[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"site-nav-reference-en":3,"site-nav-zh":4,"site-nav-zh-all-daoism":289,"event-categories-zh":498,"site-settings":741,"node-zh-daoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals":783,"live-course-events":1013},null,{"data":5},{"header":6,"footer":264},[7,51,82,123,161,187,229,260],{"to":8,"label":9,"label_zh":10,"children":11},"\u002Fdao","TAO","道",[12,17,22,26,30,34,39,43,47],{"to":13,"label":14,"label_zh":15,"n":16},"\u002Fdao\u002Fintroduction","Begin with the Tao","道學入門",9,{"to":18,"label":19,"label_zh":20,"n":21},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing","I Ching","易經",7,{"to":23,"label":24,"label_zh":25,"n":16},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing","Tao Te Ching","道德經",{"to":27,"label":28,"label_zh":29,"n":21},"\u002Fdao\u002Ftaiji","Taiji","太極",{"to":31,"label":32,"label_zh":33,"n":21},"\u002Fdao\u002Fzhuang-zi","Zhuangzi","莊子",{"to":35,"label":36,"label_zh":37,"n":38},"\u002Fdao\u002Fclassics","Classical Library","道家經典文庫",1,{"to":40,"label":41,"label_zh":42},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdaoist-philosophy","Taoist Philosophy","道家哲學",{"to":44,"label":45,"label_zh":46},"\u002Fdao\u002Fwu-wei-natural-living","Wu Wei & Natural Living","無為與自然生活",{"to":48,"label":49,"label_zh":50},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdaoist-view-of-life","A Taoist View of Life","道家人生觀",{"to":52,"label":53,"label_zh":54,"children":55},"\u002Fmartial-arts","Martial Arts","武當武術",[56,61,65,70,74,78],{"to":57,"label":58,"label_zh":59,"n":60},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ffoundations-internal-arts","Foundations of Internal Martial Arts","內家拳基礎",6,{"to":62,"label":63,"label_zh":64,"n":21},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ftaijiquan","Taijiquan (Tai Chi)","太極拳",{"to":66,"label":67,"label_zh":68,"n":69},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fbaguazhang","Baguazhang: Circle Walking, Palm Changes and Movement","八卦掌：走圈、換掌與身法變化",5,{"to":71,"label":72,"label_zh":73,"n":69},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fxingyiquan","Xingyiquan: Structure, Intention and Direct Training","形意拳：結構、意念與直接訓練",{"to":75,"label":76,"label_zh":77,"n":21},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fweapons","Wudang Sword and Weapons: History, Practice and Context","武當劍與兵器：歷史、練習與文化語境",{"to":79,"label":80,"label_zh":81,"n":21},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ftraining-practice","Training and Practice: Building a Sustainable Wudang Routine","訓練與習練：建立可持續的武當練習",{"to":83,"label":84,"label_zh":85,"children":86},"\u002Fwellness","Wellness","養生",[87,91,95,99,103,107,111,115,119],{"to":88,"label":89,"label_zh":90,"n":21},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fqigong","Qigong","氣功",{"to":92,"label":93,"label_zh":94,"n":60},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fherbal-healing","Chinese Herbal Medicine","中藥與本草",{"to":96,"label":97,"label_zh":98,"n":60},"\u002Fwellness\u002Ftaoist-medicine","Taoist Medicine","道家醫學",{"to":100,"label":101,"label_zh":102,"n":60},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fenergy-sound-healing","Sound & Energy Practices","聲音與能量練習",{"to":104,"label":105,"label_zh":106},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fstanding-practice","Standing Practice","站樁",{"to":108,"label":109,"label_zh":110},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fwudang-internal-cultivation","Wudang Internal Cultivation","武當內修",{"to":112,"label":113,"label_zh":114},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fmoxibustion","Moxibustion","艾灸",{"to":116,"label":117,"label_zh":118},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fbigu","Bigu","辟穀",{"to":120,"label":121,"label_zh":122,"n":38},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fbaduanjin","Baduanjin (Eight Brocades)","八段錦",{"to":124,"label":125,"label_zh":126,"children":127},"\u002Farts","Literati Arts","文人雅藝",[128,133,138,143,148,153,157],{"to":129,"label":130,"label_zh":131,"n":132},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature","Chinese Poetry and Literature: Forms, Contexts and Reading Paths","中國詩詞與文學：體式、語境與閱讀路徑",53,{"to":134,"label":135,"label_zh":136,"n":137},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy","Chinese Calligraphy: Scripts, Materials and Ways of Looking","中國書法：書體、材料與觀賞入門",17,{"to":139,"label":140,"label_zh":141,"n":142},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony","Chinese Tea Culture","中國茶文化",39,{"to":144,"label":145,"label_zh":146,"n":147},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin","Guqin: Sound, History and Ways to Listen","古琴：認識聲音、歷史與聆聽方法",12,{"to":149,"label":150,"label_zh":151,"n":152},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting","Chinese Painting: Materials, Formats and Ways of Looking","中國繪畫：材料、形制與觀看方法",15,{"to":154,"label":155,"label_zh":156,"n":16},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense","Chinese Incense Culture","中國香文化",{"to":158,"label":159,"label_zh":160,"n":21},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement","Chinese Flower Arrangement: History, Materials and Ways of Looking","中國插花：歷史、花材與觀看方法",{"to":162,"label":163,"label_zh":164,"children":165},"\u002Fdaoism","Taoist Culture","道教文化",[166,170,174,178,183],{"to":167,"label":168,"label_zh":169,"n":16},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-deities-pantheon","Taoist Deities and the Chinese Pantheon: A Structural Guide","道教神仙與神明體系：結構與層級指南",{"to":171,"label":172,"label_zh":173,"n":21},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-temples-sacred-mountains","Taoist Temples and Sacred Mountains: A Guide to Places and Architecture","道教名山與宮觀：聖地、建築與制度指南",{"to":175,"label":176,"label_zh":177,"n":21},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-schools-lineages","Taoist Schools and Lineages: Zhengyi, Quanzhen and Historical Traditions","道教流派與傳承：正一、全真及歷史道派",{"to":179,"label":180,"label_zh":181,"n":182},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals","Taoist Festivals and Rituals: Calendars, Offerings and Community Rites","道教節日與科儀：神誕、齋醮與歲時儀式",19,{"to":184,"label":185,"label_zh":186,"n":60},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Feight-immortals","The Eight Immortals: Origins, Symbols and Taoist Legends","八仙：人物、象徵與道教傳說",{"to":188,"label":189,"label_zh":190,"children":191},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics","Chinese Metaphysics","易學與傳統術數",[192,196,200,204,208,213,217,221,225],{"to":193,"label":194,"label_zh":195,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fyin-yang-five-elements","Yin-Yang and the Five Phases in Chinese Thought","陰陽五行：理解關係與變化",{"to":197,"label":198,"label_zh":199,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fganzhi-stems-branches","Chinese Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches (Ganzhi)","天干地支（干支）：中國曆法與術數的六十循環",{"to":201,"label":202,"label_zh":203,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Ffeng-shui","Chinese Feng Shui: Landscape, Compass Methods and Responsible Practice","中國風水：形勢、羅盤方法與負責任實踐",{"to":205,"label":206,"label_zh":207,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fbazi-four-pillars","BaZi (Four Pillars of Destiny): How the Eight Characters Work","八字四柱命理：八個字如何構成命盤",{"to":209,"label":210,"label_zh":211,"n":212},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fzi-wei-dou-shu","Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology): How the Twelve-Palace Chart Works","紫微斗數：十二宮命盤如何運作",8,{"to":214,"label":215,"label_zh":216,"n":212},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fdate-selection","Chinese Date Selection: How Auspicious Days Are Chosen","中國擇吉：傳統吉日如何選擇",{"to":218,"label":219,"label_zh":220,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fphysiognomy","Chinese Physiognomy: Face Reading, Palm Reading and Their Limits","中國相術：面相、手相及其侷限",{"to":222,"label":223,"label_zh":224,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fdivination-arts","Chinese Divination Arts: Methods, History and Responsible Use","中國占卜術：方法、歷史與負責任使用",{"to":226,"label":227,"label_zh":228,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fluoshu-hetu","The Hetu, Luoshu and Nine Palaces in Chinese Cosmology","河圖、洛書與九宮：中國傳統圖式的歷史與用途",{"to":230,"label":231,"label_zh":232,"children":233},"\u002Fwudang-mountain","Experience Wudang","武當之旅",[234,238,243,248,252,256],{"to":235,"label":236,"label_zh":237,"n":21},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fintroduction","Introduction to Wudang Mountain","初識武當山",{"to":239,"label":240,"label_zh":241,"n":242},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Ftemples-and-sites","Wudang Mountain Temples and Sacred Sites","武當山宮觀與勝蹟",3,{"to":244,"label":245,"label_zh":246,"n":247},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fplanning-a-visit","Planning a Visit to Wudang Mountain","武當山行前規劃指南",4,{"to":249,"label":250,"label_zh":251,"n":242},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fstudying-at-wudang","Studying Martial Arts at Wudang Mountain","在武當山學習武術",{"to":253,"label":254,"label_zh":255,"n":242},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Ftemple-etiquette","Wudang Temple Etiquette: A Visitor’s Guide","武當宮觀參訪禮儀",{"to":257,"label":258,"label_zh":259,"n":69},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fpractical-reference","Wudang Mountain Practical Reference","武當山實用參考資料",{"to":261,"label":262,"label_zh":263},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Feveryday-wudang","Everyday Wudang","武當日常",[265,266,267,268,269,270,271,272,273,277,281,285],{"to":8,"label":9,"label_zh":10},{"to":52,"label":53,"label_zh":54},{"to":83,"label":84,"label_zh":85},{"to":124,"label":125,"label_zh":126},{"to":162,"label":163,"label_zh":164},{"to":188,"label":189,"label_zh":190},{"to":230,"label":231,"label_zh":232},{"to":261,"label":262,"label_zh":263},{"to":274,"label":275,"label_zh":276},"\u002Fabout","About Wudang.Org","關於 Wudang.Org",{"to":278,"label":279,"label_zh":280},"\u002Fstart-here","Start Here","從這裡開始",{"to":282,"label":283,"label_zh":284},"\u002Ffind-a-practice","Find a Practice","找到適合你的修習",{"to":286,"label":287,"label_zh":288},"\u002Fteachers","Our Teachers","授課老師",{"data":290},{"all":291,"header":496,"footer":497},[292],{"to":162,"label":163,"label_zh":164,"children":293},[294,332,362,392,470],{"to":167,"label":168,"label_zh":169,"children":295},[296,300,304,308,312,316,320,324,328],{"to":297,"label":298,"label_zh":299},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-deities-pantheon\u002Fthree-pure-ones","The Three Pure Ones: Highest Deities of the Taoist Pantheon","道教三清：神明體系中的最高尊神",{"to":301,"label":302,"label_zh":303},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-deities-pantheon\u002Fjade-emperor","The Jade Emperor in Taoism: Ruler of the Celestial Bureaucracy","道教玉皇大帝：天庭官府的治理者",{"to":305,"label":306,"label_zh":307},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-deities-pantheon\u002Forigins-of-pantheon","How the Taoist Pantheon Developed: Origins of Its Gods","道教神明體系如何形成：諸神的不同來源",{"to":309,"label":310,"label_zh":311},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-deities-pantheon\u002Fcelestial-bureaucracy","Taoist Immortals and the Celestial Bureaucracy: Shen and Xian","道教神明、仙真與天庭官府：神和仙有什麼不同",{"to":313,"label":314,"label_zh":315},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-deities-pantheon\u002Fguan-yu-mazu-popular-deities","Guan Yu, Mazu and Popular Chinese Deities: How Humans Become Gods","關羽、媽祖與民間神祇：人如何成為神",{"to":317,"label":318,"label_zh":319},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-deities-pantheon\u002Fdeities-of-wudang-mountain","Deities of Wudang Mountain: Zhenwu and His Sacred Court","武當山神明：真武大帝與他的神聖侍從",{"to":321,"label":322,"label_zh":323},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-deities-pantheon\u002Fworship-temples-offerings","Taoist Temple Worship: Incense, Offerings, Vows and Donations","道教宮觀祭祀：上香、供養、許願與捐獻",{"to":325,"label":326,"label_zh":327},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-deities-pantheon\u002Fnorthern-dipper-stars-images-ritual-maps","The Northern Dipper in Daoist Culture: Stars, Images and Ritual Maps","道教文化中的北斗：星象、影像與儀式圖式",{"to":329,"label":330,"label_zh":331},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-deities-pantheon\u002Fthree-officials-sanguan-heaven-earth-water-three-yuan","The Three Officials in Daoism: Heaven, Earth, Water and the Three Yuan","道教三官大帝：天、地、水與三元節期",{"to":171,"label":172,"label_zh":173,"children":333},[334,338,342,346,350,354,358],{"to":335,"label":336,"label_zh":337},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-temples-sacred-mountains\u002Fwudang-mountain","Wudang Mountain in Taoism: Zhenwu, the Ming Court and Sacred Status","道教中的武當山：真武信仰、明廷與聖地地位",{"to":339,"label":340,"label_zh":341},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-temples-sacred-mountains\u002Fmount-longhu","Mount Longhu and the Celestial Masters: Centre of Zhengyi Taoism","龍虎山與天師道：正一道的制度中心",{"to":343,"label":344,"label_zh":345},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-temples-sacred-mountains\u002Fmount-qingcheng","Mount Qingcheng: How Organised Taoism Took Institutional Form","青城山：有組織道教如何形成制度",{"to":347,"label":348,"label_zh":349},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-temples-sacred-mountains\u002Fmount-tai","Mount Tai: China’s Foremost State Sacred Mountain","泰山：中國最重要的國家祭祀名山",{"to":351,"label":352,"label_zh":353},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-temples-sacred-mountains\u002Fwhite-cloud-temple-beijing","White Cloud Temple in Beijing: Quanzhen Taoism’s Urban Monastery","北京白雲觀：全真道的城市宮觀",{"to":355,"label":356,"label_zh":357},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-temples-sacred-mountains\u002Ftemple-architecture-sacred-geometry","How to Read Taoist Temple Architecture and Sacred Space","如何讀懂道教宮觀建築與神聖空間",{"to":359,"label":360,"label_zh":361},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-temples-sacred-mountains\u002Fpilgrimage-temple-etiquette","Taoist Pilgrimage and Temple Etiquette: A Practical Guide","道教朝山進香與宮觀禮儀：實用指南",{"to":175,"label":176,"label_zh":177,"children":363},[364,368,372,376,380,384,388],{"to":365,"label":366,"label_zh":367},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-schools-lineages\u002Fcelestial-masters-zhengyi","Zhengyi Taoism and the Celestial Masters: Householder Priests and Ritual Authority","正一道與天師道：在家道士和科儀權威",{"to":369,"label":370,"label_zh":371},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-schools-lineages\u002Fcomplete-perfection-quanzhen","Quanzhen Taoism: Monastic Life, Inner Cultivation and Wudang","全真道：出家生活、內在修煉與武當",{"to":373,"label":374,"label_zh":375},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-schools-lineages\u002Fshangqing-school","Shangqing Taoism: Highest Clarity Revelations and Inner Visualisation","上清道：最高明啟、存思與身體內的神明",{"to":377,"label":378,"label_zh":379},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-schools-lineages\u002Flingbao-tradition","Lingbao Taoism: Numinous Treasure Scriptures and Communal Ritual","靈寶道：經典、普度與共同體科儀",{"to":381,"label":382,"label_zh":383},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-schools-lineages\u002Fwu-liu-school","The Wu-Liu School: A Clearer System of Taoist Internal Alchemy","伍柳派：較為清晰的道教內丹體系",{"to":385,"label":386,"label_zh":387},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-schools-lineages\u002Fmonastic-vs-householder-priesthood","Quanzhen Monastics and Zhengyi Householder Priests: What Is the Difference?","全真出家道士與正一在家道士有什麼不同",{"to":389,"label":390,"label_zh":391},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-schools-lineages\u002Fmodern-transmission-ordination","Taoist Ordination and Lineage Today: How Transmission Is Verified","今日道教傳承與授籙傳戒：如何核實師承",{"to":179,"label":180,"label_zh":181,"children":393},[394,398,402,406,410,414,418,422,426,430,434,438,442,446,450,454,458,462,466],{"to":395,"label":396,"label_zh":397},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fjade-emperor-birthday","The Jade Emperor’s Birthday and Festivals of the Heavenly Court","玉皇誕：正月初九的意義與宮觀儀式",{"to":399,"label":400,"label_zh":401},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fzhongyuan-ghost-festival","Zhongyuan Festival: Ghost Festival, the Earth Official and Universal Salvation","中元節：七月十五、地官赦罪與普度",{"to":403,"label":404,"label_zh":405},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Flaozi-birthday","Laozi’s Birthday: From the Sage Laozi to the Divine Lord Lao","老君誕：從老子到太上老君",{"to":407,"label":408,"label_zh":409},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fdouble-ninth-festival","Double Ninth Festival: Chongyang, Longevity and Respect for Elders","重陽節：九月初九、長生觀念與敬老傳統",{"to":411,"label":412,"label_zh":413},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fjiao-offering-ritual","Jiao Rituals: Taoism’s Grand Community Offering","醮儀：道教大型共同體祭獻科儀",{"to":415,"label":416,"label_zh":417},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fzhai-purification-fasting","Zhai Rituals: Taoist Purification, Fasting and Preparation","齋儀：道教潔淨、持戒與祭前準備",{"to":419,"label":420,"label_zh":421},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Ftemple-fairs-pilgrimage","Taoist Temple Fairs and Seasonal Pilgrimage","道教廟會與朝山：宗教、集市與季節性朝聖",{"to":423,"label":424,"label_zh":425},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fdaoist-ritual-robes-garment-image-ceremony","Daoist Ritual Robes: Garment, Image and Ceremonial Role","道教法衣：衣式、影像與科儀身份",{"to":427,"label":428,"label_zh":429},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fdavid-vases-daoist-offering-blue-white-porcelain","The David Vases: A Daoist Offering and a Dated Porcelain Landmark","大維德對瓶：道觀供器與青花紀年座標",{"to":431,"label":432,"label_zh":433},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fdaoist-ritual-seals-impression-authority-documents","Daoist Ritual Seals: Impression, Authority and the Work of Documents","道教法印：印痕、權威與儀式文書",{"to":435,"label":436,"label_zh":437},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fdaoist-ritual-music-bells-drums-chant","Daoist Ritual Music: Bells, Drums, Chant and Ceremonial Time","道教科儀音樂：鍾鈴、鼓樂、經韻與儀式時間",{"to":439,"label":440,"label_zh":441},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fdaoist-lamp-rituals-light-cosmic-patterns-ceremonial-space","Daoist Lamp Rituals: Light, Cosmic Patterns and Ceremonial Space","道教燈儀：光明、星象秩序與科儀空間",{"to":443,"label":444,"label_zh":445},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fdaoist-talismans-script-ritual-action","Daoist Talismans: Script, Ritual Action and the Limits of Looking","道教符籙：書寫、科儀行動與觀看邊界",{"to":447,"label":448,"label_zh":449},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fdaoist-mirrors-reflection-cosmology-ritual-evidence","Daoist Mirrors: Reflection, Cosmology and Ritual Evidence","道教銅鏡：映照、宇宙圖式與科儀證據",{"to":451,"label":452,"label_zh":453},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fdaoist-petitions-memorials-celestial-administration","Daoist Petitions and Memorials: Writing to the Celestial Administration","道教章表：寫給天庭的儀式文書",{"to":455,"label":456,"label_zh":457},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fdaoist-registers-lu-rank-transmission-celestial-administration","Daoist Registers (Lu): Rank, Transmission and Celestial Administration","道教法籙：品秩、傳授與天曹體系",{"to":459,"label":460,"label_zh":461},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fdaoist-audience-tablets-hu-courtly-form-ritual-address","Daoist Audience Tablets (Hu): Courtly Form and Ritual Address","道教朝笏：朝儀形制與科儀奏達",{"to":463,"label":464,"label_zh":465},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fdaoist-crowns-headscarves-dress-rank-ritual-context","Daoist Crowns and Headscarves: Dress, Rank and Ritual Context","道教冠巾：衣制、職司與科儀語境",{"to":467,"label":468,"label_zh":469},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fdaoist-footwear-cloth-cloud-shoes-ritual-movement","Daoist Footwear: Cloth Shoes, Cloud Shoes and Ritual Movement","道教鞋履：布鞋、雲履與科儀步伐",{"to":184,"label":185,"label_zh":186,"children":471},[472,476,480,484,488,492],{"to":473,"label":474,"label_zh":475},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Feight-immortals\u002Flu-dongbin","Lü Dongbin: Scholar Immortal, Quanzhen Patriarch and Sword Bearer","呂洞賓：士人仙真、全真祖師與佩劍象徵",{"to":477,"label":478,"label_zh":479},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Feight-immortals\u002Fzhang-guolao","Zhang Guolao: Tang Recluse and Backward-Riding Immortal","張果老：唐代隱士與倒騎驢的仙人",{"to":481,"label":482,"label_zh":483},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Feight-immortals\u002Fhe-xiangu","He Xiangu: The Woman Immortal of the Eight","何仙姑：八仙中唯一的女性仙真",{"to":485,"label":486,"label_zh":487},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Feight-immortals\u002Fhan-xiangzi-lan-caihe","Han Xiangzi and Lan Caihe: Music, Flowers and Ambiguous Identity","韓湘子與藍采和：音樂、花與身份邊界",{"to":489,"label":490,"label_zh":491},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Feight-immortals\u002Fcao-guojiu-li-tieguai","Cao Guojiu and Li Tieguai: Privilege, Poverty and the Immortal Body","曹國舅與鐵柺李：特權、貧困與身體身份",{"to":493,"label":494,"label_zh":495},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Feight-immortals\u002Fzhongli-quan","Zhongli Quan: Teacher of Lü Dongbin and Patriarch of Internal Alchemy","鍾離權：呂洞賓之師與內丹祖師",[],[],{"data":499},[500,536,559,578,599,618,638,656,677,700,722],{"id":38,"uuid":501,"slug":502,"available_locales":503,"name":507,"description":510,"body":512,"path":515,"images":516,"image_urls":521,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":526,"seo_description":529,"sort_order":531,"is_active":532,"status":533,"created_at":534,"updated_at":535},"f1a30881-20c6-407b-b546-669e839a178a","feng-shui-learning",[504,505,506],"en","zh","fr",{"en":508,"zh":509},"Feng Shui Learning","風水課程",{"en":511,"zh":3},"Study feng shui as a historical Chinese tradition of interpreting orientation, form and environment—with clear limits on predictive claims.",{"en":513,"zh":514},"\u003Ch2>\u003Cem>Feng shui 風水 developed through multiple schools, texts and professional traditions. It brings together observations of landform, orientation, water, buildings and correlative cosmology. It should not be reduced to decorative rules, nor presented as a scientifically proven way to guarantee health, wealth or relationships.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cem>Classes introduce core vocabulary, the distinction between major approaches and the cultural contexts in which feng shui has been practised. Contemporary applications are discussed critically. Students remain responsible for property, financial and personal decisions and should seek qualified professional advice where those decisions carry material consequences.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>風水形成於不同的流派、典籍與專業傳統，綜合觀察地形、方位、水勢、建築以及陰陽五行等關聯性宇宙觀。它不應被簡化為裝飾規則，也不能被宣傳為保證健康、財富或關係結果的科學方法。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>課程介紹基本術語、主要方法的差別，以及風水在歷史社會中的實踐語境，並以批判態度討論當代應用。涉及房產、財務或其他重大決定時，學員仍應根據事實判斷，並諮詢具備資質的相關專業人士。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Ffeng-shui-learning",[517,518,519,520],"wudang\u002Fevents\u002FYpvXV9T4BG3YVD0NQ150.webp","wudang\u002Fevents\u002FfhZyCVAEQXsL76XmGdVp.webp","wudang\u002Fevents\u002FAt5a8W2EGZ9IhDUbI4f3.avif","wudang\u002Fevents\u002FBKPjfYeMNJ617LWJ7tgv.avif",[522,523,524,525],"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FYpvXV9T4BG3YVD0NQ150.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FfhZyCVAEQXsL76XmGdVp.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FAt5a8W2EGZ9IhDUbI4f3.avif","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FBKPjfYeMNJ617LWJ7tgv.avif",{"en":527,"zh":528},"Feng Shui Classes and Courses","風水課程：方位、形勢與空間觀念入門",{"en":511,"zh":530},"從歷史、環境與文化語境學習風水，理解方位、形勢與空間觀念，同時明確傳統解釋與科學證據的界限。",0,true,"active","2026-07-13T05:17:57.000000Z","2026-09-25T03:51:12.000000Z",{"id":60,"uuid":537,"slug":538,"available_locales":539,"name":540,"description":543,"body":546,"path":549,"images":550,"image_urls":551,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":552,"seo_description":555,"sort_order":531,"is_active":532,"status":533,"created_at":558,"updated_at":535},"c85bf6cc-b84e-4c36-bbd7-9e92b53bbe50","internal-arts-wellness",[504,505,506],{"en":541,"zh":542},"Internal Arts & Wellness","內家功法與養生",{"en":544,"zh":545},"Classes, workshops and retreats in Baduanjin, Taijiquan, qigong and traditional practices for movement, breathing and mindful cultivation.","彙集八段錦、太極拳、氣功及傳統身心修習的課程、工作坊與靜修活動。",{"en":547,"zh":548},"\u003Cp>Explore small-group classes, workshops and retreats introducing Wudang internal arts and traditional wellness practices. Programmes may include Baduanjin, Taijiquan, qigong, standing practice, breathing and their cultural foundations.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Each listing provides its teacher, schedule, experience level and registration arrangements.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>本類別彙集武當內家功法與傳統養生修習的小班課程、工作坊及靜修活動，內容可涵蓋八段錦、太極拳、氣功、站樁、呼吸練習及相關文化基礎。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>每項活動都會註明導師、日期、適合程度與報名方式，方便參加者選擇合適的學習體驗。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Finternal-arts-wellness",[],[],{"en":553,"zh":554},"Internal Arts & Wellness Events","內家功法與養生活動",{"en":556,"zh":557},"Explore Baduanjin, Taijiquan, qigong and traditional wellness classes, workshops and retreats listed by Wudang.Org.","探索八段錦、太極拳、氣功與傳統養生課程、工作坊及靜修活動。","2026-08-16T19:23:45.000000Z",{"id":560,"uuid":561,"slug":562,"available_locales":563,"name":564,"description":567,"body":568,"path":569,"images":570,"image_urls":571,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":572,"seo_description":574,"sort_order":531,"is_active":532,"status":533,"created_at":577,"updated_at":535},10,"884ed965-8c72-49e2-acee-0fc2f7aec70a","face-reading-learning",[504,505,506],{"en":565,"zh":566},"Face Reading Learning","面相課程",[],[],"\u002Fevents\u002Fface-reading-learning",[],[],{"en":573},"Chinese Face Reading Classes and Workshops",{"en":575,"zh":576},"Learn Chinese face reading (面相) as a cultural tradition: its classical framework, history and uses, taught with clear limits on predictive claims.","把面相作為中國傳統文化來學習：認識其經典框架、歷史與用法，並清楚說明傳統詮釋的邊界。","2026-08-30T17:01:43.000000Z",{"id":579,"uuid":580,"slug":581,"available_locales":582,"name":583,"description":586,"body":588,"path":591,"images":592,"image_urls":593,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":594,"seo_description":597,"sort_order":38,"is_active":532,"status":533,"created_at":534,"updated_at":535},2,"8792a80b-d0c8-4ef9-9634-5cb91827932b","zi-wei-dou-shu-learning",[504,505,506],{"en":584,"zh":585},"Zi Wei Dou Shu Learning","紫微斗數課程",{"en":587,"zh":3},"Explore Purple Star Astrology as a traditional Chinese interpretive system, approached as cultural knowledge rather than scientific prediction.",{"en":589,"zh":590},"\u003Cp>Zi Wei Dou Shu 紫微鬥數 organises birth information through palaces, stars and patterned relationships. The system has a substantial technical vocabulary and several interpretive traditions, but its predictive claims are not established by modern scientific evidence.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Courses explain how charts are structured, how symbols are read and how historical and contemporary practitioners differ. The aim is cultural literacy and disciplined reflection—not certainty about the future. Readings do not replace medical, legal, financial, employment or psychological expertise.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>紫微斗數依據出生資訊，以宮位、星曜和彼此關係組織命盤。它具有複雜的術語與多種解釋傳統，但其預測主張並未得到現代科學證據的確立。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>課程說明命盤結構、符號閱讀方法，以及歷史與當代實踐者之間的差異。學習目的在於文化理解與有紀律的自我反思，而不是獲得關於未來的確定答案。相關解讀不能代替醫療、法律、財務、就業或心理專業意見。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Fzi-wei-dou-shu-learning",[],[],{"en":595,"zh":596},"Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology) Classes","紫微斗數課程：命盤、宮位與星曜入門",{"en":587,"zh":598},"把紫微斗數作為中國傳統詮釋體系來學習，認識命盤、宮位與星曜，不把它包裝成科學預測。",{"id":247,"uuid":600,"slug":601,"available_locales":602,"name":603,"description":606,"body":607,"path":608,"images":609,"image_urls":610,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":611,"seo_description":614,"sort_order":38,"is_active":532,"status":533,"created_at":617,"updated_at":535},"09958025-4f1d-40e6-ae1c-8b1517ac824e","tea-arts",[504,505,506],{"en":604,"zh":605},"Tea Arts","茶藝",[],[],"\u002Fevents\u002Ftea-arts",[],[],{"en":612,"zh":613},"Chinese Tea Art Classes and Workshops","茶藝課程與工作坊",{"en":615,"zh":616},"Chinese tea art (茶藝) classes and workshops: tea types, brewing methods, tea-table etiquette and the quiet attention of sharing tea.","茶藝課程與工作坊：認識茶類、泡茶方法與茶席禮儀，在一席茶中體會從容與專注。","2026-08-16T17:13:57.000000Z",{"id":242,"uuid":619,"slug":620,"available_locales":621,"name":622,"description":625,"body":627,"path":630,"images":631,"image_urls":632,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":633,"seo_description":636,"sort_order":579,"is_active":532,"status":533,"created_at":534,"updated_at":535},"e52a261e-348a-4b8a-bd51-43f4e6b1d861","ba-zi-learning",[504,505,506],{"en":623,"zh":624},"Ba Zi Learning","八字課程",{"en":626,"zh":3},"Study the Four Pillars as a traditional system of stems, branches and five-phase correspondence, with history and limitations made explicit.",{"en":628,"zh":629},"\u003Cp>Ba Zi 八字 interprets year, month, day and hour through the heavenly stems, earthly branches, yin-yang and five-phase relationships. It is an influential part of Chinese metaphysical culture, not an observational science in the modern empirical sense.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Classes introduce chart structure, terminology and common interpretive methods while distinguishing tradition from evidence. Students are encouraged to treat readings as prompts for reflection and never as guarantees, diagnoses or substitutes for professional advice.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>八字以年、月、日、時四柱為框架，通過天干、地支、陰陽與五行關係進行解釋。它是中國術數文化中影響深遠的傳統體系，並非現代經驗科學。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>課程介紹命盤結構、基本術語和常見詮釋方法，同時說明傳統觀點與科學證據的差別。學員可把解讀作為反思的線索，但不應把它當作保證、診斷，或任何專業意見的替代品。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Fba-zi-learning",[],[],{"en":634,"zh":635},"BaZi (Four Pillars) Classes and Courses","八字課程：四柱、天干地支與五行入門",{"en":626,"zh":637},"學習四柱中的天干、地支與五行關係，理解其歷史與方法，也清楚區分傳統詮釋和現代實證知識。",{"id":69,"uuid":639,"slug":640,"available_locales":641,"name":642,"description":645,"body":646,"path":647,"images":648,"image_urls":649,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":650,"seo_description":653,"sort_order":579,"is_active":532,"status":533,"created_at":617,"updated_at":535},"76718b8e-3137-42fc-a257-c9e318b3e364","incense-culture",[504,505,506],{"en":643,"zh":644},"Incense Culture","香文化",[],[],"\u002Fevents\u002Fincense-culture",[],[],{"en":651,"zh":652},"Chinese Incense Culture Workshops","香文化活動與工作坊",{"en":654,"zh":655},"Workshops on Chinese incense culture (香文化): aromatic materials, traditional ways of preparing and appreciating incense, and incense as calm attention.","香文化活動與工作坊：認識香材、傳統制香與品香方式，在一爐香中練習安靜與專注。",{"id":657,"uuid":658,"slug":659,"available_locales":660,"name":661,"description":664,"body":667,"path":670,"images":671,"image_urls":672,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":673,"seo_description":675,"sort_order":579,"is_active":532,"status":533,"created_at":676,"updated_at":535},11,"c39cc557-40eb-4266-9736-7fb84891d407","i-ching-learning",[504,505,506],{"en":662,"zh":663},"I Ching Learning","易經課程",{"en":665,"zh":666},"Explore the I Ching through its hexagrams, traditional interpretive methods and historical context, with scope and limitations made explicit.","通過卦象、傳統解讀方法與歷史語境認識《易經》，並清楚說明其適用範圍與侷限。",{"en":668,"zh":669},"\u003Cp>The I Ching 易經 is a classical Chinese text centred on sixty-four hexagrams and a long history of commentary and divination. It has shaped Chinese philosophy, cosmology and metaphysical practice, but its divinatory claims are not established as modern empirical science.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Classes introduce structures, terminology and traditional methods such as Liu Yao while distinguishing cultural study from evidence. Readings should be treated as prompts for reflection, not guarantees, diagnoses or substitutes for professional advice.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>《易經》是一部以六十四卦為核心的中國經典，形成了悠久的註疏與占筮傳統，並深刻影響中國哲學、宇宙觀與術數文化；其占筮主張並非現代經驗科學所證實。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>課程介紹基本結構、術語和六爻等傳統方法，同時區分文化學習與科學證據。解讀宜作為反思線索，不應視為保證、診斷或任何專業意見的替代品。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Fi-ching-learning",[],[],{"en":674,"zh":663},"I Ching Classes and Courses",{"en":665,"zh":666},"2026-09-08T00:15:35.000000Z",{"id":21,"uuid":678,"slug":679,"available_locales":680,"name":681,"description":684,"body":687,"path":690,"images":691,"image_urls":692,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":693,"seo_description":696,"sort_order":242,"is_active":532,"status":533,"created_at":699,"updated_at":535},"ee2330c6-5a3e-4ac2-a2d1-1a0dc110c58c","traditional-arts-crafts",[504,505,506],{"en":682,"zh":683},"Traditional Arts & Crafts","傳統藝術與手作",{"en":685,"zh":686},"Hands-on workshops exploring Chinese handicrafts and decorative arts through guided making and cultural appreciation.","通過親手製作與文化欣賞，體驗中國傳統手作及裝飾藝術。",{"en":688,"zh":689},"\u003Cp>Discover practical workshops in Chinese decorative arts and handcraft traditions. Activities may include gold-leaf painting, cloisonné enamel, mother-of-pearl work, Song brocade and other guided projects.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>These welcoming sessions introduce materials, techniques and cultural context while allowing participants to complete a piece of their own.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>本類別彙集中國傳統裝飾藝術與手作體驗，內容可涵蓋金箔畫、掐絲琺琅、螺鈿工藝、宋錦及其他創作專案。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>課程以輕鬆易懂的方式介紹材料、技法與文化背景，讓參加者在導師帶領下完成屬於自己的作品。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Ftraditional-arts-crafts",[],[],{"en":694,"zh":695},"Traditional Arts & Crafts Events","傳統藝術與手作活動",{"en":697,"zh":698},"Explore Chinese handicraft and decorative arts workshops, including gold-leaf, cloisonné, mother-of-pearl and brocade.","探索金箔畫、掐絲琺琅、螺鈿、宋錦等中國傳統手作及裝飾藝術體驗。","2026-08-16T19:24:04.000000Z",{"id":212,"uuid":701,"slug":702,"available_locales":703,"name":704,"description":707,"body":710,"path":713,"images":714,"image_urls":715,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":716,"seo_description":718,"sort_order":247,"is_active":532,"status":533,"created_at":721,"updated_at":535},"824f78c1-1181-4983-bae5-77e7cdbbbc1d","wudang-community",[504,505,506],{"en":705,"zh":706},"Wudang Community","武當社群活動",{"en":708,"zh":709},"Talks, broadcasts and community gatherings connecting people with Wudang culture, learning and living practice.","通過講座、直播與社群聚會，連線武當文化、學習與日常實踐。",{"en":711,"zh":712},"\u003Cp>Wudang Community brings together public talks, livestreams, gatherings and shared cultural activities connected with Wudang.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>These programmes create welcoming ways to meet practitioners, explore ideas and participate in a growing community of learning and practice.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>武當社群活動彙集與武當文化相關的公開講座、直播、聚會及共享文化體驗。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>這些活動以友善開放的方式連線練習者與學習者，讓大家交流心得、認識傳統，並共同參與持續發展的文化社群。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Fwudang-community",[],[],{"en":717,"zh":706},"Wudang Community Events",{"en":719,"zh":720},"Discover Wudang community talks, broadcasts and gatherings connecting people with culture, learning and living practice.","探索連線武當文化、學習與日常實踐的講座、直播及社群聚會。","2026-08-16T19:24:18.000000Z",{"id":16,"uuid":723,"slug":724,"available_locales":725,"name":726,"description":729,"body":730,"path":731,"images":732,"image_urls":733,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":734,"seo_description":737,"sort_order":69,"is_active":532,"status":533,"created_at":740,"updated_at":535},"25641c0b-8e5a-46d7-9b18-95c344015f97","wudang-journeys-retreats",[504,505,506],{"en":727,"zh":728},"Wudang Journeys & Retreats","武當旅修與行程",[],[],"\u002Fevents\u002Fwudang-journeys-retreats",[],[],{"en":735,"zh":736},"Wudang Mountain Retreats and Guided Journeys","武當山旅修與靜修行程",{"en":738,"zh":739},"Guided journeys and retreats to Wudang Mountain that combine practice, temple visits and cultural learning, with itineraries and expectations set out clearly.","前往武當山的旅修與靜修：結合修習、宮觀參訪與文化學習，提前說明行程安排與參加須知。","2026-08-18T11:09:38.000000Z",{"data":742},{"hero_type":743,"hero_image":744,"hero_image_alt":745,"hero_youtube_id":746,"hero_content_on":532,"hero_heading":747,"hero_subheading":748,"hero_text":749,"hero_subheading_zh":750,"hero_text_zh":751,"hero_buttons":752,"home_seo":758,"page_layout":764,"shop_enabled":765,"contact":766,"journey":782},"image","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fsite\u002Fwudanghomepagehero.webp","Wudang mountain temple in mist","VgirFbjpiy4","武當文化，道在日常\nWudang Culture, Practised with Purpose","A place for learning. A home for living culture.","Explore Taoist thought, internal arts, literati traditions and Wudang Mountain through grounded learning in Singapore and beyond.","這裡既是學習之地，也是讓文化融入日常的所在。","從道家思想、內家武術、文人雅藝與武當山出發，以清晰、踏實的方式，在新加坡及世界各地認識和體驗武當文化。",[753,755],{"label":754,"link":278},"Start Your Wudang Journey",{"label":756,"link":757},"View Events & Courses","\u002Fevents",{"title":759,"description":761},{"en":760,"zh":3},"Wudang Mountain: Tai Chi, Qigong & Taoist Culture",{"en":762,"zh":763},"Explore Wudang Mountain through Tai Chi, Qigong, Daoist philosophy, martial arts, traditional arts, wellness, culture and everyday life in Wudang.","從太極、氣功、道家思想、武術、傳統雅藝與養生文化認識武當山，探索武當文化及武當山的日常生活。","sidebar",false,{"methods":767,"has_any":532,"text":775},{"email":768,"whatsapp":769,"wechat_id":770,"wechat_qr_url":771,"instagram":772,"instagram_handle":773,"facebook":774,"facebook_handle":773},"hello@wudang.org","+6588169599","Cldjcll0305","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fcontact\u002Fkcs9Z5IEY7CugW2mEYA8.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.instagram.com\u002Fleewudang.sg","@leewudang.sg","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fleewudang.sg\u002F",{"china_heading_en":776,"china_heading_zh":777,"china_company_en":778,"china_company_zh":779,"china_address_en":780,"china_address_zh":781},"China Operations","中國運營","Xunwei Wudang Co., Ltd.","尋味武當有限公司","No. 72 Jianhe 2nd Road, Wangjiayuan, Wudang Mountain, Shiyan, Hubei, China","湖北省十堰市武當山王家園劍河二路72號",{"title_en":3,"title_zh":3,"intro_en":3,"intro_zh":3,"enabled":532},{"data":784},{"to":179,"type":785,"available_locales":786,"is_content_page":532,"title":787,"subtitle":788,"body":791,"hero_image_url":794,"hero_width":795,"hero_height":796,"hero_image_alt":797,"hero_image_decorative":765,"hero_credit":3,"hero_alt":800,"hero_style":801,"card_layout":802,"link_type":3,"link_ref":3,"seo_title":803,"seo_description":806,"children":809},"subcategory",[504,505,506],{"en":180,"zh":181},{"en":789,"zh":790},"Deity birthdays, lunar observances, purification, grand offerings and pilgrimage festivals","從神明誕辰、三元節令到齋戒、醮儀、廟會與朝山",{"en":792,"zh":793},"\u003Cp>If you want to know what a religious tradition actually holds, look at what it does on which days. Doctrine can be selectively quoted; a calendar cannot. Taoism keeps a dense one — deity birthdays, seasonal offerings, rites for the dead, and large periodic ceremonies that can run for several days and involve a whole community. This part of the site explains how that calendar is put together and what the major ritual forms are for.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>The Taoist Ritual Calendar Is Lunar and Local\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>Two features cause most of the confusion. First, Taoist dates follow the traditional lunar calendar, so they move against the Gregorian year and cannot be given as fixed dates. A festival on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month falls somewhere in the autumn, and where exactly depends on the year. This site therefore gives lunar dates and does not attempt conversions, because a conversion table would be wrong within a year.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Second, and less often mentioned, the calendar is local. A temple's most important day is usually the birthday of its own principal deity, and that varies from temple to temple. A Mazu temple in Fujian and a Zhenwu temple in Hubei do not keep the same year. There is no single Taoist liturgical calendar in the way there is a single Christian one, and there is no authority that could impose one.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The practical consequence for a visitor is that you cannot plan around a national schedule. If a particular observance matters to you, the observance belongs to a particular temple, and you have to find out locally what that temple is doing. Anything written in advance, here or elsewhere, is a general guide at best.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>Four Types of Days in the Taoist Ritual Calendar\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>The calendar is not a flat list. Roughly four types of day are worth distinguishing.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Deity birthdays are the most numerous. Every significant god has one, and it is the occasion for offerings, scripture recitation and often a temple fair. The Jade Emperor's birthday early in the first lunar month and the observances associated with Laozi are among the most widely kept.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Calendrical days come from the structure of the month and year rather than from any deity: new moon and full moon, the solstices, and the transitions between the twenty-four solar terms. These are days of heightened ritual activity in temples even when nothing is being celebrated.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Rites for the dead form their own group, concentrated in the seventh lunar month but not confined to it. And finally there are occasional great ceremonies, which are not annual at all — commissioned when a community, a temple or a benefactor has reason, sometimes decades apart.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>Jiao and Zhai: Taoism’s Two Major Ritual Categories\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>Almost all major Taoist ritual falls into one of two traditional headings, and the distinction is worth learning because it is about direction of movement.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cem>Zhai\u003C\u002Fem> is preparatory and inward. It covers purification and fasting: restricting food, abstaining from certain activities, confession of fault, and the cleansing of both the participants and the space. It is what makes a person and a place fit to conduct the main business.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>\u003Cem>Jiao\u003C\u002Fem> is the main business — the grand offering. It is outward and communal: the formal presentation of offerings and petitions to the celestial hierarchy on behalf of a community, conducted by ordained priests over a period that may run to several days. A full \u003Cem>jiao\u003C\u002Fem> is one of the largest undertakings in Chinese religion, involving musicians, chanting, processions, elaborate paper constructions and considerable expense. Historically it was funded by a village, a guild or a lineage, not by an individual.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The pairing is the point. You purify, then you offer. Ritual sequences that look bewilderingly long usually resolve into that shape.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>Why Taoist Ritual Relies on Documents\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>This follows from the administrative structure of the pantheon described elsewhere in this section. If the divine order is an administration, then approaching it means submitting a properly composed document to the correct office. So a great deal of Taoist ritual consists of writing, reading aloud and then burning — burning being the means of transmission, not destruction.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Once you know this, ceremonies become far more legible. The priest at the centre is often reading; there are tables, seals, formal registers and lists of names; texts are held with both hands and treated as objects of consequence; and the climax is frequently the moment a document goes into the flame. The theatrical elements — music, movement, costume — are the setting for an act that is essentially bureaucratic.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>It also explains why ordination matters so much. A document has to come from someone with standing to submit it. That is precisely what ordination confers.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>What Visitors See and Hear during Taoist Ritual\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>Expect sound. Taoist liturgy is chanted, usually to percussion — wooden blocks, bells, drums, cymbals — and often with wind and string instruments. It is not quiet or meditative in atmosphere, and it can be startlingly loud. Vestments are elaborate and colour-coded by role, in contrast to the plain daily gowns of the same clergy.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Movement is formal and patterned. Priests trace prescribed paths within the ritual area, and specific footwork and hand positions carry technical meaning that is not explained to onlookers. There will be a principal officiant at the centre of the axis, with assistants at defined positions. Bystanders are generally welcome; participation is not expected.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The rules for observers are simple and worth respecting: no flash, no video with sound, and nothing photographed from the front — that is, from the axis, past the officiant. Stand at the side or outside. The test that resolves most other questions is whether you would do the same thing in a stranger's home, because a working temple is both a home and a workplace.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>The Taoist Ritual Season for the Dead\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>The seventh lunar month, and particularly the Zhongyuan festival at its middle, is given over to the dead. The underlying idea is universal salvation: rites are performed not only for one's own ancestors but for the unremembered dead, those without descendants to care for them, and those who died badly.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>This is one of the most widely observed parts of the calendar and one of the least understood from outside, partly because the popular English name — Ghost Festival — suggests something spooky. The actual tone is closer to a public duty carried out with proper form: offerings set out, documents read, food and paper goods provided, names recorded. It is also a good illustration of how Taoist and Buddhist observance overlap in popular practice while remaining distinct in the hands of clergy.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>Music and Instruments in Taoist Ritual\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>The sound of a Taoist rite is the part most visitors remember and the part least often explained. It is not incidental decoration. The music is structural, and once you know what the instruments are doing the whole event becomes easier to follow.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The core is chanted text. The words come from ritual manuals and are delivered to fixed melodic patterns rather than freely sung. A given text has a way it is done, and the officiants are reproducing that way rather than interpreting it. This is why the singing can sound impersonal to a listener expecting expression: the point is accurate delivery of a document, not the communication of feeling.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Percussion marks structure. A bell and a wooden fish-shaped block are the basic pair, and between them they establish the pulse and signal transitions — the end of a section, a change of address, a point at which the participants move or bow. A drum may mark larger divisions. If you cannot follow the words, you can still follow the shape of the rite by listening for these signals, and you will notice that the pattern repeats.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Melodic instruments appear in larger rites: a transverse flute, a double-reed pipe with a piercing tone, plucked and bowed strings depending on region and resources. Their function is partly to support the chant and partly to fill the intervals when nothing is being sung but something is being done — a document prepared, a movement completed, offerings arranged.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Two features are worth pointing out because they surprise people. The first is that the repertoire is regional. Ritual music absorbed local musical style wherever it was performed, so the same text can sound substantially different in different provinces, and some of what is performed today is closer to local folk and opera traditions than to anything nationally standard. The second is that a good deal of this music has been studied and recorded as musical heritage independently of its religious function, which means recordings exist and are not hard to find, and that listening to them beforehand makes a live rite much more intelligible.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>One practical note. Because the music is functional, the volume and the sudden percussion are not aimed at an audience and are not a performance cue. Do not applaud, do not move closer for a better recording position, and do not treat a pause as an ending. Rites have internal pauses, and the point at which participants relax is the only reliable sign that something has finished.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>How to Visit during a Taoist Festival\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>A festival is the best and the worst time to see a temple. Best, because the building is doing what it was built for, and an empty hall tells you much less than a full one. Worst, because it will be crowded, hot, noisy and difficult to move through, and because the people around you are occupied with something that is not a performance.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Two practical notes. On a mountain site, festival crowding is a safety matter rather than a comfort matter: narrow worn stone stairs with two-way traffic are genuinely hazardous, and the same applies to the major public holidays. And the one thing genuinely expected of you is quiet — not silence, and not solemnity, since Chinese temple courtyards are sociable places. You are not being asked to keep the rule. You are being asked not to interrupt people who are.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>Key Points About Taoist Festivals and Rituals\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cul>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>The Taoist calendar is lunar, so festival dates move against the Gregorian year and cannot be listed as fixed dates.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>It is also local: a temple's biggest day is usually its own principal deity's birthday, so there is no single Taoist liturgical year.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>Four kinds of day: deity birthdays, calendrical days such as new and full moon and the solar terms, rites for the dead, and occasional great ceremonies.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cem>Zhai\u003C\u002Fem> is purification and fasting — preparatory and inward. \u003Cem>Jiao\u003C\u002Fem> is the grand offering — outward, communal and often several days long.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>A full \u003Cem>jiao\u003C\u002Fem> was historically funded by a village, guild or lineage rather than an individual, because of its scale and cost.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>Ritual is largely documentary: petitions are composed, read aloud and burned, burning being the means of delivery.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>This is why ordination matters — a petition needs a submitter with recognised standing.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>Liturgy is chanted and loud, with percussion and elaborate role-coded vestments; formal movement carries technical meaning not explained to onlookers.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>For observers: no flash, no video with sound, nothing photographed from the front along the axis. Stand at the side or outside.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>The seventh lunar month is for the dead, including the unremembered dead, and its tone is dutiful rather than eerie.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>Festival crowding on mountain stairs is a safety issue, not a comfort issue. The one real expectation of visitors is not to interrupt.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>","\u003Cp>想知道一個宗教傳統實際持守什麼，就看它在哪一天做什麼事。教義可以被擇句引用，曆法不行。道教的曆法很密：神明誕辰、按季的祭獻、度亡的儀式，以及可以連做數日、動員整個社群的大型醮儀。這一部分說明這份曆法是怎麼搭起來的，以及那些主要的儀式形式各自要辦什麼事。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>道教科儀曆法按農曆執行，而且具有地方性\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>兩個特點造成了大部分混亂。第一，道教的日期依傳統農曆，所以它在公曆上每年移動，無法寫成固定日期。九月初九的節在秋天某處，具體落在哪一天要看年份。因此本站給的是農曆日期，不做換算，因為一張換算表一年之內就會出錯。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>第二點提得較少：這套曆法是地方性的。一座宮觀最重要的日子通常是自己主神的誕辰，而這一天各觀不同。福建的媽祖廟和湖北的真武宮過的不是同一個年。道教沒有一個像基督教那樣統一的禮儀年，也沒有哪個權威能強加一份。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>對參訪者的實際後果是，你無法照著一份全國日程來安排。如果某項儀典對你重要，那項儀典屬於某一座具體的宮觀，你得在當地打聽那座觀今年怎麼做。任何事先寫下的東西，包括這裡寫的，最多隻是一個大略的指引。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>還有一個容易被忽略的層次：同一座觀內部也分主次。主神誕辰是全觀的事，配殿神明的誕辰可能只由幾位執事料理，規模差得很遠。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>道教科儀曆法中的四類日子\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>這份曆法不是一張平鋪的清單。大體有四類日子值得分開看。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>神明誕辰最多。每一位有分量的神都有一個，那天要獻供、誦經，往往還有廟會。正月初的玉皇誕，以及與老子相關的儀典，是流傳最廣的幾個。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>曆法性的日子來自月與年的結構，與哪位神明無關：朔與望、二至，以及二十四節氣之間的交替。這些日子裡宮觀的儀式活動會加密，即使沒有在慶祝任何東西。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>度亡的儀式自成一組，集中在七月，但不限於七月。最後還有不定期的大型醮儀，根本不是一年一次的——由一個社群、一座宮觀或一位施主因事發起，有時相隔數十年。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>另外要說明的是，這四類會疊在一起。某位神明的誕辰恰好落在朔日或某個節氣上，那一天的分量就格外重，歷史上不少大醮就是這樣挑日子的。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>醮與齋：道教兩大科儀型別\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>幾乎所有大型道教儀式都歸入這兩個傳統名目之一，而這個區分值得學，因為它講的是運動的方向。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>齋是預備性的、向內的。它涵蓋清淨與節食：約束飲食、戒除某些活動、自陳過失，以及對參與者和場所兩方面的潔淨。它使人與地方夠格去辦後面那件正事。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>醮就是那件正事——大獻。它是向外的、公共的：由受度的道士代表一方社群，向天界層級正式呈上供獻與表文，歷時可達數日。一場完整的醮是中國宗教裡規模最大的舉動之一，牽涉樂師、唱誦、行香、繁複的紙紮，以及相當可觀的開銷。歷史上它由一村、一行會或一族出資，不是由個人。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>成對出現才是要點。先清淨，再呈獻。那些看起來長得讓人發懵的儀式次序，通常都能還原成這個形狀。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>需要提醒的是，這兩個字在日常用語裡已經鬆掉了。民間常把任何一場熱鬧的儀式都叫做做醮，把任何吃素都叫做持齋。真正的制度含義要窄得多。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>道教科儀為何依賴文書\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>這一點承接本部分別處講過的神譜行政結構。如果神界秩序是一套官府，那麼與它打交道就意味著向正確的衙口遞交一份格式正確的文書。所以大量道教科儀的內容是書寫、宣讀，然後焚化——焚化是送達的手段，不是銷燬。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>知道了這一點，儀式就好讀得多。居中的道士常常在唸；有案、有印、有正式的名冊和人名單；經文要雙手捧持，被當作有分量的實物對待；而高潮往往就是一份文書進入火中的那一刻。那些戲劇性的成分——音樂、身法、法衣——是一件本質上屬於公文辦理的事情的場面。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>這也解釋了為什麼傳度如此要緊。一份文書需要一個有資格遞交它的人，而傳度所授予的正是這個資格。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>順著這個思路，你也能明白為什麼壇場的佈置那麼講究方位。案的朝向、印的位置、名單擺在哪一側，都屬於文書能否成立的一部分，不是裝飾。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>訪客在道教科儀中會看到和聽到什麼\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>要預期聲音。道教科儀是唱誦的，通常配打擊樂——木魚、鈴、鼓、鐃鈸——常常還有管絃。它的氣氛既不安靜也不冥想，音量可以大得讓人一驚。法衣繁複，並按角色分色，與同一批道士平日的素袍形成對照。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>身法是程式化、有圖式的。道士在壇場內按規定的路徑行走，特定的步法與手訣帶有技術含義，不會向旁觀者解釋。中軸正中會有一位主壇的道士，助手各在既定的位次上。旁觀一般是歡迎的，不指望你參與。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>給旁觀者的規矩很簡單，也值得遵守：不用閃光燈，不錄帶聲的影片，不從正面拍——也就是不從中軸上越過主壇者去拍。站到側面或殿外。能解決其餘大部分疑問的判斷標準是：同樣的事你會在陌生人家裡做嗎？因為一座還在運轉的宮觀既是住處也是工作場所。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>還有一點值得預先知道：科儀的長度常常沒有明確的終點提示。一段唱誦結束不等於整場結束，中間的停頓也可能只是換段。想看完整的人要留出比預想更多的時間。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>道教為亡者舉行儀式的節期\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>七月，尤其是月中的中元，是留給亡者的。背後的觀念是普度：儀式不只為自家祖先做，也為無人記得的亡者、沒有後人祭祀的人，以及死得不好的人做。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>這是曆法中流傳最廣的一部分，也是從外部最難被理解的一部分，一部分原因是英文那個通行的名字聽上去像鬼怪故事。實際的調子更接近一項按規矩履行的公共義務：供品擺開，文書宣讀，飲食與紙物備齊，名字記下。它同時也很好地說明了道教與佛教的儀典如何在民間實踐裡重疊，而在神職人員手裡始終分明。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>與此相關的還有清明和寒衣節等日子，各地做法差異很大。同一個月裡，城市裡的廟和鄉下的廟可以完全不是一套安排。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>道教科儀中的音樂與法器\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>一場道教科儀的聲音，是參訪者記得最牢、又最少被解釋的部分。它不是可有可無的裝飾。音樂是結構性的；一旦你知道各件法器在做什麼，整場活動就容易跟上了。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>核心是唱誦經文。詞出自科儀本，按固定的曲牌唱出來，不是自由地歌唱。某一段經文有它的做法，行儀者是在復現那個做法，不是在解釋它。這就是為什麼在期待“抒情”的聽者耳中，這種唱誦會顯得不帶個人色彩：要點在於把一份文書準確地遞出去，不在於傳達感情。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>打擊樂標示結構。鐘磬與木魚是基本的一對，兩者一起立住節拍並提示轉折——一段結束、稱呼改換、參與者要移動或行禮的節點。鼓可以標示更大的段落。如果你聽不懂詞，仍然可以靠聽這些訊號來跟住這場儀式的形狀，而且你會發現這套格式是反覆的。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>旋律樂器出現在較大的科儀裡：橫笛、音色尖利的雙簧管子，以及視地區和條件而定的彈撥與拉絃樂器。它們的功能一部分是托住唱誦，一部分是填補那些不唱但在做事的間隙——備一份文書、走完一段步位、把供品擺開。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>有兩點值得指出，因為它們常讓人意外。第一，這套曲目是地方性的。科儀音樂在哪裡演，就吸收哪裡的音樂風格，所以同一段經文在不同省份可以聽起來相當不同；今天演的有些東西，離本地的民間與戲曲傳統更近，離任何全國統一的標準更遠。第二，這類音樂中有相當一部分已被當作音樂遺產、脫離其宗教功能而被研究和錄音，也就是說錄音是存在的、不難找到；而事先聽過，會讓一場現場科儀好懂得多。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>一條實用的提醒。因為這套音樂是有功能的，音量和驟然的擊奏並不是衝著聽眾來的，也不是演出的提示。不要鼓掌，不要為了錄得更好而往前擠，也不要把一個停頓當成結束。科儀內部有停頓，而參與者放鬆下來的那一刻，是某件事已經做完的唯一可靠標誌。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>怎樣在道教節慶期間參訪\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>節慶是看一座宮觀最好也最壞的時候。最好，因為建築正在做它被建造出來要做的事，一座空殿能告訴你的遠比一座滿殿的少。最壞，因為它會擁擠、悶熱、嘈雜、難以走動，而且你身邊的人正忙著一件不是表演的事。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>兩點實際說明。在山上，節慶的擁擠是安全問題而不是舒適問題：狹窄磨光的石階上雙向對流，確實危險，幾個大的公共假期同理。而真正對你有所期待的只有一件事：安靜——不是寂靜，也不是莊嚴，因為中國的廟院本來就是熱鬧的。沒有人要求你守規矩，只是請你不要打斷正在守規矩的人。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>道教節日與科儀要點\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cul>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>道教曆法按農曆走，節慶日期在公曆上每年移動，無法列成固定日期。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>它同時是地方性的：一座宮觀最大的日子通常是自己主神的誕辰，所以道教沒有統一的禮儀年。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>四類日子：神明誕辰、朔望與節氣這類曆法性日子、度亡儀式，以及不定期的大型醮儀。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>齋是清淨與節食，預備性、向內；醮是大獻，向外、公共，常常連做數日。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>一場完整的醮歷史上由一村、一行會或一族出資，而不是個人，原因在於規模與花費。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>科儀在很大程度上是文書性的：表文撰寫、宣讀、焚化，焚化是送達的手段。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>這就是傳度要緊的原因——一份表文需要一個被承認有資格遞交它的人。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>科儀是唱誦的，聲音大，有打擊樂和按角色分色的法衣；程式化的身法帶有不向旁觀者解釋的技術含義。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>旁觀規矩：不用閃光燈，不錄帶聲影片，不從中軸正面拍。站側面或殿外。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>七月屬於亡者，包括無人記得的亡者，其調子是盡義務而非陰森。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>山上節慶的擁擠是安全問題，不是舒適問題。對參訪者唯一真實的期待是不要打斷。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fpages\u002Fx4uX0Bcr4w2ugb6Cm8Rq.webp",1920,600,{"en":798,"zh":799},"A priest in a red robe embroidered with a yin-yang symbol offers incense at a lantern-lit altar, as a crowd of worshippers lines a misty mountain path with banners.","一位身著繡有陰陽圖紅色法衣的道士在燈籠映照的神壇前上香，一群信眾沿著插有幡旗、雲霧繚繞的山路排列等候。",{"en":798,"zh":799},"banner","list",{"en":804,"zh":805},"Taoist Festivals and Rituals: Calendar, Zhai and Jiao","道教節日與科儀：神誕、齋醮、廟會與朝山",{"en":807,"zh":808},"Understand the Taoist ritual calendar, from deity birthdays and Zhongyuan to zhai purification, jiao offerings, temple fairs and pilgrimage.","認識道教曆法與主要科儀，包括神明誕辰、中元、重陽、齋戒、醮儀、廟會和朝山，並理解其地方性與共同體意義。",[810,818,824,831,837,843,849,855,870,883,896,909,922,935,948,961,974,987,1000],{"to":395,"type":811,"subtitle":812,"image":815,"hero_style":801,"header":532,"footer":765,"updated_at":816,"en":396,"zh":397,"image_set":3,"image_alt":3,"tags":817},"page",{"en":813,"zh":814},"Why the ninth day of the first lunar month matters, what deity birthdays mean, and how temples observe them","神誕究竟是什麼、拜天公如何進行，以及玉皇在天界神系中的位置","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fpages\u002F5mGmXTUs9gojz3iY4pQL.webp","2026-09-25T10:04:14+00:00",[],{"to":399,"type":811,"subtitle":819,"image":822,"hero_style":801,"header":532,"footer":765,"updated_at":816,"en":400,"zh":401,"image_set":3,"image_alt":3,"tags":823},{"en":820,"zh":821},"Why Taoist Zhongyuan and Buddhist Yulanpen share the seventh lunar month, and what universal salvation means","同一天的道教中元與佛教盂蘭盆、三官信仰，以及祭祀亡者的實際做法","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fpages\u002FKeHaKoMsJqF2ZUAbuKTE.webp",[],{"to":403,"type":811,"subtitle":825,"image":828,"hero_style":801,"header":532,"footer":765,"updated_at":829,"en":404,"zh":405,"image_set":3,"image_alt":3,"tags":830},{"en":826,"zh":827},"Why the remembered philosopher, the Tao Te Ching and the deity Taishang Laojun must be distinguished","哲人、經典與神明如何相連，以及農曆二月十五所紀念的是什麼","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fpages\u002F16uk5gBJ5hSV7BNuTG1N.webp","2026-10-31T06:08:44+00:00",[],{"to":407,"type":811,"subtitle":832,"image":835,"hero_style":801,"header":532,"footer":765,"updated_at":816,"en":408,"zh":409,"image_set":3,"image_alt":3,"tags":836},{"en":833,"zh":834},"Why doubled yang once signalled danger, how protective customs evolved, and why the day now honours older people","重陽的數字邏輯、避害習俗、養生信仰，以及此日成為老年節的過程","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fpages\u002FuWlxnmlNuT7qMBLdxCrw.webp",[],{"to":411,"type":811,"subtitle":838,"image":841,"hero_style":801,"header":532,"footer":765,"updated_at":816,"en":412,"zh":413,"image_set":3,"image_alt":3,"tags":842},{"en":839,"zh":840},"How multi-day altar rites use clergy, music and documents to renew relations between a community and the sacred world","從壇場、道眾與音樂到文書上達，理解醮儀如何為地方共同體祈安更新","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fpages\u002F4a5ttUkQI9805HxIji5O.webp",[],{"to":415,"type":811,"subtitle":844,"image":847,"hero_style":801,"header":532,"footer":765,"updated_at":816,"en":416,"zh":417,"image_set":3,"image_alt":3,"tags":848},{"en":845,"zh":846},"How abstinence, conduct, confession and ritual cleansing prepare a person or community for sacred work","齋戒不僅是不食葷，也涉及行為、言語、懺悔與科儀潔淨","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fpages\u002FHsjASGLYqWDS9OXwfdUG.webp",[],{"to":419,"type":811,"subtitle":850,"image":853,"hero_style":801,"header":532,"footer":765,"updated_at":816,"en":420,"zh":421,"image_set":3,"image_alt":3,"tags":854},{"en":851,"zh":852},"Why worship, markets, opera and social life gather around temple calendars and mountain pilgrimage seasons","宮觀科儀、市場、戲曲與香會為何同場，以及朝山季如何組織地方社會","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fpages\u002FadqC8hNY9wLHtLIKfMmS.webp",[],{"to":423,"type":811,"subtitle":856,"image":859,"hero_style":801,"header":532,"footer":765,"updated_at":860,"en":424,"zh":425,"image_set":861,"image_alt":3,"tags":869},{"en":857,"zh":858},"How to distinguish robe types, read cosmological embroidery and return a museum textile to the movement and hierarchy of 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it","從紙張、符號、傳承與施行理解儀式文書，也明白為何不能只憑外觀解讀","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fpages\u002Fwvkl7HP9i0nO3y2tAIZo.webp","2026-10-07T00:10:52+00:00",{"webp":929},[930,932],{"width":864,"url":931},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fpages\u002Fvariants\u002Fwvkl7HP9i0nO3y2tAIZo-400.webp",{"width":867,"url":933},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fpages\u002Fvariants\u002Fwvkl7HP9i0nO3y2tAIZo-800.webp",[],{"to":447,"type":811,"subtitle":936,"image":939,"hero_style":801,"header":532,"footer":765,"updated_at":940,"en":448,"zh":449,"image_set":941,"image_alt":3,"tags":947},{"en":937,"zh":938},"How to read bronze, reflection, inscriptions, directional animals and evidence of ceremonial 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