score-limits","Tea Sensory Evaluation: Appearance, Aroma, Taste and the Limits of a Score","茶葉感官審評：外形、香氣、滋味與分數的邊界",{"to":669,"label":670,"label_zh":671},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fdoucha-song-tea-contests-whisked-tea-jian-bowls-modern-judging","Doucha: Tea Contests in Song China and the Limits of Modern Re-Creation","鬥茶：宋代茶事競賽與現代重現的邊界",{"to":673,"label":674,"label_zh":675},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fbeiyuan-tribute-tea-song-court-labour-imperial-label","Beiyuan Tribute Tea: Song Court Taste, Skilled Labour and the Limits of ‘Imperial Tea’","北苑貢茶：宋代宮廷品味、製茶勞作與“御茶”標籤的邊界",{"to":677,"label":678,"label_zh":679},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Freading-chinese-tea-classics-authorship-editions-recipe-limits","Reading Chinese Tea Classics: Authorship, Editions and the Limits of a ‘Recipe’","如何閱讀中國茶書：作者、版本與“配方”式解讀的邊界",{"to":681,"label":682,"label_zh":683},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-in-chinese-poetry-social-worlds-metaphor-historical-evidence","Tea in Chinese Poetry: Social Worlds, Metaphor and the Limits of Literary Evidence","中國詩歌中的茶：社會交往、詩意表達與文學證據的邊界",{"to":685,"label":686,"label_zh":687},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fchinese-teahouses-commerce-conversation-performance-urban-publics","Chinese Teahouses: Commerce, Conversation, Performance and Changing Urban Publics","中國茶館：商業、交往、表演與變動中的城市公共生活",{"to":689,"label":690,"label_zh":691},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-in-chinese-painting-objects-social-worlds-visual-evidence","Tea in Chinese Painting: Objects, Social Worlds and the Limits of Visual Evidence","中國繪畫中的茶：器物、社會空間與視覺證據的邊界",{"to":693,"label":694,"label_zh":695},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-in-dream-of-the-red-chamber-hospitality-rank-labour-fiction","Tea in Dream of the Red Chamber: Hospitality, Rank, Labour and Fiction","《紅樓夢》中的茶：待客、等級、勞動與小說敘事",{"to":697,"label":698,"label_zh":699},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-in-chinese-travel-writing-roads-hospitality-regional-evidence","Tea in Chinese Travel Writing: Roads, Hospitality and the Limits of an Itinerary","中國遊記中的茶：道路、待客與行程證據的邊界",{"to":701,"label":702,"label_zh":703},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-in-chinese-letters-gifts-visits-friendship-private-writing","Tea in Chinese Letters: Gifts, Visits, Friendship and the Limits of ‘Private’ Writing","中國書信中的茶：饋贈、訪友、人情與“私語”證據的邊界",{"to":705,"label":706,"label_zh":707},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-tax-monopoly-imperial-china-fiscal-records-daily-life","Tea, Tax and Monopoly in Imperial China: Reading Fiscal Records Without Mistaking Revenue for Daily Life","中國曆代茶稅與專賣：財政記錄能告訴我們什麼，又不能告訴我們什麼",{"to":709,"label":710,"label_zh":711},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-chinese-local-gazetteers-place-production-local-knowledge","Tea in Chinese Local Gazetteers: Place, Production and the Limits of Local Knowledge","中國地方誌中的茶：產地、生產與地方知識的邊界",{"to":713,"label":714,"label_zh":715},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-chinese-materia-medica-names-preparations-medical-claims","Tea in Chinese Materia Medica: Names, Preparations and the Limits of Medical Claims","中國本草中的茶：名稱、製法與醫藥記載的邊界",{"to":717,"label":718,"label_zh":719},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Ftea-chinese-buddhist-monastic-rules-ceremony-office-origin-stories","Tea in Chinese Buddhist Monastic Rules: Ceremony, Office and the Limits of Origin Stories","中國佛教清規中的茶：禮儀、職事與起源故事的邊界",{"to":144,"label":145,"label_zh":146,"children":721},[722,726,730,734,738,742,746,750,754,758,762,766],{"to":723,"label":724,"label_zh":725},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Forigins-history-of-the-guqin","A History of the Guqin: Objects, Texts and Living Music","古琴的歷史：實物、文獻與傳習",{"to":727,"label":728,"label_zh":729},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Fanatomy-of-the-guqin","How the Guqin Works: Strings, Body and Sound","古琴如何發聲：琴絃、琴身與結構",{"to":731,"label":732,"label_zh":733},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Fplaying-technique-and-notation","Playing the Guqin: Gesture, Notation and Interpretation","古琴怎樣彈、怎樣讀譜：指法、減字譜與詮釋",{"to":735,"label":736,"label_zh":737},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Ffamous-melodies-and-stories","Guqin Melodies: Stories, Versions and Ways to Listen","聽懂古琴名曲：故事、版本與聆聽線索",{"to":739,"label":740,"label_zh":741},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Fguqin-as-taoist-cultivation","Guqin and Daoist Cultivation: Listening, Practice and Limits","古琴與道家修養：聆聽、練習與邊界",{"to":743,"label":744,"label_zh":745},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Ffurther-listening-and-study","Learning the Guqin: Listening, Sources and Finding a Teacher","怎樣學古琴：聆聽、資料與擇師",{"to":747,"label":748,"label_zh":749},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Fguqin-tables-playing-spaces","Guqin Tables and Playing Spaces: Support, Posture and Listening","古琴桌與彈琴空間：承托、坐姿與聆聽",{"to":751,"label":752,"label_zh":753},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Fhow-to-read-guqin-handbook-tablature-editions-dapu","How to Read a Guqin Handbook: Tablature, Editions and Dapu","如何讀古琴譜：減字譜、版本與打譜",{"to":755,"label":756,"label_zh":757},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Freading-guqin-lacquer-layers-crack-patterns-repair","Reading Guqin Lacquer: Layers, Crack Patterns and Repair","讀懂古琴漆面：漆層、斷紋與修繕",{"to":759,"label":760,"label_zh":761},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Freading-guqin-inscriptions-seals-names-dates-provenance","Reading Guqin Inscriptions and Seals: Names, Dates and Provenance","讀懂古琴銘款與印章：琴名、年代與流傳",{"to":763,"label":764,"label_zh":765},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Fguqin-forms-zhongni-banana-leaf-shapes","Guqin Forms: Reading Zhongni, Banana-Leaf and Other Shapes","古琴式樣：讀懂仲尼式、蕉葉式與其他琴式",{"to":767,"label":768,"label_zh":769},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin\u002Fguqin-strings-silk-modern-composites-playing","Guqin Strings: Silk, Modern Composites and How Material Changes Playing","古琴琴絃：絲絃、現代複合弦與材質如何改變演奏",{"to":149,"label":150,"label_zh":151,"children":771},[772,776,780,784,788,792,796,800,804,808,812,816,820,824,828],{"to":773,"label":774,"label_zh":775},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Forigins-history-of-chinese-painting","Origins and History of Chinese Painting: Objects, Courts and Communities","中國繪畫的源流與歷史：作品、宮廷與社會",{"to":777,"label":778,"label_zh":779},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fart-of-ink-and-brush","Ink and Brush in Chinese Painting: Materials, Water and Marks","中國畫的筆墨：材料、水分與筆痕",{"to":781,"label":782,"label_zh":783},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Flandscape-painting-shanshui","Shanshui: How to Read Chinese Landscape Painting","山水畫：怎樣讀懂中國山水",{"to":785,"label":786,"label_zh":787},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fbirds-flowers-four-gentlemen","Birds, Flowers and the Four Gentlemen in Chinese Painting","中國畫中的花鳥與四君子",{"to":789,"label":790,"label_zh":791},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fpainting-as-taoist-cultivation","Painting and Taoist Cultivation: Images, Ideas and Practice","繪畫與道家修養：影像、觀念與實踐",{"to":793,"label":794,"label_zh":795},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fgreat-masters-further-study","Chinese Painting Masters: A Guided Path","中國畫名家與進階研習",{"to":797,"label":798,"label_zh":799},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fhow-to-read-chinese-handscroll","How to Read a Chinese Handscroll: Sequence, Colophons and Seals","怎樣觀看中國手卷：展開順序、題跋與印章",{"to":801,"label":802,"label_zh":803},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fchinese-fan-painting","Chinese Fan Painting: Shape, Brushwork and the Art of the Small Format","中國扇面書畫：形制、筆墨與方寸之美",{"to":805,"label":806,"label_zh":807},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fhow-to-read-chinese-painting-album","How to Read a Chinese Painting Album: Leaves, Sequence and Intimate Viewing","如何閱讀中國畫冊頁：開頁、次序與案頭觀看",{"to":809,"label":810,"label_zh":811},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fchinese-scholars-rocks","Chinese Scholars’ Rocks: Stone, Display and Imagined Landscapes","中國文人賞石：石質、陳設與想像山水",{"to":813,"label":814,"label_zh":815},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fhow-to-read-chinese-hanging-scroll","How to Read a Chinese Hanging Scroll: Vertical Space, Mounting and Display","如何閱讀中國立軸：縱向空間、裝裱與陳設",{"to":817,"label":818,"label_zh":819},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fchinese-screens-space-painting","Chinese Screens: Space, Painting and the Art of the Fold","中國屏風：空間、影像與開合之藝",{"to":821,"label":822,"label_zh":823},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fmounting-chinese-painting","Mounting Chinese Painting: Silk Borders, Backing Papers and the Life of a Scroll","中國畫裝裱：綾邊、托紙與卷軸的生命",{"to":825,"label":826,"label_zh":827},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fchinese-portrait-painting-likeness-role-ancestral-memory","Chinese Portrait Painting: Likeness, Role and Ancestral Memory","中國肖像畫：形神、身份與祖先記憶",{"to":829,"label":830,"label_zh":831},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting\u002Fthree-distances-chinese-landscape-painting","The Three Distances in Chinese Landscape Painting: High, Deep and Level Space","中國山水畫的“三遠”：高遠、深遠與平遠",{"to":154,"label":155,"label_zh":156,"children":833},[834,838,842,846,850,854,858,862,866],{"to":835,"label":836,"label_zh":837},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Forigins-history-of-incense-culture","Origins and History of Chinese Incense Culture","中國香文化的源流與歷史",{"to":839,"label":840,"label_zh":841},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Faromatic-materials-fragrant-woods","Aromatic Materials: Woods, Resins and Responsible Sourcing","香材指南：香木、樹脂與負責任的來源",{"to":843,"label":844,"label_zh":845},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Fforms-and-art-of-appreciation","Incense Forms and the Art of Appreciation","香的形態與品香方法",{"to":847,"label":848,"label_zh":849},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Fincense-in-ritual-and-temple-life","Incense in Daoist Ritual and Temple Life","香在道教科儀與宮觀生活中",{"to":851,"label":852,"label_zh":853},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Fincense-meditation-taoist-practice","Incense, Meditation and Taoist Practice","香、靜坐與道家修習",{"to":855,"label":856,"label_zh":857},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Ffurther-reading-and-practice","Learning Chinese Incense: Reading and Practice","學習中國香文化：閱讀與實踐",{"to":859,"label":860,"label_zh":861},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Fchinese-incense-burners","Chinese Incense Burners: Bronze, Ceramic, Form and Context","中國香爐：青銅、陶瓷、形制與使用語境",{"to":863,"label":864,"label_zh":865},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Fchinese-incense-seals-fragrant-time","Chinese Incense Seals: Ash, Patterns and Fragrant Time","中國香篆：香灰、篆紋與芬芳計時",{"to":867,"label":868,"label_zh":869},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense\u002Fchinese-incense-sets-burner-box-vase-tools","Chinese Incense Sets: Burner, Box, Vase and Tools","中國香具三式：爐、盒、瓶與匙箸",{"to":158,"label":159,"label_zh":160,"children":871},[872,876,880,884,888,892,896],{"to":873,"label":874,"label_zh":875},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Forigins-history-of-floral-art","A History of Chinese Flower Arrangement: Vessels, Pictures and Voices","中國插花史：器物、影像與文字中的花事",{"to":877,"label":878,"label_zh":879},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Fprinciples-of-flower-arrangement","Chinese Flower Arrangement: Line, Balance and Ways of Looking","中國插花構圖：線條、平衡與觀看方法",{"to":881,"label":882,"label_zh":883},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Fvessels-tools-and-composition","Choosing Flower Vessels and Tools: Form, Support and Care","選擇花器與工具：形制、支撐和養護",{"to":885,"label":886,"label_zh":887},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Fseasonal-flowers-and-symbolism","Seasonal Flowers and Symbolism: How to Read Context","時令花材與象徵：怎樣結合語境來讀",{"to":889,"label":890,"label_zh":891},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Fflower-arrangement-as-cultivation","Flower Arrangement as Cultivation: Attention, Change and Limits","插花與修養：專注、變化與界限",{"to":893,"label":894,"label_zh":895},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Ffurther-reading-and-practice","Further Reading and Practice: Sources, Museums and a First Month","延伸閱讀與練習：史料、博物館與第一個月",{"to":897,"label":898,"label_zh":899},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement\u002Fchinese-flower-baskets-weaving-painting-vessels","Chinese Flower Baskets: Weaving, Painting and the Vessel","中國花籃：編織、繪畫與器物",[],[],{"data":903},[904,940,963,982,1003,1022,1042,1060,1081,1104,1126],{"id":38,"uuid":905,"slug":906,"available_locales":907,"name":911,"description":914,"body":916,"path":919,"images":920,"image_urls":925,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":930,"seo_description":933,"sort_order":935,"is_active":936,"status":937,"created_at":938,"updated_at":939},"f1a30881-20c6-407b-b546-669e839a178a","feng-shui-learning",[908,909,910],"en","zh","fr",{"en":912,"zh":913},"Feng Shui Learning","風水課程",{"en":915,"zh":3},"Study feng shui as a historical Chinese tradition of interpreting orientation, form and environment—with clear limits on predictive claims.",{"en":917,"zh":918},"\u003Ch2>\u003Cem>Feng shui 風水 developed through multiple schools, texts and professional traditions. It brings together observations of landform, orientation, water, buildings and correlative cosmology. It should not be reduced to decorative rules, nor presented as a scientifically proven way to guarantee health, wealth or relationships.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cem>Classes introduce core vocabulary, the distinction between major approaches and the cultural contexts in which feng shui has been practised. Contemporary applications are discussed critically. Students remain responsible for property, financial and personal decisions and should seek qualified professional advice where those decisions carry material consequences.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>風水形成於不同的流派、典籍與專業傳統，綜合觀察地形、方位、水勢、建築以及陰陽五行等關聯性宇宙觀。它不應被簡化為裝飾規則，也不能被宣傳為保證健康、財富或關係結果的科學方法。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>課程介紹基本術語、主要方法的差別，以及風水在歷史社會中的實踐語境，並以批判態度討論當代應用。涉及房產、財務或其他重大決定時，學員仍應根據事實判斷，並諮詢具備資質的相關專業人士。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Ffeng-shui-learning",[921,922,923,924],"wudang\u002Fevents\u002FYpvXV9T4BG3YVD0NQ150.webp","wudang\u002Fevents\u002FfhZyCVAEQXsL76XmGdVp.webp","wudang\u002Fevents\u002FAt5a8W2EGZ9IhDUbI4f3.avif","wudang\u002Fevents\u002FBKPjfYeMNJ617LWJ7tgv.avif",[926,927,928,929],"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FYpvXV9T4BG3YVD0NQ150.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FfhZyCVAEQXsL76XmGdVp.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FAt5a8W2EGZ9IhDUbI4f3.avif","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FBKPjfYeMNJ617LWJ7tgv.avif",{"en":931,"zh":932},"Feng Shui Classes and Courses","風水課程：方位、形勢與空間觀念入門",{"en":915,"zh":934},"從歷史、環境與文化語境學習風水，理解方位、形勢與空間觀念，同時明確傳統解釋與科學證據的界限。",0,true,"active","2026-07-13T05:17:57.000000Z","2026-09-25T03:51:12.000000Z",{"id":60,"uuid":941,"slug":942,"available_locales":943,"name":944,"description":947,"body":950,"path":953,"images":954,"image_urls":955,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":956,"seo_description":959,"sort_order":935,"is_active":936,"status":937,"created_at":962,"updated_at":939},"c85bf6cc-b84e-4c36-bbd7-9e92b53bbe50","internal-arts-wellness",[908,909,910],{"en":945,"zh":946},"Internal Arts & Wellness","內家功法與養生",{"en":948,"zh":949},"Classes, workshops and retreats in Baduanjin, Taijiquan, qigong and traditional practices for movement, breathing and mindful cultivation.","彙集八段錦、太極拳、氣功及傳統身心修習的課程、工作坊與靜修活動。",{"en":951,"zh":952},"\u003Cp>Explore small-group classes, workshops and retreats introducing Wudang internal arts and traditional wellness practices. Programmes may include Baduanjin, Taijiquan, qigong, standing practice, breathing and their cultural foundations.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Each listing provides its teacher, schedule, experience level and registration arrangements.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>本類別彙集武當內家功法與傳統養生修習的小班課程、工作坊及靜修活動，內容可涵蓋八段錦、太極拳、氣功、站樁、呼吸練習及相關文化基礎。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>每項活動都會註明導師、日期、適合程度與報名方式，方便參加者選擇合適的學習體驗。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Finternal-arts-wellness",[],[],{"en":957,"zh":958},"Internal Arts & Wellness Events","內家功法與養生活動",{"en":960,"zh":961},"Explore Baduanjin, Taijiquan, qigong and traditional wellness classes, workshops and retreats listed by Wudang.Org.","探索八段錦、太極拳、氣功與傳統養生課程、工作坊及靜修活動。","2026-08-16T19:23:45.000000Z",{"id":964,"uuid":965,"slug":966,"available_locales":967,"name":968,"description":971,"body":972,"path":973,"images":974,"image_urls":975,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":976,"seo_description":978,"sort_order":935,"is_active":936,"status":937,"created_at":981,"updated_at":939},10,"884ed965-8c72-49e2-acee-0fc2f7aec70a","face-reading-learning",[908,909,910],{"en":969,"zh":970},"Face Reading Learning","面相課程",[],[],"\u002Fevents\u002Fface-reading-learning",[],[],{"en":977},"Chinese Face Reading Classes and Workshops",{"en":979,"zh":980},"Learn Chinese face reading (面相) as a cultural tradition: its classical framework, history and uses, taught with clear limits on predictive claims.","把面相作為中國傳統文化來學習：認識其經典框架、歷史與用法，並清楚說明傳統詮釋的邊界。","2026-08-30T17:01:43.000000Z",{"id":983,"uuid":984,"slug":985,"available_locales":986,"name":987,"description":990,"body":992,"path":995,"images":996,"image_urls":997,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":998,"seo_description":1001,"sort_order":38,"is_active":936,"status":937,"created_at":938,"updated_at":939},2,"8792a80b-d0c8-4ef9-9634-5cb91827932b","zi-wei-dou-shu-learning",[908,909,910],{"en":988,"zh":989},"Zi Wei Dou Shu Learning","紫微斗數課程",{"en":991,"zh":3},"Explore Purple Star Astrology as a traditional Chinese interpretive system, approached as cultural knowledge rather than scientific prediction.",{"en":993,"zh":994},"\u003Cp>Zi Wei Dou Shu 紫微鬥數 organises birth information through palaces, stars and patterned relationships. The system has a substantial technical vocabulary and several interpretive traditions, but its predictive claims are not established by modern scientific evidence.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Courses explain how charts are structured, how symbols are read and how historical and contemporary practitioners differ. The aim is cultural literacy and disciplined reflection—not certainty about the future. Readings do not replace medical, legal, financial, employment or psychological expertise.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>紫微斗數依據出生資訊，以宮位、星曜和彼此關係組織命盤。它具有複雜的術語與多種解釋傳統，但其預測主張並未得到現代科學證據的確立。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>課程說明命盤結構、符號閱讀方法，以及歷史與當代實踐者之間的差異。學習目的在於文化理解與有紀律的自我反思，而不是獲得關於未來的確定答案。相關解讀不能代替醫療、法律、財務、就業或心理專業意見。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Fzi-wei-dou-shu-learning",[],[],{"en":999,"zh":1000},"Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology) Classes","紫微斗數課程：命盤、宮位與星曜入門",{"en":991,"zh":1002},"把紫微斗數作為中國傳統詮釋體系來學習，認識命盤、宮位與星曜，不把它包裝成科學預測。",{"id":247,"uuid":1004,"slug":1005,"available_locales":1006,"name":1007,"description":1010,"body":1011,"path":1012,"images":1013,"image_urls":1014,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":1015,"seo_description":1018,"sort_order":38,"is_active":936,"status":937,"created_at":1021,"updated_at":939},"09958025-4f1d-40e6-ae1c-8b1517ac824e","tea-arts",[908,909,910],{"en":1008,"zh":1009},"Tea Arts","茶藝",[],[],"\u002Fevents\u002Ftea-arts",[],[],{"en":1016,"zh":1017},"Chinese Tea Art Classes and Workshops","茶藝課程與工作坊",{"en":1019,"zh":1020},"Chinese tea art (茶藝) classes and workshops: tea types, brewing methods, tea-table etiquette and the quiet attention of sharing tea.","茶藝課程與工作坊：認識茶類、泡茶方法與茶席禮儀，在一席茶中體會從容與專注。","2026-08-16T17:13:57.000000Z",{"id":242,"uuid":1023,"slug":1024,"available_locales":1025,"name":1026,"description":1029,"body":1031,"path":1034,"images":1035,"image_urls":1036,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":1037,"seo_description":1040,"sort_order":983,"is_active":936,"status":937,"created_at":938,"updated_at":939},"e52a261e-348a-4b8a-bd51-43f4e6b1d861","ba-zi-learning",[908,909,910],{"en":1027,"zh":1028},"Ba Zi Learning","八字課程",{"en":1030,"zh":3},"Study the Four Pillars as a traditional system of stems, branches and five-phase correspondence, with history and limitations made explicit.",{"en":1032,"zh":1033},"\u003Cp>Ba Zi 八字 interprets year, month, day and hour through the heavenly stems, earthly branches, yin-yang and five-phase relationships. It is an influential part of Chinese metaphysical culture, not an observational science in the modern empirical sense.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Classes introduce chart structure, terminology and common interpretive methods while distinguishing tradition from evidence. Students are encouraged to treat readings as prompts for reflection and never as guarantees, diagnoses or substitutes for professional advice.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>八字以年、月、日、時四柱為框架，通過天干、地支、陰陽與五行關係進行解釋。它是中國術數文化中影響深遠的傳統體系，並非現代經驗科學。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>課程介紹命盤結構、基本術語和常見詮釋方法，同時說明傳統觀點與科學證據的差別。學員可把解讀作為反思的線索，但不應把它當作保證、診斷，或任何專業意見的替代品。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Fba-zi-learning",[],[],{"en":1038,"zh":1039},"BaZi (Four Pillars) Classes and Courses","八字課程：四柱、天干地支與五行入門",{"en":1030,"zh":1041},"學習四柱中的天干、地支與五行關係，理解其歷史與方法，也清楚區分傳統詮釋和現代實證知識。",{"id":69,"uuid":1043,"slug":1044,"available_locales":1045,"name":1046,"description":1049,"body":1050,"path":1051,"images":1052,"image_urls":1053,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":1054,"seo_description":1057,"sort_order":983,"is_active":936,"status":937,"created_at":1021,"updated_at":939},"76718b8e-3137-42fc-a257-c9e318b3e364","incense-culture",[908,909,910],{"en":1047,"zh":1048},"Incense Culture","香文化",[],[],"\u002Fevents\u002Fincense-culture",[],[],{"en":1055,"zh":1056},"Chinese Incense Culture Workshops","香文化活動與工作坊",{"en":1058,"zh":1059},"Workshops on Chinese incense culture (香文化): aromatic materials, traditional ways of preparing and appreciating incense, and incense as calm attention.","香文化活動與工作坊：認識香材、傳統制香與品香方式，在一爐香中練習安靜與專注。",{"id":1061,"uuid":1062,"slug":1063,"available_locales":1064,"name":1065,"description":1068,"body":1071,"path":1074,"images":1075,"image_urls":1076,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":1077,"seo_description":1079,"sort_order":983,"is_active":936,"status":937,"created_at":1080,"updated_at":939},11,"c39cc557-40eb-4266-9736-7fb84891d407","i-ching-learning",[908,909,910],{"en":1066,"zh":1067},"I Ching Learning","易經課程",{"en":1069,"zh":1070},"Explore the I Ching through its hexagrams, traditional interpretive methods and historical context, with scope and limitations made explicit.","通過卦象、傳統解讀方法與歷史語境認識《易經》，並清楚說明其適用範圍與侷限。",{"en":1072,"zh":1073},"\u003Cp>The I Ching 易經 is a classical Chinese text centred on sixty-four hexagrams and a long history of commentary and divination. It has shaped Chinese philosophy, cosmology and metaphysical practice, but its divinatory claims are not established as modern empirical science.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Classes introduce structures, terminology and traditional methods such as Liu Yao while distinguishing cultural study from evidence. Readings should be treated as prompts for reflection, not guarantees, diagnoses or substitutes for professional advice.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>《易經》是一部以六十四卦為核心的中國經典，形成了悠久的註疏與占筮傳統，並深刻影響中國哲學、宇宙觀與術數文化；其占筮主張並非現代經驗科學所證實。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>課程介紹基本結構、術語和六爻等傳統方法，同時區分文化學習與科學證據。解讀宜作為反思線索，不應視為保證、診斷或任何專業意見的替代品。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Fi-ching-learning",[],[],{"en":1078,"zh":1067},"I Ching Classes and Courses",{"en":1069,"zh":1070},"2026-09-08T00:15:35.000000Z",{"id":21,"uuid":1082,"slug":1083,"available_locales":1084,"name":1085,"description":1088,"body":1091,"path":1094,"images":1095,"image_urls":1096,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":1097,"seo_description":1100,"sort_order":242,"is_active":936,"status":937,"created_at":1103,"updated_at":939},"ee2330c6-5a3e-4ac2-a2d1-1a0dc110c58c","traditional-arts-crafts",[908,909,910],{"en":1086,"zh":1087},"Traditional Arts & Crafts","傳統藝術與手作",{"en":1089,"zh":1090},"Hands-on workshops exploring Chinese handicrafts and decorative arts through guided making and cultural appreciation.","通過親手製作與文化欣賞，體驗中國傳統手作及裝飾藝術。",{"en":1092,"zh":1093},"\u003Cp>Discover practical workshops in Chinese decorative arts and handcraft traditions. Activities may include gold-leaf painting, cloisonné enamel, mother-of-pearl work, Song brocade and other guided projects.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>These welcoming sessions introduce materials, techniques and cultural context while allowing participants to complete a piece of their own.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>本類別彙集中國傳統裝飾藝術與手作體驗，內容可涵蓋金箔畫、掐絲琺琅、螺鈿工藝、宋錦及其他創作專案。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>課程以輕鬆易懂的方式介紹材料、技法與文化背景，讓參加者在導師帶領下完成屬於自己的作品。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Ftraditional-arts-crafts",[],[],{"en":1098,"zh":1099},"Traditional Arts & Crafts Events","傳統藝術與手作活動",{"en":1101,"zh":1102},"Explore Chinese handicraft and decorative arts workshops, including gold-leaf, cloisonné, mother-of-pearl and brocade.","探索金箔畫、掐絲琺琅、螺鈿、宋錦等中國傳統手作及裝飾藝術體驗。","2026-08-16T19:24:04.000000Z",{"id":212,"uuid":1105,"slug":1106,"available_locales":1107,"name":1108,"description":1111,"body":1114,"path":1117,"images":1118,"image_urls":1119,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":1120,"seo_description":1122,"sort_order":247,"is_active":936,"status":937,"created_at":1125,"updated_at":939},"824f78c1-1181-4983-bae5-77e7cdbbbc1d","wudang-community",[908,909,910],{"en":1109,"zh":1110},"Wudang Community","武當社群活動",{"en":1112,"zh":1113},"Talks, broadcasts and community gatherings connecting people with Wudang culture, learning and living practice.","通過講座、直播與社群聚會，連線武當文化、學習與日常實踐。",{"en":1115,"zh":1116},"\u003Cp>Wudang Community brings together public talks, livestreams, gatherings and shared cultural activities connected with Wudang.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>These programmes create welcoming ways to meet practitioners, explore ideas and participate in a growing community of learning and practice.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>武當社群活動彙集與武當文化相關的公開講座、直播、聚會及共享文化體驗。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>這些活動以友善開放的方式連線練習者與學習者，讓大家交流心得、認識傳統，並共同參與持續發展的文化社群。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Fwudang-community",[],[],{"en":1121,"zh":1110},"Wudang Community Events",{"en":1123,"zh":1124},"Discover Wudang community talks, broadcasts and gatherings connecting people with culture, learning and living practice.","探索連線武當文化、學習與日常實踐的講座、直播及社群聚會。","2026-08-16T19:24:18.000000Z",{"id":16,"uuid":1127,"slug":1128,"available_locales":1129,"name":1130,"description":1133,"body":1134,"path":1135,"images":1136,"image_urls":1137,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":1138,"seo_description":1141,"sort_order":69,"is_active":936,"status":937,"created_at":1144,"updated_at":939},"25641c0b-8e5a-46d7-9b18-95c344015f97","wudang-journeys-retreats",[908,909,910],{"en":1131,"zh":1132},"Wudang Journeys & Retreats","武當旅修與行程",[],[],"\u002Fevents\u002Fwudang-journeys-retreats",[],[],{"en":1139,"zh":1140},"Wudang Mountain Retreats and Guided Journeys","武當山旅修與靜修行程",{"en":1142,"zh":1143},"Guided journeys and retreats to Wudang Mountain that combine practice, temple visits and cultural learning, with itineraries and expectations set out clearly.","前往武當山的旅修與靜修：結合修習、宮觀參訪與文化學習，提前說明行程安排與參加須知。","2026-08-18T11:09:38.000000Z",{"data":1146},{"hero_type":1147,"hero_image":1148,"hero_image_alt":1149,"hero_youtube_id":1150,"hero_content_on":936,"hero_heading":1151,"hero_subheading":1152,"hero_text":1153,"hero_subheading_zh":1154,"hero_text_zh":1155,"hero_buttons":1156,"home_seo":1162,"page_layout":1168,"shop_enabled":1169,"contact":1170,"journey":1186},"image","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fsite\u002Fwudanghomepagehero.webp","Wudang mountain temple in mist","VgirFbjpiy4","武當文化，道在日常\nWudang Culture, Practised with Purpose","A place for learning. A home for living culture.","Explore Taoist thought, internal arts, literati traditions and Wudang Mountain through grounded learning in Singapore and beyond.","這裡既是學習之地，也是讓文化融入日常的所在。","從道家思想、內家武術、文人雅藝與武當山出發，以清晰、踏實的方式，在新加坡及世界各地認識和體驗武當文化。",[1157,1159],{"label":1158,"link":278},"Start Your Wudang Journey",{"label":1160,"link":1161},"View Events & Courses","\u002Fevents",{"title":1163,"description":1165},{"en":1164,"zh":3},"Wudang Mountain: Tai Chi, Qigong & Taoist Culture",{"en":1166,"zh":1167},"Explore Wudang Mountain through Tai Chi, Qigong, Daoist philosophy, martial arts, traditional arts, wellness, culture and everyday life in Wudang.","從太極、氣功、道家思想、武術、傳統雅藝與養生文化認識武當山，探索武當文化及武當山的日常生活。","sidebar",false,{"methods":1171,"has_any":936,"text":1179},{"email":1172,"whatsapp":1173,"wechat_id":1174,"wechat_qr_url":1175,"instagram":1176,"instagram_handle":1177,"facebook":1178,"facebook_handle":1177},"hello@wudang.org","+6588169599","Cldjcll0305","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fcontact\u002Fkcs9Z5IEY7CugW2mEYA8.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.instagram.com\u002Fleewudang.sg","@leewudang.sg","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fleewudang.sg\u002F",{"china_heading_en":1180,"china_heading_zh":1181,"china_company_en":1182,"china_company_zh":1183,"china_address_en":1184,"china_address_zh":1185},"China Operations","中國運營","Xunwei Wudang Co., Ltd.","尋味武當有限公司","No. 72 Jianhe 2nd Road, Wangjiayuan, Wudang Mountain, Shiyan, Hubei, China","湖北省十堰市武當山王家園劍河二路72號",{"title_en":3,"title_zh":3,"intro_en":3,"intro_zh":3,"enabled":936},{"data":1188},{"to":605,"type":1189,"available_locales":1190,"is_content_page":936,"title":1191,"subtitle":1192,"body":1195,"hero_image_url":1198,"hero_width":1199,"hero_height":1200,"hero_image_alt":1201,"hero_image_decorative":1169,"hero_credit":1204,"hero_alt":1209,"hero_style":1210,"card_layout":1211,"link_type":3,"link_ref":3,"seo_title":1212,"seo_description":1214,"children":1217},"page",[908,909,910],{"en":606,"zh":607},{"en":1193,"zh":1194},"A museum-minded guide to Yixing stoneware, teapot construction, inscriptions, attribution and the limits of judging clay from appearance alone.","從博物館藏品出發，認識宜興紫砂、壺體結構、銘刻與作者歸屬，並理解僅憑外觀判斷泥料的限度。",{"en":1196,"zh":1197},"\u003Cp>Yixing teapots are often introduced through colour, clay names and famous potters. Museum objects suggest a better starting point: identify what the catalogue actually calls the material, trace how body, lid, spout and handle work together, and keep marks separate from proof of authorship. “Yixing,” “zisha,” “red stoneware” and “unglazed” overlap, but they are not interchangeable labels.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>This guide complements the site’s introductions to \u003Ca href=\"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fchinese-teaware-clay-glaze-form\">Chinese tea ware\u003C\u002Fa>, \u003Ca href=\"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Futensils-and-gongfu-method\">gongfu tea\u003C\u002Fa> and the \u003Ca href=\"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Forigins-history-of-tea-culture\">history of Chinese tea culture\u003C\u002Fa>. Its method is for looking, cataloguing and comparing. It cannot authenticate a pot from photographs or guarantee how an untested modern vessel will behave with food and hot water.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>Start with the catalogue term\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>Yixing is a place and a ware category\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>Yixing is a production centre in Jiangsu. Museums commonly catalogue its ceramics as stoneware or pottery and may add “Yixing ware,” \u003Cem>zisha\u003C\u002Fem> or a colour description. The Metropolitan Museum records objects in red, brown and speckled stoneware; the British Museum describes tan \u003Cem>zisha\u003C\u002Fem> as well as Yixing stoneware encased in pewter. A purple-sand name therefore does not mean every object looks purple.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Nor is every Yixing object a plain unglazed teapot. Museum collections include glazed vessels, enamelled teapots, brush objects and other forms. Read the medium line for the specific object instead of turning one familiar appearance into a universal definition.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>Why the teapot matters\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>A vessel for steeped leaves\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>The Met cautiously says that the invention of the teapot is often credited to Yixing potters in the sixteenth century and that wine-ewers may have been adapted for drinkers using steeped leaves rather than powdered tea. The qualifications matter. This is a historical explanation in a museum record, not permission to assign every small clay ewer to one inventor or exact year.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>The early-seventeenth-century plum-blossom pot attributed to Shi Dabin offers a secure object around which to study this shift. Its date, material, dimensions and attribution belong together. The flower form should not be detached from that record and used to date any similar modern pot.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>Read body, lid, spout and handle as a system\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>Profile before decoration\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>Begin with the body: round, compressed, cylindrical, square, faceted or modelled. Then examine the height and direction of the spout, the angle and grip of the handle, the size of the mouth and the way the lid meets its collar. Measure total height, width from spout to handle and base diameter when the catalogue provides them.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>A close-fitting lid may support controlled pouring, but a photograph does not reveal leakage, flow rate or thermal behaviour. Likewise, neat symmetry does not by itself prove wheel throwing, hand building, moulding or a named workshop. Those questions require tool marks, seams, interior views and technical examination.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch3>Condition can change the reading\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>Lids, handles and spouts are vulnerable. A replacement lid can fit without being original; a repaired spout can alter silhouette and balance. The British Museum’s pewter-encased example also shows how later or intended metalwork can cover the stoneware body while jade forms the handle, spout and knob. Describe what is visible before assuming an untouched all-clay vessel.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cfigure>\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fpages\u002FIgq0etXQOCDDv7pptAWd.webp\" alt=\"Conceptual overhead photograph of three fictional teapot study models in red, dark faceted and pewter-clad stoneware beside a grey scale, caliper, blank cards and gloves\">\u003Cfigcaption>Conceptual AI-generated museum-study scene with fictional objects and unreadable marks. It illustrates comparison of profile, fittings and surface only and does not document real Yixing teapots or a conservation procedure.\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\u003Ch2>Surface and colour are evidence, not a recipe\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>Red, brown, tan—and altered surfaces\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>Catalogues use colour descriptively: red stoneware, brown stoneware, tan \u003Cem>zisha\u003C\u002Fem> and speckled brown stoneware all occur. Lighting, firing, inclusions, wear, coatings and photography affect appearance. A colour word in a sales listing cannot establish a precise clay source, geological recipe or date.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Surface treatment also varies. Relief, incision, slip, enamel and metal casing appear in museum records. The National Palace Museum’s enamelled Yixing-bodied pots are particularly useful reminders that a Yixing body need not present as bare monochrome clay. Record body, coating and mount separately.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>Marks, inscriptions and named makers\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>A mark is a claim tied to an object\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>A pot may carry a seal beneath the base, a mark inside the lid, an incised poem or a separate calligrapher’s inscription. The British Museum’s barrel-shaped pot records an inscription by Zi Ye and identifies Yang Youlan as the potter discussed in its curatorial note. That division of labour is more informative than treating every name as “the maker.”\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Attribution still needs comparison. The National Museum of Asian Art catalogues one Qing Yixing teapot with a spurious mark of Chen Gongzhi. A prestigious seal can be later, copied or deliberately misleading. Script, placement, clay, construction, documented provenance and secure comparanda must agree before a name carries historical weight.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch3>Preserve museum qualifications\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>“Attributed to,” “signed,” “marked,” “inscribed by” and “spurious mark” answer different questions. Keep those verbs when translating a record. Do not promote “marked” into “made by,” and do not turn a catalogue date range into an exact production day.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>Yixing beyond China\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>Export, mounting and imitation\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>Yixing pots travelled. Some received metal and hardstone mounts; others became models for European red earthenware. The Met’s Dutch teapot from the factory of Arij de Milde records the demand for Chinese redware and the creation of Delft imitations in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. Similarity is evidence of reception, not proof that a European pot is Yixing.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>Catalogue place, body material and maker before visual resemblance. This distinction connects the pot to histories of trade and imitation without erasing where an object was actually made.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>A six-pass method for a museum teapot\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>Move from identity to attribution\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Fix the record.\u003C\u002Fstrong> Note institution, object number, title, date range, dimensions and consultation date.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Read the material line.\u003C\u002Fstrong> Separate stoneware body, glaze, slip, enamel, metal mounts and hardstone fittings.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Trace the form.\u003C\u002Fstrong> Compare body, mouth, lid, knob, spout, handle, foot and their proportions.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Check condition.\u003C\u002Fstrong> Look for missing or replaced lids, repaired spouts, worn rims and later mounts.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Map every mark.\u003C\u002Fstrong> Record seals and inscriptions by location, technique, script and claimed role.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>Compare cautiously.\u003C\u002Fstrong> Use securely catalogued objects, provenance and technical evidence; retain every institutional qualification.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\n\n\u003Ch3>Separate museum study from modern brewing\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>Do not brew in an antique or museum object. For a modern pot, seek reliable maker and material information and follow current food-contact and care guidance. Claims that one colour, ringing sound, pore pattern or absorption test proves “genuine Yixing” are not substitutes for provenance or laboratory analysis. If comparing taste, use the same \u003Ca href=\"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fwater-for-chinese-tea\">water\u003C\u002Fa>, tea, temperature and timing, and describe the result as a personal tasting rather than a health effect.\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>Sources and object records\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.metmuseum.org\u002Fart\u002Fcollection\u002Fsearch\u002F42323\">The Metropolitan Museum of Art, teapot in the shape of a plum blossom, attributed to Shi Dabin\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.britishmuseum.org\u002Fcollection\u002Fobject\u002FA_Franks-2450\">The British Museum, barrel-shaped inscribed Yixing teapot, Franks.2450\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.britishmuseum.org\u002Fcollection\u002Fobject\u002FA_1888-0913-18\">The British Museum, Yixing teapot encased in pewter with jade fittings\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fasia.si.edu\u002Fexplore-art-culture\u002Fcollections\u002Fsearch\u002Fedanmdm%3Afsg_F1939.66a-b\u002F\">National Museum of Asian Art, Yixing ware teapot with a spurious Chen Gongzhi mark\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdigitalarchive.npm.gov.tw\u002FCollection\u002FDetail\u002F24155?dep=U\">National Palace Museum, Yixing-bodied loop-handle teapot with painted enamels\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.metmuseum.org\u002Fart\u002Fcollection\u002Fsearch\u002F671534\">The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Dutch red earthenware teapot made in imitation of Yixing ware\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.roots.gov.sg\u002FCollection-Landing\u002Flisting\u002F1096753\">Asian Civilisations Museum, enamelled Yixing stoneware teapot\u003C\u002Fa>.\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>","\u003Cp>介紹宜興紫砂壺時，人們常從顏色、泥料名稱和名家談起。博物館藏品提示我們，可以換一個更穩妥的起點：先確認目錄如何記錄材質，再觀察壺身、蓋、流與把如何構成整體，並把款識與作者身份的證據分開。“宜興”“紫砂”“紅色炻器”“無釉”彼此有關，卻不是可以互換的標籤。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>本文是本站\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fzh\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fchinese-teaware-clay-glaze-form\">中國茶器\u003C\u002Fa>、\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fzh\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Futensils-and-gongfu-method\">工夫茶\u003C\u002Fa>與\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fzh\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Forigins-history-of-tea-culture\">中國茶文化史\u003C\u002Fa>導讀的延伸，重點在於觀看、著錄和比較。它不能僅憑照片鑑定一把壺，也不能保證未經檢測的現代器物適合接觸食品與熱水。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>先看博物館採用的材質名稱\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>宜興既是產地，也是器物類別\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>宜興位於江蘇，是重要的陶業中心。博物館通常把相關器物著錄為炻器或陶器，也可能加上“宜興窯”“紫砂”或具體顏色。紐約大都會藝術博物館的目錄可見紅色、褐色與帶斑點的炻器；大英博物館則既使用淺褐色“紫砂”的描述，也收藏外包錫層的宜興炻器。“紫砂”之名因此不等於每件器物在視覺上都是紫色。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>宜興器也並非全是素面無釉茶壺。博物館收藏中還能見到施釉器、彩繪壺、文房器以及其他器形。應針對具體器物閱讀“材質”一欄，而不要把一種熟悉外觀當成普遍定義。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>茶壺為何重要\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>適應葉茶沖泡的器物\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>大都會藝術博物館的說明措辭審慎：茶壺的發明“常被歸功於”十六世紀的宜興陶工，而酒注可能被改造成適合泡飲葉茶、而非點飲末茶的器物。這些限定語不能省略。它們是博物館目錄中的歷史解釋，並不意味著每一件小型陶壺都可歸給某位發明者或某個確切年份。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>館藏中那件十七世紀初、歸為時大彬所作的梅花形壺，為觀察這種轉變提供了可靠物件。它的年代、材質、尺寸與“歸為”這一鑑定層級必須一起理解；不能把梅花造型從完整記錄中抽離，再用它來斷定任何相似現代壺的年代。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>把壺身、蓋、流與把視為一個系統\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>先看輪廓，再看裝飾\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>先辨壺身：圓、扁、筒、方、筋紋，還是塑成自然形。再觀察壺流的高度與方向、壺把的角度與握持空間、壺口大小，以及壺蓋與蓋座如何銜接。若目錄提供資料，應同時記錄通高、流至把的總寬與底徑。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>蓋口貼合可能有助於穩定出水，但單張照片無法說明是否漏水、出水速度或受熱表現。同樣，外形規整本身也不能證明輪制、全手工成形、模具輔助或某一工坊製作；這些問題需要結合工具痕跡、接縫、內壁影像與技術檢測。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch3>儲存狀況會改變我們看到的器形\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>壺蓋、把與流都容易受損。後配蓋可以合口，卻不一定是原件；修補後的壺流也可能改變輪廓與重心。大英博物館收藏的一件包錫宜興壺還說明，金屬層既可能覆蓋炻器胎體，玉石也可以被製成把、流與鈕。先描述眼前所見，再判斷它是否是一件未經改動的全陶器。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Cfigure>\u003Cimg src=\"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fpages\u002FIgq0etXQOCDDv7pptAWd.webp\" alt=\"概念俯拍照片：三件虛構的茶壺研究模型，分別為紅色、深色筋紋與包錫式炻器，旁有灰階尺、卡尺、空白卡片和手套\">\u003Cfigcaption>由 AI 生成的概念性博物館研究場景，器物與不可辨讀的款識均屬虛構，僅用於說明輪廓、配件和表面的比較，不記錄真實宜興壺或文物保護流程。\u003C\u002Ffigcaption>\u003C\u002Ffigure>\n\n\u003Ch2>表面與顏色是線索，不是配方\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>紅、褐、淺褐，以及經過處理的表面\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>藏品目錄中的顏色通常是描述性的：紅色炻器、褐色炻器、淺褐色紫砂與帶斑點的褐色炻器都能見到。光線、燒成、顆粒、磨損、表面塗層和攝影都會影響視覺效果。銷售文字中的一個顏色詞，不能確定泥料的精確來源、地質配方或年代。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>表面處理也並不單一。浮雕、刻劃、化妝土、彩繪和金屬包覆都出現在博物館記錄中。臺北故宮博物院收藏的宜興胎畫琺琅壺尤其能提醒我們：宜興胎體不一定以素面單色泥質呈現。著錄時應分別記錄胎、釉彩或塗層，以及金屬或玉石配件。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>款識、銘文與具名作者\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>款識是附著於具體器物的身份主張\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>壺底可能有印款，蓋內可能有章記，壺身也可能刻詩或留下另一位書寫者的署名。大英博物館那件筒形宜興壺記錄了子冶的銘文，並在研究說明中把楊友蘭列為制壺者。區分制壺、書寫和鐫刻等角色，比把出現的每個名字都籠統稱為“作者”更有意義。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>作者歸屬仍須比較證據。美國國立亞洲藝術博物館把一件清代宜興壺著錄為帶有陳公志偽款。名家的印款可能是後加、仿刻或有意誤導；只有當書體、位置、泥胎、製作工藝、可靠流傳記錄與可比的標準器相互吻合時，姓名才具有歷史證明力。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch3>保留博物館的限定語\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>“歸為某人所作”“署款”“有印”“某人題銘”和“偽款”回答的是不同問題。翻譯藏品記錄時應保留這些動詞和判斷層級，不能把“有款”提升為“某人制作”，也不能把目錄給出的年代範圍改寫成確切製作日期。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>宜興壺走出中國以後\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>外銷、加裝配件與模仿\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>宜興壺曾遠行海外。有些器物加裝了金屬和硬石配件，也有歐洲工坊以中國紅色陶器為範本。大都會藝術博物館收藏的一件荷蘭茶壺出自阿里·德·米爾德工坊，記錄了十七世紀末至十八世紀初歐洲對中國紅陶的需求以及代爾夫特仿製品的出現。造型相似可以說明接受與傳播，卻不能證明一件歐洲壺就是宜興器。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\u003Cp>應先核對製作地點、胎體材質與作者，再談視覺相似。這一順序既能把器物放回貿易與仿製史，也不會抹去它實際的產地。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>觀察博物館茶壺的六步法\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Ch3>從基本身份走向作者歸屬\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Col>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>固定記錄。\u003C\u002Fstrong>記下收藏機構、藏品編號、名稱、年代範圍、尺寸與查閱日期。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>讀材質欄。\u003C\u002Fstrong>分別辨認炻器胎、釉、化妝土、彩繪、金屬包件與硬石配件。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>追蹤器形。\u003C\u002Fstrong>比較壺身、口、蓋、鈕、流、把、足及各部分比例。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>檢查儲存狀況。\u003C\u002Fstrong>留意缺失或後配的蓋、修補的流、磨損的口沿和後加配件。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>定位每處款識。\u003C\u002Fstrong>按位置、製作方式、文字與所主張的角色記錄印章和銘文。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Cstrong>謹慎比較。\u003C\u002Fstrong>使用著錄可靠的標準器、流傳記錄與技術證據，並保留機構給出的所有限定。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Fol>\n\n\u003Ch3>把博物館研究與現代泡茶分開\u003C\u002Fh3>\n\u003Cp>不要用古董或博物館藏品泡茶。使用現代壺時，應向可靠製作者或銷售方瞭解材質，並遵循現行的食品接觸與養護建議。單憑顏色、敲擊聲、孔隙形態或吸水測試來證明“真紫砂”，不能取代來源記錄或實驗室分析。若要比較茶湯風味，請使用相同的\u003Ca href=\"\u002Fzh\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony\u002Fwater-for-chinese-tea\">水\u003C\u002Fa>、茶葉、溫度與時間，並把結果表述為個人品飲感受，而不是健康功效。\u003C\u002Fp>\n\n\u003Ch2>參考資料與藏品記錄\u003C\u002Fh2>\n\u003Cul>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.metmuseum.org\u002Fart\u002Fcollection\u002Fsearch\u002F42323\">紐約大都會藝術博物館：歸為時大彬所作梅花形壺\u003C\u002Fa>。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.britishmuseum.org\u002Fcollection\u002Fobject\u002FA_Franks-2450\">大英博物館：筒形銘文宜興壺，Franks.2450\u003C\u002Fa>。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.britishmuseum.org\u002Fcollection\u002Fobject\u002FA_1888-0913-18\">大英博物館：包錫並配玉石部件的宜興壺\u003C\u002Fa>。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fasia.si.edu\u002Fexplore-art-culture\u002Fcollections\u002Fsearch\u002Fedanmdm%3Afsg_F1939.66a-b\u002F\">美國國立亞洲藝術博物館：帶陳公志偽款的宜興壺\u003C\u002Fa>。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fdigitalarchive.npm.gov.tw\u002FCollection\u002FDetail\u002F24155?dep=U\">臺北故宮博物院：宜興胎畫琺琅提梁壺\u003C\u002Fa>。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.metmuseum.org\u002Fart\u002Fcollection\u002Fsearch\u002F671534\">紐約大都會藝術博物館：仿宜興器製作的荷蘭紅陶茶壺\u003C\u002Fa>。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003Cli>\u003Ca href=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.roots.gov.sg\u002FCollection-Landing\u002Flisting\u002F1096753\">亞洲文明博物館：宜興炻器畫彩茶壺\u003C\u002Fa>。\u003C\u002Fli>\n\u003C\u002Ful>","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fpages\u002F4l0kRrZzISAS9DOgWIvi.webp",1672,941,{"en":1202,"zh":1203},"Conceptual photograph of a fictional unglazed reddish-brown stoneware teapot with its lid beside it on a warm wooden tea table","概念照片：暖色木質茶桌上擺著一把虛構的紅褐色無釉炻器壺，壺蓋置於一旁",{"caption":1205,"creator":1206,"source_url":3,"license_label":1207,"license_url":3,"changes":1208},"由 AI 生成的虛構茶壺概念照片；不描繪或復原任何真實歷史宜興器、具名作者或博物館藏品。","OpenAI","AI-generated conceptual image","作為原創概念照片生成，不作紀實或作者歸屬主張。",{"en":1202,"zh":1203},"banner","list",{"en":1213,"zh":607},"Yixing Teapots: Clay, Form and Maker’s Marks",{"en":1215,"zh":1216},"Learn how museums read Yixing teapots through stoneware, form, lid, spout, handle, inscriptions and provenance—and why colour or a seal alone proves little.","從炻器材質、壺形、蓋、流、把、款識與流傳記錄讀懂宜興紫砂壺，並理解顏色或印款為何不能單獨證明泥料與作者。",[],{"data":1219},[1220,1296,1397,1488],{"id":1221,"slug":1222,"available_locales":1223,"path":1224,"title":1225,"venue":1228,"hero_image_url":3,"card_image_url":1231,"card_landscape_url":1232,"lifecycle":1233,"session_mode":1234,"sessions":1235,"next_session":1295},15601,"liu-yao-beginner-course",[908,909,910],"\u002Fevents\u002Fi-ching-learning\u002Fliu-yao-beginner-course",{"en":1226,"zh":1227},"Liu Yao Beginner Course","六爻初級課",{"en":1229,"zh":1230},"Singapore","新加坡","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FQzqp0uXPJyVi3CvdDM1S.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002Fvariants\u002FQzqp0uXPJyVi3CvdDM1S-16x9.webp","upcoming","choose_one",[1236,1255,1268,1281],{"status":1237,"date_slug":1238,"time_label":1239,"timezone_abbr":1240,"date_label":1241,"date_label_fr":1242,"date_short_fr":1243,"date_only_fr":1244,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1245,"date_label_zh":1246,"date_short":1247,"date_short_zh":1248,"date_only":1249,"date_only_zh":1250,"is_multi_day":1169,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":38,"month_short":1251,"month_long":1252,"month_num":1061,"year":1253,"weekday_short":1254,"weekday_index":935},"scheduled","2026-11-01","9:00am–5:00pm","SGT","Sunday, 1 November 2026","dimanche 1 novembre 2026","dim. 1 nov.","1 nov. 2026","09:00–17:00","2026年11月1日 星期日","Sun 1 Nov","11月1日 週日","1 Nov 2026","2026年11月1日","Nov","November",2026,"Sun",{"status":1237,"date_slug":1256,"time_label":1239,"timezone_abbr":1240,"date_label":1257,"date_label_fr":1258,"date_short_fr":1259,"date_only_fr":1260,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1245,"date_label_zh":1261,"date_short":1262,"date_short_zh":1263,"date_only":1264,"date_only_zh":1265,"is_multi_day":1169,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":1266,"month_short":1251,"month_long":1252,"month_num":1061,"year":1253,"weekday_short":1267,"weekday_index":60},"2026-11-21","Saturday, 21 November 2026","samedi 21 novembre 2026","sam. 21 nov.","21 nov. 2026","2026年11月21日 星期六","Sat 21 Nov","11月21日 週六","21 Nov 2026","2026年11月21日",21,"Sat",{"status":1237,"date_slug":1269,"time_label":1239,"timezone_abbr":1240,"date_label":1270,"date_label_fr":1271,"date_short_fr":1272,"date_only_fr":1273,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1245,"date_label_zh":1274,"date_short":1275,"date_short_zh":1276,"date_only":1277,"date_only_zh":1278,"is_multi_day":1169,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":147,"month_short":1279,"month_long":1280,"month_num":147,"year":1253,"weekday_short":1267,"weekday_index":60},"2026-12-12","Saturday, 12 December 2026","samedi 12 décembre 2026","sam. 12 déc.","12 déc. 2026","2026年12月12日 星期六","Sat 12 Dec","12月12日 週六","12 Dec 2026","2026年12月12日","Dec","December",{"status":1237,"date_slug":1282,"time_label":1239,"timezone_abbr":1240,"date_label":1283,"date_label_fr":1284,"date_short_fr":1285,"date_only_fr":1286,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1245,"date_label_zh":1287,"date_short":1288,"date_short_zh":1289,"date_only":1290,"date_only_zh":1291,"is_multi_day":1169,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":137,"month_short":1292,"month_long":1293,"month_num":38,"year":1294,"weekday_short":1254,"weekday_index":935},"2027-01-17","Sunday, 17 January 2027","dimanche 17 janvier 2027","dim. 17 janv.","17 janv. 2027","2027年1月17日 星期日","Sun 17 Jan","1月17日 週日","17 Jan 2027","2027年1月17日","Jan","January",2027,{"status":1237,"date_slug":1238,"time_label":1239,"timezone_abbr":1240,"date_label":1241,"date_label_fr":1242,"date_short_fr":1243,"date_only_fr":1244,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1245,"date_label_zh":1246,"date_short":1247,"date_short_zh":1248,"date_only":1249,"date_only_zh":1250,"is_multi_day":1169,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":38,"month_short":1251,"month_long":1252,"month_num":1061,"year":1253,"weekday_short":1254,"weekday_index":935},{"id":1297,"slug":1298,"available_locales":1299,"path":1300,"title":1301,"venue":1304,"hero_image_url":1305,"card_image_url":1305,"card_landscape_url":1306,"lifecycle":1233,"session_mode":1234,"sessions":1307,"next_session":1396},78700,"baduanjin-workshop-september",[908,909,910],"\u002Fevents\u002Finternal-arts-wellness\u002Fbaduanjin-workshop-september",{"en":1302,"zh":1303},"Baduanjin Workshop — November 2026 Sessions","古法八段錦 · 2026年11月班",{"en":1229,"zh":1230},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FWU46jadRUq4I84xPdaTQ.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002Fvariants\u002FCQB6xxmg8kF7eqWPQgAl-16x9.webp",[1308,1325,1337,1350,1361,1362,1373,1384],{"status":1309,"date_slug":1310,"time_label":1311,"timezone_abbr":1240,"date_label":1312,"date_label_fr":1313,"date_short_fr":1314,"date_only_fr":1315,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1316,"date_label_zh":1317,"date_short":1318,"date_short_zh":1319,"date_only":1320,"date_only_zh":1321,"is_multi_day":1169,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":1322,"month_short":1323,"month_long":1324,"month_num":16,"year":1253,"weekday_short":1254,"weekday_index":935},"completed","2026-09-13","10:00am–12:00pm","Sunday, 13 September 2026","dimanche 13 septembre 2026","dim. 13 sept.","13 sept. 2026","10:00–12:00","2026年9月13日 星期日","Sun 13 Sep","9月13日 週日","13 Sep 2026","2026年9月13日",13,"Sep","September",{"status":1309,"date_slug":1326,"time_label":1311,"timezone_abbr":1240,"date_label":1327,"date_label_fr":1328,"date_short_fr":1329,"date_only_fr":1330,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1316,"date_label_zh":1331,"date_short":1332,"date_short_zh":1333,"date_only":1334,"date_only_zh":1335,"is_multi_day":1169,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":1336,"month_short":1323,"month_long":1324,"month_num":16,"year":1253,"weekday_short":1254,"weekday_index":935},"2026-09-27","Sunday, 27 September 2026","dimanche 27 septembre 2026","dim. 27 sept.","27 sept. 2026","2026年9月27日 星期日","Sun 27 Sep","9月27日 週日","27 Sep 2026","2026年9月27日",27,{"status":1309,"date_slug":1338,"time_label":1311,"timezone_abbr":1240,"date_label":1339,"date_label_fr":1340,"date_short_fr":1341,"date_only_fr":1342,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1316,"date_label_zh":1343,"date_short":1344,"date_short_zh":1345,"date_only":1346,"date_only_zh":1347,"is_multi_day":1169,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":247,"month_short":1348,"month_long":1349,"month_num":964,"year":1253,"weekday_short":1254,"weekday_index":935},"2026-10-04","Sunday, 4 October 2026","dimanche 4 octobre 2026","dim. 4 oct.","4 oct. 2026","2026年10月4日 星期日","Sun 4 Oct","10月4日 週日","4 Oct 2026","2026年10月4日","Oct","October",{"status":1309,"date_slug":1351,"time_label":1311,"timezone_abbr":1240,"date_label":1352,"date_label_fr":1353,"date_short_fr":1354,"date_only_fr":1355,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1316,"date_label_zh":1356,"date_short":1357,"date_short_zh":1358,"date_only":1359,"date_only_zh":1360,"is_multi_day":1169,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":1061,"month_short":1348,"month_long":1349,"month_num":964,"year":1253,"weekday_short":1254,"weekday_index":935},"2026-10-11","Sunday, 11 October 2026","dimanche 11 octobre 2026","dim. 11 oct.","11 oct. 2026","2026年10月11日 星期日","Sun 11 Oct","10月11日 週日","11 Oct 2026","2026年10月11日",{"status":1237,"date_slug":1238,"time_label":1311,"timezone_abbr":1240,"date_label":1241,"date_label_fr":1242,"date_short_fr":1243,"date_only_fr":1244,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1316,"date_label_zh":1246,"date_short":1247,"date_short_zh":1248,"date_only":1249,"date_only_zh":1250,"is_multi_day":1169,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":38,"month_short":1251,"month_long":1252,"month_num":1061,"year":1253,"weekday_short":1254,"weekday_index":935},{"status":1237,"date_slug":1363,"time_label":1311,"timezone_abbr":1240,"date_label":1364,"date_label_fr":1365,"date_short_fr":1366,"date_only_fr":1367,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1316,"date_label_zh":1368,"date_short":1369,"date_short_zh":1370,"date_only":1371,"date_only_zh":1372,"is_multi_day":1169,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":212,"month_short":1251,"month_long":1252,"month_num":1061,"year":1253,"weekday_short":1254,"weekday_index":935},"2026-11-08","Sunday, 8 November 2026","dimanche 8 novembre 2026","dim. 8 nov.","8 nov. 2026","2026年11月8日 星期日","Sun 8 Nov","11月8日 週日","8 Nov 2026","2026年11月8日",{"status":1237,"date_slug":1374,"time_label":1311,"timezone_abbr":1240,"date_label":1375,"date_label_fr":1376,"date_short_fr":1377,"date_only_fr":1378,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1316,"date_label_zh":1379,"date_short":1380,"date_short_zh":1381,"date_only":1382,"date_only_zh":1383,"is_multi_day":1169,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":152,"month_short":1251,"month_long":1252,"month_num":1061,"year":1253,"weekday_short":1254,"weekday_index":935},"2026-11-15","Sunday, 15 November 2026","dimanche 15 novembre 2026","dim. 15 nov.","15 nov. 2026","2026年11月15日 星期日","Sun 15 Nov","11月15日 週日","15 Nov 2026","2026年11月15日",{"status":1237,"date_slug":1385,"time_label":1311,"timezone_abbr":1240,"date_label":1386,"date_label_fr":1387,"date_short_fr":1388,"date_only_fr":1389,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1316,"date_label_zh":1390,"date_short":1391,"date_short_zh":1392,"date_only":1393,"date_only_zh":1394,"is_multi_day":1169,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":1395,"month_short":1251,"month_long":1252,"month_num":1061,"year":1253,"weekday_short":1254,"weekday_index":935},"2026-11-22","Sunday, 22 November 2026","dimanche 22 novembre 2026","dim. 22 nov.","22 nov. 2026","2026年11月22日 星期日","Sun 22 Nov","11月22日 週日","22 Nov 2026","2026年11月22日",22,{"status":1237,"date_slug":1238,"time_label":1311,"timezone_abbr":1240,"date_label":1241,"date_label_fr":1242,"date_short_fr":1243,"date_only_fr":1244,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":1316,"date_label_zh":1246,"date_short":1247,"date_short_zh":1248,"date_only":1249,"date_only_zh":1250,"is_multi_day":1169,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":38,"month_short":1251,"month_long":1252,"month_num":1061,"year":1253,"weekday_short":1254,"weekday_index":935},{"id":1398,"slug":1399,"available_locales":1400,"path":1401,"title":1402,"venue":1405,"hero_image_url":3,"card_image_url":1406,"card_landscape_url":1407,"lifecycle":1233,"session_mode":1234,"sessions":1408,"next_session":1487},11823,"i-ching-beginner-course-singapore",[908,909],"\u002Fevents\u002Fi-ching-learning\u002Fi-ching-beginner-course-singapore",{"en":1403,"zh":1404},"I Ching Beginner Course in 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