[{"data":1,"prerenderedAt":-1},["ShallowReactive",2],{"site-nav-reference-en":3,"site-nav-zh":4,"site-nav-zh-all-daoism":289,"event-categories-zh":498,"site-settings":741,"node-zh-daoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fzhongyuan-ghost-festival":783,"live-course-events":810},null,{"data":5},{"header":6,"footer":264},[7,51,82,123,161,187,229,260],{"to":8,"label":9,"label_zh":10,"children":11},"\u002Fdao","TAO","道",[12,17,22,26,30,34,39,43,47],{"to":13,"label":14,"label_zh":15,"n":16},"\u002Fdao\u002Fintroduction","Begin with the Tao","道學入門",9,{"to":18,"label":19,"label_zh":20,"n":21},"\u002Fdao\u002Fyi-jing","I Ching","易經",7,{"to":23,"label":24,"label_zh":25,"n":16},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdao-de-jing","Tao Te Ching","道德經",{"to":27,"label":28,"label_zh":29,"n":21},"\u002Fdao\u002Ftaiji","Taiji","太極",{"to":31,"label":32,"label_zh":33,"n":21},"\u002Fdao\u002Fzhuang-zi","Zhuangzi","莊子",{"to":35,"label":36,"label_zh":37,"n":38},"\u002Fdao\u002Fclassics","Classical Library","道家經典文庫",1,{"to":40,"label":41,"label_zh":42},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdaoist-philosophy","Taoist Philosophy","道家哲學",{"to":44,"label":45,"label_zh":46},"\u002Fdao\u002Fwu-wei-natural-living","Wu Wei & Natural Living","無為與自然生活",{"to":48,"label":49,"label_zh":50},"\u002Fdao\u002Fdaoist-view-of-life","A Taoist View of Life","道家人生觀",{"to":52,"label":53,"label_zh":54,"children":55},"\u002Fmartial-arts","Martial Arts","武當武術",[56,61,65,70,74,78],{"to":57,"label":58,"label_zh":59,"n":60},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ffoundations-internal-arts","Foundations of Internal Martial Arts","內家拳基礎",6,{"to":62,"label":63,"label_zh":64,"n":21},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ftaijiquan","Taijiquan (Tai Chi)","太極拳",{"to":66,"label":67,"label_zh":68,"n":69},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fbaguazhang","Baguazhang: Circle Walking, Palm Changes and Movement","八卦掌：走圈、換掌與身法變化",5,{"to":71,"label":72,"label_zh":73,"n":69},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fxingyiquan","Xingyiquan: Structure, Intention and Direct Training","形意拳：結構、意念與直接訓練",{"to":75,"label":76,"label_zh":77,"n":21},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Fweapons","Wudang Sword and Weapons: History, Practice and Context","武當劍與兵器：歷史、練習與文化語境",{"to":79,"label":80,"label_zh":81,"n":21},"\u002Fmartial-arts\u002Ftraining-practice","Training and Practice: Building a Sustainable Wudang Routine","訓練與習練：建立可持續的武當練習",{"to":83,"label":84,"label_zh":85,"children":86},"\u002Fwellness","Wellness","養生",[87,91,95,99,103,107,111,115,119],{"to":88,"label":89,"label_zh":90,"n":21},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fqigong","Qigong","氣功",{"to":92,"label":93,"label_zh":94,"n":60},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fherbal-healing","Chinese Herbal Medicine","中藥與本草",{"to":96,"label":97,"label_zh":98,"n":60},"\u002Fwellness\u002Ftaoist-medicine","Taoist Medicine","道家醫學",{"to":100,"label":101,"label_zh":102,"n":60},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fenergy-sound-healing","Sound & Energy Practices","聲音與能量練習",{"to":104,"label":105,"label_zh":106},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fstanding-practice","Standing Practice","站樁",{"to":108,"label":109,"label_zh":110},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fwudang-internal-cultivation","Wudang Internal Cultivation","武當內修",{"to":112,"label":113,"label_zh":114},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fmoxibustion","Moxibustion","艾灸",{"to":116,"label":117,"label_zh":118},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fbigu","Bigu","辟穀",{"to":120,"label":121,"label_zh":122,"n":38},"\u002Fwellness\u002Fbaduanjin","Baduanjin (Eight Brocades)","八段錦",{"to":124,"label":125,"label_zh":126,"children":127},"\u002Farts","Literati Arts","文人雅藝",[128,133,138,143,148,153,157],{"to":129,"label":130,"label_zh":131,"n":132},"\u002Farts\u002Fchinese-poetry-literature","Chinese Poetry and Literature: Forms, Contexts and Reading Paths","中國詩詞與文學：體式、語境與閱讀路徑",49,{"to":134,"label":135,"label_zh":136,"n":137},"\u002Farts\u002Fcalligraphy","Chinese Calligraphy: Scripts, Materials and Ways of Looking","中國書法：書體、材料與觀賞入門",17,{"to":139,"label":140,"label_zh":141,"n":142},"\u002Farts\u002Ftea-ceremony","Chinese Tea Culture","中國茶文化",39,{"to":144,"label":145,"label_zh":146,"n":147},"\u002Farts\u002Fguqin","Guqin: Sound, History and Ways to Listen","古琴：認識聲音、歷史與聆聽方法",12,{"to":149,"label":150,"label_zh":151,"n":152},"\u002Farts\u002Fpainting","Chinese Painting: Materials, Formats and Ways of Looking","中國繪畫：材料、形制與觀看方法",15,{"to":154,"label":155,"label_zh":156,"n":16},"\u002Farts\u002Fincense","Chinese Incense Culture","中國香文化",{"to":158,"label":159,"label_zh":160,"n":21},"\u002Farts\u002Fflower-arrangement","Chinese Flower Arrangement: History, Materials and Ways of Looking","中國插花：歷史、花材與觀看方法",{"to":162,"label":163,"label_zh":164,"children":165},"\u002Fdaoism","Taoist Culture","道教文化",[166,170,174,178,183],{"to":167,"label":168,"label_zh":169,"n":16},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-deities-pantheon","Taoist Deities and the Chinese Pantheon: A Structural Guide","道教神仙與神明體系：結構與層級指南",{"to":171,"label":172,"label_zh":173,"n":21},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-temples-sacred-mountains","Taoist Temples and Sacred Mountains: A Guide to Places and Architecture","道教名山與宮觀：聖地、建築與制度指南",{"to":175,"label":176,"label_zh":177,"n":21},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-schools-lineages","Taoist Schools and Lineages: Zhengyi, Quanzhen and Historical Traditions","道教流派與傳承：正一、全真及歷史道派",{"to":179,"label":180,"label_zh":181,"n":182},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals","Taoist Festivals and Rituals: Calendars, Offerings and Community Rites","道教節日與科儀：神誕、齋醮與歲時儀式",19,{"to":184,"label":185,"label_zh":186,"n":60},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Feight-immortals","The Eight Immortals: Origins, Symbols and Taoist Legends","八仙：人物、象徵與道教傳說",{"to":188,"label":189,"label_zh":190,"children":191},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics","Chinese Metaphysics","易學與傳統術數",[192,196,200,204,208,213,217,221,225],{"to":193,"label":194,"label_zh":195,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fyin-yang-five-elements","Yin-Yang and the Five Phases in Chinese Thought","陰陽五行：理解關係與變化",{"to":197,"label":198,"label_zh":199,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fganzhi-stems-branches","Chinese Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches (Ganzhi)","天干地支（干支）：中國曆法與術數的六十迴圈",{"to":201,"label":202,"label_zh":203,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Ffeng-shui","Chinese Feng Shui: Landscape, Compass Methods and Responsible Practice","中國風水：形勢、羅盤方法與負責任實踐",{"to":205,"label":206,"label_zh":207,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fbazi-four-pillars","BaZi (Four Pillars of Destiny): How the Eight Characters Work","八字四柱命理：八個字如何構成命盤",{"to":209,"label":210,"label_zh":211,"n":212},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fzi-wei-dou-shu","Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology): How the Twelve-Palace Chart Works","紫微斗數：十二宮命盤如何運作",8,{"to":214,"label":215,"label_zh":216,"n":212},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fdate-selection","Chinese Date Selection: How Auspicious Days Are Chosen","中國擇吉：傳統吉日如何選擇",{"to":218,"label":219,"label_zh":220,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fphysiognomy","Chinese Physiognomy: Face Reading, Palm Reading and Their Limits","中國相術：面相、手相及其侷限",{"to":222,"label":223,"label_zh":224,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fdivination-arts","Chinese Divination Arts: Methods, History and Responsible Use","中國占卜術：方法、歷史與負責任使用",{"to":226,"label":227,"label_zh":228,"n":21},"\u002Fchinese-metaphysics\u002Fluoshu-hetu","The Hetu, Luoshu and Nine Palaces in Chinese Cosmology","河圖、洛書與九宮：中國傳統圖式的歷史與用途",{"to":230,"label":231,"label_zh":232,"children":233},"\u002Fwudang-mountain","Experience Wudang","武當之旅",[234,238,243,248,252,256],{"to":235,"label":236,"label_zh":237,"n":21},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fintroduction","Introduction to Wudang Mountain","初識武當山",{"to":239,"label":240,"label_zh":241,"n":242},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Ftemples-and-sites","Wudang Mountain Temples and Sacred Sites","武當山宮觀與勝蹟",3,{"to":244,"label":245,"label_zh":246,"n":247},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fplanning-a-visit","Planning a Visit to Wudang Mountain","武當山行前規劃指南",4,{"to":249,"label":250,"label_zh":251,"n":242},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fstudying-at-wudang","Studying Martial Arts at Wudang Mountain","在武當山學習武術",{"to":253,"label":254,"label_zh":255,"n":242},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Ftemple-etiquette","Wudang Temple Etiquette: A Visitor’s Guide","武當宮觀參訪禮儀",{"to":257,"label":258,"label_zh":259,"n":69},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Fpractical-reference","Wudang Mountain Practical Reference","武當山實用參考資料",{"to":261,"label":262,"label_zh":263},"\u002Fwudang-mountain\u002Feveryday-wudang","Everyday Wudang","武當日常",[265,266,267,268,269,270,271,272,273,277,281,285],{"to":8,"label":9,"label_zh":10},{"to":52,"label":53,"label_zh":54},{"to":83,"label":84,"label_zh":85},{"to":124,"label":125,"label_zh":126},{"to":162,"label":163,"label_zh":164},{"to":188,"label":189,"label_zh":190},{"to":230,"label":231,"label_zh":232},{"to":261,"label":262,"label_zh":263},{"to":274,"label":275,"label_zh":276},"\u002Fabout","About Wudang.Org","關於 Wudang.Org",{"to":278,"label":279,"label_zh":280},"\u002Fstart-here","Start Here","從這裡開始",{"to":282,"label":283,"label_zh":284},"\u002Ffind-a-practice","Find a Practice","找到適合你的修習",{"to":286,"label":287,"label_zh":288},"\u002Fteachers","Our Teachers","授課老師",{"data":290},{"all":291,"header":496,"footer":497},[292],{"to":162,"label":163,"label_zh":164,"children":293},[294,332,362,392,470],{"to":167,"label":168,"label_zh":169,"children":295},[296,300,304,308,312,316,320,324,328],{"to":297,"label":298,"label_zh":299},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-deities-pantheon\u002Fthree-pure-ones","The Three Pure Ones: Highest Deities of the Taoist Pantheon","道教三清：神明體系中的最高尊神",{"to":301,"label":302,"label_zh":303},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-deities-pantheon\u002Fjade-emperor","The Jade Emperor in Taoism: Ruler of the Celestial Bureaucracy","道教玉皇大帝：天庭官府的治理者",{"to":305,"label":306,"label_zh":307},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-deities-pantheon\u002Forigins-of-pantheon","How the Taoist Pantheon Developed: Origins of Its Gods","道教神明體系如何形成：諸神的不同來源",{"to":309,"label":310,"label_zh":311},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-deities-pantheon\u002Fcelestial-bureaucracy","Taoist Immortals and the Celestial Bureaucracy: Shen and Xian","道教神明、仙真與天庭官府：神和仙有什麼不同",{"to":313,"label":314,"label_zh":315},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-deities-pantheon\u002Fguan-yu-mazu-popular-deities","Guan Yu, Mazu and Popular Chinese Deities: How Humans Become Gods","關羽、媽祖與民間神祇：人如何成為神",{"to":317,"label":318,"label_zh":319},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-deities-pantheon\u002Fdeities-of-wudang-mountain","Deities of Wudang Mountain: Zhenwu and His Sacred Court","武當山神明：真武大帝與他的神聖侍從",{"to":321,"label":322,"label_zh":323},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-deities-pantheon\u002Fworship-temples-offerings","Taoist Temple Worship: Incense, Offerings, Vows and Donations","道教宮觀祭祀：上香、供養、許願與捐獻",{"to":325,"label":326,"label_zh":327},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-deities-pantheon\u002Fnorthern-dipper-stars-images-ritual-maps","The Northern Dipper in Daoist Culture: Stars, Images and Ritual Maps","道教文化中的北斗：星象、影像與儀式圖式",{"to":329,"label":330,"label_zh":331},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-deities-pantheon\u002Fthree-officials-sanguan-heaven-earth-water-three-yuan","The Three Officials in Daoism: Heaven, Earth, Water and the Three Yuan","道教三官大帝：天、地、水與三元節期",{"to":171,"label":172,"label_zh":173,"children":333},[334,338,342,346,350,354,358],{"to":335,"label":336,"label_zh":337},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-temples-sacred-mountains\u002Fwudang-mountain","Wudang Mountain in Taoism: Zhenwu, the Ming Court and Sacred Status","道教中的武當山：真武信仰、明廷與聖地地位",{"to":339,"label":340,"label_zh":341},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-temples-sacred-mountains\u002Fmount-longhu","Mount Longhu and the Celestial Masters: Centre of Zhengyi Taoism","龍虎山與天師道：正一道的制度中心",{"to":343,"label":344,"label_zh":345},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-temples-sacred-mountains\u002Fmount-qingcheng","Mount Qingcheng: How Organised Taoism Took Institutional Form","青城山：有組織道教如何形成制度",{"to":347,"label":348,"label_zh":349},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-temples-sacred-mountains\u002Fmount-tai","Mount Tai: China’s Foremost State Sacred Mountain","泰山：中國最重要的國家祭祀名山",{"to":351,"label":352,"label_zh":353},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-temples-sacred-mountains\u002Fwhite-cloud-temple-beijing","White Cloud Temple in Beijing: Quanzhen Taoism’s Urban Monastery","北京白雲觀：全真道的城市宮觀",{"to":355,"label":356,"label_zh":357},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-temples-sacred-mountains\u002Ftemple-architecture-sacred-geometry","How to Read Taoist Temple Architecture and Sacred Space","如何讀懂道教宮觀建築與神聖空間",{"to":359,"label":360,"label_zh":361},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-temples-sacred-mountains\u002Fpilgrimage-temple-etiquette","Taoist Pilgrimage and Temple Etiquette: A Practical Guide","道教朝山進香與宮觀禮儀：實用指南",{"to":175,"label":176,"label_zh":177,"children":363},[364,368,372,376,380,384,388],{"to":365,"label":366,"label_zh":367},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-schools-lineages\u002Fcelestial-masters-zhengyi","Zhengyi Taoism and the Celestial Masters: Householder Priests and Ritual Authority","正一道與天師道：在家道士和科儀權威",{"to":369,"label":370,"label_zh":371},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-schools-lineages\u002Fcomplete-perfection-quanzhen","Quanzhen Taoism: Monastic Life, Inner Cultivation and Wudang","全真道：出家生活、內在修煉與武當",{"to":373,"label":374,"label_zh":375},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-schools-lineages\u002Fshangqing-school","Shangqing Taoism: Highest Clarity Revelations and Inner Visualisation","上清道：最高明啟、存思與身體內的神明",{"to":377,"label":378,"label_zh":379},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-schools-lineages\u002Flingbao-tradition","Lingbao Taoism: Numinous Treasure Scriptures and Communal Ritual","靈寶道：經典、普度與共同體科儀",{"to":381,"label":382,"label_zh":383},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-schools-lineages\u002Fwu-liu-school","The Wu-Liu School: A Clearer System of Taoist Internal Alchemy","伍柳派：較為清晰的道教內丹體系",{"to":385,"label":386,"label_zh":387},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-schools-lineages\u002Fmonastic-vs-householder-priesthood","Quanzhen Monastics and Zhengyi Householder Priests: What Is the Difference?","全真出家道士與正一在家道士有什麼不同",{"to":389,"label":390,"label_zh":391},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-schools-lineages\u002Fmodern-transmission-ordination","Taoist Ordination and Lineage Today: How Transmission Is Verified","今日道教傳承與授籙傳戒：如何核實師承",{"to":179,"label":180,"label_zh":181,"children":393},[394,398,402,406,410,414,418,422,426,430,434,438,442,446,450,454,458,462,466],{"to":395,"label":396,"label_zh":397},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fjade-emperor-birthday","The Jade Emperor’s Birthday and Festivals of the Heavenly Court","玉皇誕：正月初九的意義與宮觀儀式",{"to":399,"label":400,"label_zh":401},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fzhongyuan-ghost-festival","Zhongyuan Festival: Ghost Festival, the Earth Official and Universal Salvation","中元節：七月十五、地官赦罪與普度",{"to":403,"label":404,"label_zh":405},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Flaozi-birthday","Laozi’s Birthday: From the Sage Laozi to the Divine Lord Lao","老君誕：從老子到太上老君",{"to":407,"label":408,"label_zh":409},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fdouble-ninth-festival","Double Ninth Festival: Chongyang, Longevity and Respect for Elders","重陽節：九月初九、長生觀念與敬老傳統",{"to":411,"label":412,"label_zh":413},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fjiao-offering-ritual","Jiao Rituals: Taoism’s Grand Community Offering","醮儀：道教大型共同體祭獻科儀",{"to":415,"label":416,"label_zh":417},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fzhai-purification-fasting","Zhai Rituals: Taoist Purification, Fasting and Preparation","齋儀：道教潔淨、持戒與祭前準備",{"to":419,"label":420,"label_zh":421},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Ftemple-fairs-pilgrimage","Taoist Temple Fairs and Seasonal Pilgrimage","道教廟會與朝山：宗教、集市與季節性朝聖",{"to":423,"label":424,"label_zh":425},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fdaoist-ritual-robes-garment-image-ceremony","Daoist Ritual Robes: Garment, Image and Ceremonial Role","道教法衣：衣式、影像與科儀身份",{"to":427,"label":428,"label_zh":429},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fdavid-vases-daoist-offering-blue-white-porcelain","The David Vases: A Daoist Offering and a Dated Porcelain Landmark","大維德對瓶：道觀供器與青花紀年座標",{"to":431,"label":432,"label_zh":433},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fdaoist-ritual-seals-impression-authority-documents","Daoist Ritual Seals: Impression, Authority and the Work of Documents","道教法印：印痕、權威與儀式文書",{"to":435,"label":436,"label_zh":437},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fdaoist-ritual-music-bells-drums-chant","Daoist Ritual Music: Bells, Drums, Chant and Ceremonial Time","道教科儀音樂：鍾鈴、鼓樂、經韻與儀式時間",{"to":439,"label":440,"label_zh":441},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fdaoist-lamp-rituals-light-cosmic-patterns-ceremonial-space","Daoist Lamp Rituals: Light, Cosmic Patterns and Ceremonial Space","道教燈儀：光明、星象秩序與科儀空間",{"to":443,"label":444,"label_zh":445},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fdaoist-talismans-script-ritual-action","Daoist Talismans: Script, Ritual Action and the Limits of Looking","道教符籙：書寫、科儀行動與觀看邊界",{"to":447,"label":448,"label_zh":449},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fdaoist-mirrors-reflection-cosmology-ritual-evidence","Daoist Mirrors: Reflection, Cosmology and Ritual Evidence","道教銅鏡：映照、宇宙圖式與科儀證據",{"to":451,"label":452,"label_zh":453},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fdaoist-petitions-memorials-celestial-administration","Daoist Petitions and Memorials: Writing to the Celestial Administration","道教章表：寫給天庭的儀式文書",{"to":455,"label":456,"label_zh":457},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fdaoist-registers-lu-rank-transmission-celestial-administration","Daoist Registers (Lu): Rank, Transmission and Celestial Administration","道教法籙：品秩、傳授與天曹體系",{"to":459,"label":460,"label_zh":461},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fdaoist-audience-tablets-hu-courtly-form-ritual-address","Daoist Audience Tablets (Hu): Courtly Form and Ritual Address","道教朝笏：朝儀形制與科儀奏達",{"to":463,"label":464,"label_zh":465},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fdaoist-crowns-headscarves-dress-rank-ritual-context","Daoist Crowns and Headscarves: Dress, Rank and Ritual Context","道教冠巾：衣制、職司與科儀語境",{"to":467,"label":468,"label_zh":469},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Ftaoist-festivals-rituals\u002Fdaoist-footwear-cloth-cloud-shoes-ritual-movement","Daoist Footwear: Cloth Shoes, Cloud Shoes and Ritual Movement","道教鞋履：布鞋、雲履與科儀步伐",{"to":184,"label":185,"label_zh":186,"children":471},[472,476,480,484,488,492],{"to":473,"label":474,"label_zh":475},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Feight-immortals\u002Flu-dongbin","Lü Dongbin: Scholar Immortal, Quanzhen Patriarch and Sword Bearer","呂洞賓：士人仙真、全真祖師與佩劍象徵",{"to":477,"label":478,"label_zh":479},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Feight-immortals\u002Fzhang-guolao","Zhang Guolao: Tang Recluse and Backward-Riding Immortal","張果老：唐代隱士與倒騎驢的仙人",{"to":481,"label":482,"label_zh":483},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Feight-immortals\u002Fhe-xiangu","He Xiangu: The Woman Immortal of the Eight","何仙姑：八仙中唯一的女性仙真",{"to":485,"label":486,"label_zh":487},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Feight-immortals\u002Fhan-xiangzi-lan-caihe","Han Xiangzi and Lan Caihe: Music, Flowers and Ambiguous Identity","韓湘子與藍采和：音樂、花與身份邊界",{"to":489,"label":490,"label_zh":491},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Feight-immortals\u002Fcao-guojiu-li-tieguai","Cao Guojiu and Li Tieguai: Privilege, Poverty and the Immortal Body","曹國舅與鐵柺李：特權、貧困與身體身份",{"to":493,"label":494,"label_zh":495},"\u002Fdaoism\u002Feight-immortals\u002Fzhongli-quan","Zhongli Quan: Teacher of Lü Dongbin and Patriarch of Internal Alchemy","鍾離權：呂洞賓之師與內丹祖師",[],[],{"data":499},[500,536,559,578,599,618,638,656,677,700,722],{"id":38,"uuid":501,"slug":502,"available_locales":503,"name":507,"description":510,"body":512,"path":515,"images":516,"image_urls":521,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":526,"seo_description":529,"sort_order":531,"is_active":532,"status":533,"created_at":534,"updated_at":535},"f1a30881-20c6-407b-b546-669e839a178a","feng-shui-learning",[504,505,506],"en","zh","fr",{"en":508,"zh":509},"Feng Shui Learning","風水課程",{"en":511,"zh":3},"Study feng shui as a historical Chinese tradition of interpreting orientation, form and environment—with clear limits on predictive claims.",{"en":513,"zh":514},"\u003Ch2>\u003Cem>Feng shui 風水 developed through multiple schools, texts and professional traditions. It brings together observations of landform, orientation, water, buildings and correlative cosmology. It should not be reduced to decorative rules, nor presented as a scientifically proven way to guarantee health, wealth or relationships.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>\u003Cem>Classes introduce core vocabulary, the distinction between major approaches and the cultural contexts in which feng shui has been practised. Contemporary applications are discussed critically. Students remain responsible for property, financial and personal decisions and should seek qualified professional advice where those decisions carry material consequences.\u003C\u002Fem>\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>風水形成於不同的流派、典籍與專業傳統，綜合觀察地形、方位、水勢、建築以及陰陽五行等關聯性宇宙觀。它不應被簡化為裝飾規則，也不能被宣傳為保證健康、財富或關係結果的科學方法。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>課程介紹基本術語、主要方法的差別，以及風水在歷史社會中的實踐語境，並以批判態度討論當代應用。涉及房產、財務或其他重大決定時，學員仍應根據事實判斷，並諮詢具備資質的相關專業人士。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Ffeng-shui-learning",[517,518,519,520],"wudang\u002Fevents\u002FYpvXV9T4BG3YVD0NQ150.webp","wudang\u002Fevents\u002FfhZyCVAEQXsL76XmGdVp.webp","wudang\u002Fevents\u002FAt5a8W2EGZ9IhDUbI4f3.avif","wudang\u002Fevents\u002FBKPjfYeMNJ617LWJ7tgv.avif",[522,523,524,525],"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FYpvXV9T4BG3YVD0NQ150.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FfhZyCVAEQXsL76XmGdVp.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FAt5a8W2EGZ9IhDUbI4f3.avif","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FBKPjfYeMNJ617LWJ7tgv.avif",{"en":527,"zh":528},"Feng Shui Classes and Courses","風水課程：方位、形勢與空間觀念入門",{"en":511,"zh":530},"從歷史、環境與文化語境學習風水，理解方位、形勢與空間觀念，同時明確傳統解釋與科學證據的界限。",0,true,"active","2026-07-13T05:17:57.000000Z","2026-09-25T03:51:12.000000Z",{"id":60,"uuid":537,"slug":538,"available_locales":539,"name":540,"description":543,"body":546,"path":549,"images":550,"image_urls":551,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":552,"seo_description":555,"sort_order":531,"is_active":532,"status":533,"created_at":558,"updated_at":535},"c85bf6cc-b84e-4c36-bbd7-9e92b53bbe50","internal-arts-wellness",[504,505,506],{"en":541,"zh":542},"Internal Arts & Wellness","內家功法與養生",{"en":544,"zh":545},"Classes, workshops and retreats in Baduanjin, Taijiquan, qigong and traditional practices for movement, breathing and mindful cultivation.","彙集八段錦、太極拳、氣功及傳統身心修習的課程、工作坊與靜修活動。",{"en":547,"zh":548},"\u003Cp>Explore small-group classes, workshops and retreats introducing Wudang internal arts and traditional wellness practices. Programmes may include Baduanjin, Taijiquan, qigong, standing practice, breathing and their cultural foundations.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Each listing provides its teacher, schedule, experience level and registration arrangements.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>本類別彙集武當內家功法與傳統養生修習的小班課程、工作坊及靜修活動，內容可涵蓋八段錦、太極拳、氣功、站樁、呼吸練習及相關文化基礎。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>每項活動都會註明導師、日期、適合程度與報名方式，方便參加者選擇合適的學習體驗。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Finternal-arts-wellness",[],[],{"en":553,"zh":554},"Internal Arts & Wellness Events","內家功法與養生活動",{"en":556,"zh":557},"Explore Baduanjin, Taijiquan, qigong and traditional wellness classes, workshops and retreats listed by Wudang.Org.","探索八段錦、太極拳、氣功與傳統養生課程、工作坊及靜修活動。","2026-08-16T19:23:45.000000Z",{"id":560,"uuid":561,"slug":562,"available_locales":563,"name":564,"description":567,"body":568,"path":569,"images":570,"image_urls":571,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":572,"seo_description":574,"sort_order":531,"is_active":532,"status":533,"created_at":577,"updated_at":535},10,"884ed965-8c72-49e2-acee-0fc2f7aec70a","face-reading-learning",[504,505,506],{"en":565,"zh":566},"Face Reading Learning","面相課程",[],[],"\u002Fevents\u002Fface-reading-learning",[],[],{"en":573},"Chinese Face Reading Classes and Workshops",{"en":575,"zh":576},"Learn Chinese face reading (面相) as a cultural tradition: its classical framework, history and uses, taught with clear limits on predictive claims.","把面相作為中國傳統文化來學習：認識其經典框架、歷史與用法，並清楚說明傳統詮釋的邊界。","2026-08-30T17:01:43.000000Z",{"id":579,"uuid":580,"slug":581,"available_locales":582,"name":583,"description":586,"body":588,"path":591,"images":592,"image_urls":593,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":594,"seo_description":597,"sort_order":38,"is_active":532,"status":533,"created_at":534,"updated_at":535},2,"8792a80b-d0c8-4ef9-9634-5cb91827932b","zi-wei-dou-shu-learning",[504,505,506],{"en":584,"zh":585},"Zi Wei Dou Shu Learning","紫微斗數課程",{"en":587,"zh":3},"Explore Purple Star Astrology as a traditional Chinese interpretive system, approached as cultural knowledge rather than scientific prediction.",{"en":589,"zh":590},"\u003Cp>Zi Wei Dou Shu 紫微鬥數 organises birth information through palaces, stars and patterned relationships. The system has a substantial technical vocabulary and several interpretive traditions, but its predictive claims are not established by modern scientific evidence.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Courses explain how charts are structured, how symbols are read and how historical and contemporary practitioners differ. The aim is cultural literacy and disciplined reflection—not certainty about the future. Readings do not replace medical, legal, financial, employment or psychological expertise.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>紫微斗數依據出生資訊，以宮位、星曜和彼此關係組織命盤。它具有複雜的術語與多種解釋傳統，但其預測主張並未得到現代科學證據的確立。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>課程說明命盤結構、符號閱讀方法，以及歷史與當代實踐者之間的差異。學習目的在於文化理解與有紀律的自我反思，而不是獲得關於未來的確定答案。相關解讀不能代替醫療、法律、財務、就業或心理專業意見。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Fzi-wei-dou-shu-learning",[],[],{"en":595,"zh":596},"Zi Wei Dou Shu (Purple Star Astrology) Classes","紫微斗數課程：命盤、宮位與星曜入門",{"en":587,"zh":598},"把紫微斗數作為中國傳統詮釋體系來學習，認識命盤、宮位與星曜，不把它包裝成科學預測。",{"id":247,"uuid":600,"slug":601,"available_locales":602,"name":603,"description":606,"body":607,"path":608,"images":609,"image_urls":610,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":611,"seo_description":614,"sort_order":38,"is_active":532,"status":533,"created_at":617,"updated_at":535},"09958025-4f1d-40e6-ae1c-8b1517ac824e","tea-arts",[504,505,506],{"en":604,"zh":605},"Tea Arts","茶藝",[],[],"\u002Fevents\u002Ftea-arts",[],[],{"en":612,"zh":613},"Chinese Tea Art Classes and Workshops","茶藝課程與工作坊",{"en":615,"zh":616},"Chinese tea art (茶藝) classes and workshops: tea types, brewing methods, tea-table etiquette and the quiet attention of sharing tea.","茶藝課程與工作坊：認識茶類、泡茶方法與茶席禮儀，在一席茶中體會從容與專注。","2026-08-16T17:13:57.000000Z",{"id":242,"uuid":619,"slug":620,"available_locales":621,"name":622,"description":625,"body":627,"path":630,"images":631,"image_urls":632,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":633,"seo_description":636,"sort_order":579,"is_active":532,"status":533,"created_at":534,"updated_at":535},"e52a261e-348a-4b8a-bd51-43f4e6b1d861","ba-zi-learning",[504,505,506],{"en":623,"zh":624},"Ba Zi Learning","八字課程",{"en":626,"zh":3},"Study the Four Pillars as a traditional system of stems, branches and five-phase correspondence, with history and limitations made explicit.",{"en":628,"zh":629},"\u003Cp>Ba Zi 八字 interprets year, month, day and hour through the heavenly stems, earthly branches, yin-yang and five-phase relationships. It is an influential part of Chinese metaphysical culture, not an observational science in the modern empirical sense.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Classes introduce chart structure, terminology and common interpretive methods while distinguishing tradition from evidence. Students are encouraged to treat readings as prompts for reflection and never as guarantees, diagnoses or substitutes for professional advice.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>八字以年、月、日、時四柱為框架，通過天干、地支、陰陽與五行關係進行解釋。它是中國術數文化中影響深遠的傳統體系，並非現代經驗科學。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>課程介紹命盤結構、基本術語和常見詮釋方法，同時說明傳統觀點與科學證據的差別。學員可把解讀作為反思的線索，但不應把它當作保證、診斷，或任何專業意見的替代品。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Fba-zi-learning",[],[],{"en":634,"zh":635},"BaZi (Four Pillars) Classes and Courses","八字課程：四柱、天干地支與五行入門",{"en":626,"zh":637},"學習四柱中的天干、地支與五行關係，理解其歷史與方法，也清楚區分傳統詮釋和現代實證知識。",{"id":69,"uuid":639,"slug":640,"available_locales":641,"name":642,"description":645,"body":646,"path":647,"images":648,"image_urls":649,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":650,"seo_description":653,"sort_order":579,"is_active":532,"status":533,"created_at":617,"updated_at":535},"76718b8e-3137-42fc-a257-c9e318b3e364","incense-culture",[504,505,506],{"en":643,"zh":644},"Incense Culture","香文化",[],[],"\u002Fevents\u002Fincense-culture",[],[],{"en":651,"zh":652},"Chinese Incense Culture Workshops","香文化活動與工作坊",{"en":654,"zh":655},"Workshops on Chinese incense culture (香文化): aromatic materials, traditional ways of preparing and appreciating incense, and incense as calm attention.","香文化活動與工作坊：認識香材、傳統制香與品香方式，在一爐香中練習安靜與專注。",{"id":657,"uuid":658,"slug":659,"available_locales":660,"name":661,"description":664,"body":667,"path":670,"images":671,"image_urls":672,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":673,"seo_description":675,"sort_order":579,"is_active":532,"status":533,"created_at":676,"updated_at":535},11,"c39cc557-40eb-4266-9736-7fb84891d407","i-ching-learning",[504,505,506],{"en":662,"zh":663},"I Ching Learning","易經課程",{"en":665,"zh":666},"Explore the I Ching through its hexagrams, traditional interpretive methods and historical context, with scope and limitations made explicit.","通過卦象、傳統解讀方法與歷史語境認識《易經》，並清楚說明其適用範圍與侷限。",{"en":668,"zh":669},"\u003Cp>The I Ching 易經 is a classical Chinese text centred on sixty-four hexagrams and a long history of commentary and divination. It has shaped Chinese philosophy, cosmology and metaphysical practice, but its divinatory claims are not established as modern empirical science.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Classes introduce structures, terminology and traditional methods such as Liu Yao while distinguishing cultural study from evidence. Readings should be treated as prompts for reflection, not guarantees, diagnoses or substitutes for professional advice.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>《易經》是一部以六十四卦為核心的中國經典，形成了悠久的註疏與占筮傳統，並深刻影響中國哲學、宇宙觀與術數文化；其占筮主張並非現代經驗科學所證實。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>課程介紹基本結構、術語和六爻等傳統方法，同時區分文化學習與科學證據。解讀宜作為反思線索，不應視為保證、診斷或任何專業意見的替代品。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Fi-ching-learning",[],[],{"en":674,"zh":663},"I Ching Classes and Courses",{"en":665,"zh":666},"2026-09-08T00:15:35.000000Z",{"id":21,"uuid":678,"slug":679,"available_locales":680,"name":681,"description":684,"body":687,"path":690,"images":691,"image_urls":692,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":693,"seo_description":696,"sort_order":242,"is_active":532,"status":533,"created_at":699,"updated_at":535},"ee2330c6-5a3e-4ac2-a2d1-1a0dc110c58c","traditional-arts-crafts",[504,505,506],{"en":682,"zh":683},"Traditional Arts & Crafts","傳統藝術與手作",{"en":685,"zh":686},"Hands-on workshops exploring Chinese handicrafts and decorative arts through guided making and cultural appreciation.","通過親手製作與文化欣賞，體驗中國傳統手作及裝飾藝術。",{"en":688,"zh":689},"\u003Cp>Discover practical workshops in Chinese decorative arts and handcraft traditions. Activities may include gold-leaf painting, cloisonné enamel, mother-of-pearl work, Song brocade and other guided projects.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>These welcoming sessions introduce materials, techniques and cultural context while allowing participants to complete a piece of their own.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>本類別彙集中國傳統裝飾藝術與手作體驗，內容可涵蓋金箔畫、掐絲琺琅、螺鈿工藝、宋錦及其他創作專案。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>課程以輕鬆易懂的方式介紹材料、技法與文化背景，讓參加者在導師帶領下完成屬於自己的作品。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Ftraditional-arts-crafts",[],[],{"en":694,"zh":695},"Traditional Arts & Crafts Events","傳統藝術與手作活動",{"en":697,"zh":698},"Explore Chinese handicraft and decorative arts workshops, including gold-leaf, cloisonné, mother-of-pearl and brocade.","探索金箔畫、掐絲琺琅、螺鈿、宋錦等中國傳統手作及裝飾藝術體驗。","2026-08-16T19:24:04.000000Z",{"id":212,"uuid":701,"slug":702,"available_locales":703,"name":704,"description":707,"body":710,"path":713,"images":714,"image_urls":715,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":716,"seo_description":718,"sort_order":247,"is_active":532,"status":533,"created_at":721,"updated_at":535},"824f78c1-1181-4983-bae5-77e7cdbbbc1d","wudang-community",[504,505,506],{"en":705,"zh":706},"Wudang Community","武當社群活動",{"en":708,"zh":709},"Talks, broadcasts and community gatherings connecting people with Wudang culture, learning and living practice.","通過講座、直播與社群聚會，連線武當文化、學習與日常實踐。",{"en":711,"zh":712},"\u003Cp>Wudang Community brings together public talks, livestreams, gatherings and shared cultural activities connected with Wudang.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>These programmes create welcoming ways to meet practitioners, explore ideas and participate in a growing community of learning and practice.\u003C\u002Fp>","\u003Cp>武當社群活動彙集與武當文化相關的公開講座、直播、聚會及共享文化體驗。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>這些活動以友善開放的方式連線練習者與學習者，讓大家交流心得、認識傳統，並共同參與持續發展的文化社群。\u003C\u002Fp>","\u002Fevents\u002Fwudang-community",[],[],{"en":717,"zh":706},"Wudang Community Events",{"en":719,"zh":720},"Discover Wudang community talks, broadcasts and gatherings connecting people with culture, learning and living practice.","探索連線武當文化、學習與日常實踐的講座、直播及社群聚會。","2026-08-16T19:24:18.000000Z",{"id":16,"uuid":723,"slug":724,"available_locales":725,"name":726,"description":729,"body":730,"path":731,"images":732,"image_urls":733,"hero_image":3,"hero_image_url":3,"seo_title":734,"seo_description":737,"sort_order":69,"is_active":532,"status":533,"created_at":740,"updated_at":535},"25641c0b-8e5a-46d7-9b18-95c344015f97","wudang-journeys-retreats",[504,505,506],{"en":727,"zh":728},"Wudang Journeys & Retreats","武當旅修與行程",[],[],"\u002Fevents\u002Fwudang-journeys-retreats",[],[],{"en":735,"zh":736},"Wudang Mountain Retreats and Guided Journeys","武當山旅修與靜修行程",{"en":738,"zh":739},"Guided journeys and retreats to Wudang Mountain that combine practice, temple visits and cultural learning, with itineraries and expectations set out clearly.","前往武當山的旅修與靜修：結合修習、宮觀參訪與文化學習，提前說明行程安排與參加須知。","2026-08-18T11:09:38.000000Z",{"data":742},{"hero_type":743,"hero_image":744,"hero_image_alt":745,"hero_youtube_id":746,"hero_content_on":532,"hero_heading":747,"hero_subheading":748,"hero_text":749,"hero_subheading_zh":750,"hero_text_zh":751,"hero_buttons":752,"home_seo":758,"page_layout":764,"shop_enabled":765,"contact":766,"journey":782},"image","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fsite\u002Fwudanghomepagehero.webp","Wudang mountain temple in mist","VgirFbjpiy4","武當文化，道在日常\nWudang Culture, Practised with Purpose","A place for learning. A home for living culture.","Explore Taoist thought, internal arts, literati traditions and Wudang Mountain through grounded learning in Singapore and beyond.","這裡既是學習之地，也是讓文化融入日常的所在。","從道家思想、內家武術、文人雅藝與武當山出發，以清晰、踏實的方式，在新加坡及世界各地認識和體驗武當文化。",[753,755],{"label":754,"link":278},"Start Your Wudang Journey",{"label":756,"link":757},"View Events & Courses","\u002Fevents",{"title":759,"description":761},{"en":760,"zh":3},"Wudang Mountain: Tai Chi, Qigong & Taoist Culture",{"en":762,"zh":763},"Explore Wudang Mountain through Tai Chi, Qigong, Daoist philosophy, martial arts, traditional arts, wellness, culture and everyday life in Wudang.","從太極、氣功、道家思想、武術、傳統雅藝與養生文化認識武當山，探索武當文化及武當山的日常生活。","sidebar",false,{"methods":767,"has_any":532,"text":775},{"email":768,"whatsapp":769,"wechat_id":770,"wechat_qr_url":771,"instagram":772,"instagram_handle":773,"facebook":774,"facebook_handle":773},"hello@wudang.org","+6588169599","Cldjcll0305","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fcontact\u002Fkcs9Z5IEY7CugW2mEYA8.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.instagram.com\u002Fleewudang.sg","@leewudang.sg","https:\u002F\u002Fwww.facebook.com\u002Fleewudang.sg\u002F",{"china_heading_en":776,"china_heading_zh":777,"china_company_en":778,"china_company_zh":779,"china_address_en":780,"china_address_zh":781},"China Operations","中國運營","Xunwei Wudang Co., Ltd.","尋味武當有限公司","No. 72 Jianhe 2nd Road, Wangjiayuan, Wudang Mountain, Shiyan, Hubei, China","湖北省十堰市武當山王家園劍河二路72號",{"title_en":3,"title_zh":3,"intro_en":3,"intro_zh":3,"enabled":532},{"data":784},{"to":399,"type":785,"available_locales":786,"is_content_page":532,"title":787,"subtitle":788,"body":791,"hero_image_url":794,"hero_width":795,"hero_height":796,"hero_image_alt":797,"hero_image_decorative":765,"hero_credit":3,"hero_alt":800,"hero_style":801,"card_layout":802,"link_type":3,"link_ref":3,"seo_title":803,"seo_description":806,"children":809},"page",[504,505,506],{"en":400,"zh":401},{"en":789,"zh":790},"Why Taoist Zhongyuan and Buddhist Yulanpen share the seventh lunar month, and what universal salvation means","同一天的道教中元與佛教盂蘭盆、三官信仰，以及祭祀亡者的實際做法",{"en":792,"zh":793},"\u003Cp>The fifteenth day of the seventh lunar month is the largest festival of the Taoist year after New Year, and the one most likely to be misunderstood by visitors. In English it is usually called the Ghost Festival, which is accurate about the subject matter and misleading about the tone.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>It is not a Chinese Halloween. There is no costume, no play at being frightened, and nothing celebratory about the dead. The occasion is closer to a large-scale administrative amnesty combined with a public relief operation, conducted on behalf of people who have no one else to act for them.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>Why Zhongyuan and Yulanpen Share the Same Date\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>The first thing to establish is that two distinct religious observances fall on this date, with different names, different explanations and different liturgies. They coexist, they have influenced each other heavily, and most families observing the day do not distinguish them.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The Taoist festival is \u003Cstrong>Zhongyuan\u003C\u002Fstrong>, the middle of the three \u003Cem>yuan\u003C\u002Fem> festivals that divide the year into thirds. It belongs to the Official of Earth, the second of the Three Officials of Heaven, Earth and Water. Its logic is judicial and administrative: on this day the Official of Earth reviews records and remits punishment.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The Buddhist festival is \u003Cstrong>Yulanpen\u003C\u002Fstrong>, based on a scriptural story in which the monk Maudgalyayana finds his mother suffering in a lower realm and is told that he cannot rescue her by his own merit alone but must make offerings to the monastic community, whose collective merit can be transferred. Its logic is filial and merit-based rather than judicial.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The overlap is old and was never resolved, because there was no authority interested in resolving it. Taoist ritual absorbed the structure of transferable merit and universal salvation from Buddhism during the fifth century, when the Lingbao scriptures were composed; Buddhist practice absorbed the Chinese calendar and the ancestral framing. By the Tang the day was a general public occasion, and it has stayed that way.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Practically, this means that on the same evening in the same town you may find a Taoist temple performing a documentary rite addressed to the Official of Earth, a Buddhist temple performing a merit-transfer service, and a street association burning offerings with no clergy present at all. None of these is the correct version.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>The Earth Official and the Remission of Sins at Zhongyuan\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>The Taoist explanation depends on the administrative premise. Moral accounting in Chinese religion is conceived as bookkeeping: conduct is recorded, records are held by officials, and consequences follow from the record. The Official of Earth holds jurisdiction over that domain.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>On his festival he conducts a review. Sentences may be reduced, records amended, and detained souls released or advanced. The technical term is remission of sins — \u003Cem>shezui\u003C\u002Fem>. The mechanism is documentary: the correct way to participate is to have a petition submitted on behalf of a named person, living or dead, and this is precisely what a Taoist temple does on the day.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Two features of this are worth noticing. The first is that it is not a personal transaction with a merciful figure; it is an application within a system, and the liturgy has the form of a submission with names, dates and a seal. The second is that it is transferable. You can petition on behalf of someone who cannot petition for themselves, which is what makes the festival's charitable dimension possible.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Because the whole month is understood as the period when the lower administration's gates are open, many regions treat the seventh month as a whole rather than the fifteenth day alone. Businesses may avoid opening on inauspicious days within it, weddings and house moves are often postponed, and swimming is discouraged in some areas. Whether an individual believes any of this varies enormously; the customs persist independently of belief.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>Who the “Ghosts” of Zhongyuan Are\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>The category that matters here is not the ancestral dead. Ancestors are cared for by their own descendants, at graves in the spring and at home shrines throughout the year, and they are not the problem the festival addresses.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The festival addresses the dead who have no one: people who died without descendants, who died away from home, who drowned or were killed in accidents or war, whose graves were lost, whose names are unknown. In Chinese religious logic these are the dangerous dead, not because they are malicious by nature but because they are unprovided for and therefore have needs that nobody is meeting.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The polite term used in Fujian and Taiwan is \u003Cem>haoxiongdi\u003C\u002Fem>, \"good brothers\". The euphemism is deliberate and revealing: you address them courteously, as you would address anyone whose help or forbearance you needed, and you avoid naming what they are.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>This tells you what kind of moral idea the festival contains. The obligation runs to strangers, specifically to the strangers with the weakest possible claim on anyone. A community that spends money feeding and petitioning for unrelated, unnamed, long-dead people is expressing something fairly precise about the limits of kinship obligation. It is one of the few large-scale expressions of impersonal charity in traditional Chinese religious practice.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>How Households Observe the Zhongyuan Festival\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>Household observance varies by region, but the common elements are recognisable.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>An offering table is set out, often in the late afternoon or evening, and often outside the house or at the doorway rather than at the ancestral shrine — because the recipients are not family and are not invited inside. Offerings are cooked food rather than the raw or purely vegetarian offerings appropriate to high celestial deities. Rice, meat dishes, fruit, cigarettes and drinks are all common. The food is not wasted; it is eaten afterwards by the household.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Paper goods are burned: spirit money, and in many places paper clothing, since the dead in question are assumed to lack everything. Incense is offered. Some families invite a priest to submit a petition; many do not.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>In parts of southern China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and Southeast Asia, small offerings appear on pavements, at roadsides and at the boundaries of housing estates through the month. If you are in one of these places in the seventh month, you will see this. The correct behaviour is simply not to disturb it — do not step over or on offerings, do not photograph people at prayer without asking, and do not treat burning offerings as street decoration.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>The Zhongyuan Universal Salvation Rite\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>The communal form of the festival is \u003Cem>pudu\u003C\u002Fem>, universal deliverance. This is the large public rite, funded by a neighbourhood, a market, a guild, a temple's lay association or a whole town, and performed either at a temple or on a temporary altar erected in the open.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Its structure follows the Lingbao pattern established in the fifth century. The space is enclosed and purified; the celestial administration is notified in writing; the dead are summoned by proclamation, which is necessary because they must be given standing to attend; offerings are presented on a large scale; a scripture is recited; and the dead are then released, dispatched or transferred to a better condition. A document is burned at the end, because the transaction has to be filed.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The scale can be considerable: multi-day rites, altars several metres high, hundreds of tables of offerings, printed lists of donors displayed at the site. The economics are worth stating plainly, because they are not hidden: pudu is expensive, subscription is public, and the donor list is a social document as much as a religious one. This has been true since at least the Ming and is not a modern commercialisation.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Distinctive regional additions include floating water lanterns to guide the drowned, which is spectacular and photographed heavily, and in a few places in Taiwan a competitive climb for offerings mounted on a greased tower, an event that was banned for long periods as dangerous and has been revived in controlled form.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>Regional Forms of the Zhongyuan Festival\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>The festival looks quite different depending on where you encounter it, and the differences are historically informative rather than incidental.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>In Hong Kong, the largest observances are organised by Chiu Chow community associations, descendants of migrant communities from eastern Guangdong, and are held in parks and public spaces over several days with Buddhist and Taoist clergy, opera and rice distribution. Some are recognised as intangible cultural heritage.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>In Taiwan, the seventh month is observed intensively through the whole month, with a formal opening and closing of the gates of the underworld at particular temples, and with pudu organised by neighbourhoods, temples, companies and government offices in succession. Keelung's observance is among the best known.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>In mainland China the picture is more varied. In some areas the day is primarily a grave-visiting and paper-burning occasion with no clergy involved; in others large temple rites are conducted. Coastal Fujian and Guangdong resemble the Taiwanese and Hong Kong pattern closely, for obvious reasons of shared origin.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Across Southeast Asia the festival travelled with Chinese migration and often became a major community event, in some places with street opera and auctions of blessed objects whose proceeds fund the following year's rite.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>How to Attend a Zhongyuan Observance Respectfully\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>The festival is public and visitors are not excluded, but a few things are worth knowing in advance.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>The atmosphere at a large pudu is busy, loud and social rather than sombre — there is food, conversation, sometimes opera and often a substantial crowd. This is not disrespect. The solemn part is the liturgy at the altar, and the boundary between the two is understood by everyone present.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>Practical courtesies: do not walk between the officiating clergy and the altar; do not step on or over offerings on the ground; no flash and no video with sound during the liturgy; nothing photographed from the front along the axis past the officiant. Ask before photographing individuals, especially families at their own offering tables. If offered food, it is acceptable to accept, and in most contexts refusing is the odder choice.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>One thing to avoid entirely: treating the occasion as a curiosity about superstition. Many of the people present are performing an obligation on behalf of dead strangers, at their own expense, in a form that has been maintained for around fifteen hundred years. Whatever one makes of the metaphysics, that is not a trivial thing to be doing.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cblockquote>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>Sources and limits.\u003C\u002Fstrong> This page draws on the Lingbao ritual tradition of universal salvation, standard studies of the Zhongyuan and Yulanpen observances and their interaction, and ethnographic accounts of festival practice in Fujian, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Southeast Asia. Regional variation is very large; the practices described are common forms rather than universal rules. No liturgical text is reproduced.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fblockquote>\u003Ch2>Key Points About the Zhongyuan Festival\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cul>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>The fifteenth day of the seventh lunar month carries two distinct observances: Taoist Zhongyuan and Buddhist Yulanpen, with different logics and liturgies.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>Zhongyuan is the middle of the three \u003Cem>yuan\u003C\u002Fem> festivals and belongs to the Official of Earth, whose function is judicial: reviewing records and remitting punishment.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>Taoist ritual absorbed transferable merit and universal salvation from Buddhism in the fifth-century Lingbao scriptures; the two traditions have shaped each other ever since.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>The dead addressed are not ancestors but those with no one to provide for them — the unnamed, the drowned, the descendantless. In Fujian and Taiwan they are politely called \"good brothers\".\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>Participation is documentary: a petition naming a person is submitted, and merit is transferable, which is what makes charity for strangers possible.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>Household offerings are set outside or at the doorway, use cooked food rather than pure vegetarian offerings, and are eaten by the family afterwards.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>\u003Cem>Pudu\u003C\u002Fem>, the communal rite, follows the Lingbao pattern: enclose, notify in writing, summon, offer, recite, release, and file the document by burning it.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>Public subscription and displayed donor lists are original features of the festival, not modern commercialisation.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>A large pudu is loud and sociable; that is not disrespect. The solemnity is located at the altar, and everyone present knows where the boundary is.\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>","\u003Cp>農曆七月十五是道教一年中除新年之外最大的節日，也是最容易被訪客誤解的一個。西文裡通常稱之為“鬼節”，就題材而言不錯，就氣氛而言則相當誤導。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>它不是中國的萬聖節。沒有化裝，沒有假作驚懼，對亡者也毫無慶賀之意。這個場合更接近於一次大規模的行政赦免，加上一場公共救濟，代那些無人替其出面的人辦理。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>中元與盂蘭盆為何在同一天\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>首先要確認的是：這一天有兩項不同的宗教活動，名稱不同、解釋不同、科儀不同。它們並存，彼此影響極深，而多數過節的家庭並不加區分。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>道教的節是\u003Cstrong>中元\u003C\u002Fstrong>，三元中之第二，把一年三分。它屬地官，即天、地、水三官中的第二位。其邏輯是司法與行政的：這一日地官檢覆簿籍，赦免罪罰。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>佛教的節是\u003Cstrong>盂蘭盆\u003C\u002Fstrong>，出自經中所述目連見母受苦於惡趣，被告知單憑己力無法救拔，須供養僧團，藉其共修之功德迴向。其邏輯是孝親與功德，而非司法。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>兩者的重疊由來已久，且從未被釐清，因為沒有哪個權威有意去釐清。道教科儀在五世紀靈寶經出現之際，即從佛教吸收了功德可以轉移與普度眾生的結構；佛教的做法則吸收了中國的歷法與祖先的框架。到唐代，此日已是普遍的公共場合，此後一直如此。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>就實際情形說：同一晚、同一座城裡，你可能看到道觀在向地官行文書科儀，佛寺在做功德迴向的法會，而街坊會社在焚化供品、全無教職人員在場。這些都不是“正確版本”。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>還有一點值得說明：兩個節共用一個日期，也共用一套民間的解釋。多數人家所說的“七月半”，其內容是祖先、孤魂、紙錢與忌諱的混合體，既不專屬道教，也不專屬佛教。若你問一位主辦者這屬於哪一教，得到的答覆常常是“照老規矩辦”——這不是迴避，而是對實際情形的準確描述。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>中元節中的地官與赦罪\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>道教的解釋依賴那條行政前提。中國宗教把道德核算構想為記賬：行為被記錄，簿籍由官員掌管，後果由簿籍推出。地官轄管這一領域。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>在他的節日裡，他進行檢覆。刑期可以減免，簿籍可以更正，被系的魂靈可以釋放或超升。術語即“赦罪”。其機制是文書性的：正確的參與方式是替某個具名的人——生者或亡者——遞上一份狀文，而這正是道觀在這一天所做的事。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>其中兩點值得注意。第一，這不是與某位慈悲者之間的私人交易，而是在一套系統內提出申請，科儀的形式就是一份具名、具日期、加印的呈文。第二，它是可以代辦的。你可以替無法自陳者陳情，這正是該節日之慈善面向得以成立的原因。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>由於整個七月被理解為下層行政門戶開啟的時期，許多地區把七月整月而非僅十五日視為節期。商家可能避開月內的不吉之日開張，婚事與搬遷常被推後，某些地方不鼓勵下水游泳。個人是否相信其中任何一條，差別極大；而習俗的存續與信不信並無關係。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>順帶說明“開鬼門”這一說法的位置。它是民間與部分宮廟的表述，把七月初一至月末設想為下界門戶開啟的一段時間。道教科儀文本本身較少用這種說法，而更常用赦罪、檢覆、超度一類行政語彙。兩種說法並行，前者形象，後者是制度性的。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>中元節所說的亡者是誰\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>此處關鍵的類別不是祖先。祖先由自己的子孫照料——春日上墳，家中神位常年供奉——他們不是這個節日要處理的問題。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>這個節日面向的是無人照料的亡者：無後而終者，客死異鄉者，溺亡者，死於意外或戰亂者，墳塋失落者，姓名不知者。按中國宗教的邏輯，這些是危險的亡者，不是因為其本性兇惡，而是因為無人供給，故有需求而無人應之。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>閩臺一帶的客氣稱法是“好兄弟”。這個避諱用語是有意的，也很能說明問題：你以禮相待，如同對待任何你需要其幫助或寬容的人，並且避免直呼其實。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>這就告訴了你這個節日包含哪一類道德觀念。義務指向陌生人，而且尤其指向那些對任何人都最沒有資格提出要求的陌生人。一個共同體花錢去供養、去替毫不相干、姓名不詳、亡故已久的人陳情，這相當精確地表達了親屬義務的邊界之外還有什麼。這是傳統中國宗教實踐中為數不多的大規模非人格化慈善表現之一。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>另有一層不容忽視：這套觀念也解釋了中國社會為何格外重視有後。無後並非只是家族的遺憾，在這套宗教邏輯裡，它意味著死後無人供給、無人陳情，因而落入需要陌生人代辦的那一類。中元節所救濟的，正是這一制度的失敗案例。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>家戶如何過中元節\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>家戶的做法因地而異，但共同的要素是可以辨認的。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>設一張供桌，多在午後或入夜，且多設在屋外或門口，而不設在祖先神位前——因為受供者不是家人，不請入內。供品是熟食，而不是適用於高階天神的生食或純素之供。米飯、葷菜、水果、香菸、飲料都常見。食物不浪費，事後由家人吃掉。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>焚化紙品：紙錢，許多地方還焚紙衣，因為所指的亡者被認為一無所有。上香。有些家庭延請道士遞狀，多數不請。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>在中國南方部分地區、香港、臺灣與東南亞，整個七月裡，人行道邊、路口與小區邊界上會出現小份的供品。若你在七月身處這些地方，必會看到。正確的舉動很簡單：不要去擾動它——不要跨過或踩到供品，不要未經詢問就拍攝祝禱中的人，也不要把焚化中的供品當作街頭景觀。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>供品的選擇也遵循同一套等級觀念。奉給高階天神的供品素淨、置高；奉給祖先的是家常飯菜、置於神位前；奉給孤魂的是熟食、葷素不忌、置於屋外地面附近。位置的高低、食物的生熟與葷素，都在標示受供者的身份與距離。這套編碼不需要文字說明，看一眼供桌就能讀出來。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>中元節的普度科儀\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>節日的共同體形式是\u003Cstrong>普度\u003C\u002Fstrong>。這是大型公共法事，由街坊、市場、行會、宮觀的善會或整個市鎮集資，或在宮觀內舉行，或在露天搭設臨時壇場舉行。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>其結構沿襲五世紀確立的靈寶範式：圍合併潔淨壇場；以文書通報天曹；以榜文召請亡者，此步必要，因為須使其獲得到場的名分；大規模陳設供養；誦經；然後釋放、遣送或超升。終了焚化一份文書，因為這樁事必須歸檔。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>規模可以相當大：連日數天的法事，高達數米的壇，數百桌供品，現場張貼印好的捐資名錄。經濟一面不妨直說，因為它並不隱蔽：普度花費不小，認捐是公開的，捐資名錄既是宗教檔案也是社會檔案。這至少自明代以來即是如此，不是現代的商業化。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>各地特有的新增項包括：放水燈以引導溺亡者，場面壯觀、被大量拍攝；臺灣少數地方另有攀爬塗油高架搶奪供品的比賽，因危險而長期被禁，后以受控的形式恢復。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>另需指出，普度所動用的組織能力，往往超出宗教本身。集資、採買、搭壇、請戲、派米、安排交通與清運，全靠地方會社的既有網路。許多地方的中元組織同時也是平日裡辦喪、修廟、調解糾紛的團體。節日之所以穩固，一部分原因是它依託的社會組織本來就在運轉。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>中元節在各地的不同形態\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>你在何處遇到這個節，它的樣子會很不相同，而這些差別在史學上是有資訊量的，不是偶然的。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>香港規模最大的活動由潮州社群的會社主辦，其成員是粵東移民的後裔，在公園與公共空間連辦數日，佛道兩教教職人員皆到，有戲，有派米。部分已被列為非物質文化遺產。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>臺灣的七月整月都在密集舉行，特定宮廟有正式的開鬼門與關鬼門，普度則由街坊、宮廟、公司與公家機關依序辦理。基隆的中元祭是其中最知名者之一。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>中國大陸的情形更為多樣。有些地區此日主要是上墳與焚紙，全無教職人員參與；有些地區則舉行大型宮觀法事。閩粵沿海與臺港的形態高度相似，原因顯然在於同源。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>東南亞各地，此節隨華人移民而至，往往成為重要的社群活動，有些地方有街戲與“標福物”的競標，所得用於次年的法事。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>時間上也需留意：家戶的供祭多在午後至入夜，大型普度常持續到深夜，放水燈則通常在夜間近水處舉行。若打算前往，宜檢視主辦方公告的時段，並預留返程安排——節期當日的交通與平日很不相同。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Ch2>怎樣尊重地參與中元節活動\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cp>這個節日是公開的，不排斥訪客，但有幾件事值得事先知道。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>大型普度現場的氣氛是忙碌、喧鬧、社交性的，而非肅穆——有吃食，有交談，有時有戲，常有相當多的人。這不是不敬。肅穆的部分在壇前的科儀，而兩者之間的界線，在場的人都明白。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>實際的禮節：不要在主壇法師與壇案之間穿行；不要踩踏或跨越地上的供品；科儀進行時不用閃光燈、不錄帶聲音的影像；不要從正面沿中軸越過主壇法師拍攝。拍攝個人前先詢問，尤其是在自家供桌前的家庭。若有人請你吃東西，接受是可以的；在多數場合，推卻反倒更奇怪。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cp>有一件事應完全避免：把這個場合當作觀察“迷信”的獵奇物件。在場的許多人是在自費替亡故的陌生人履行一項義務，其形式已維持了約一千五百年。無論你如何看待其中的形而上學，這不是一件可以輕慢的事。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003Cblockquote>\u003Cp>\u003Cstrong>資料與限度。\u003C\u002Fstrong>本頁依據靈寶一系的普度科儀傳統、關於中元與盂蘭盆及其互動的通行研究，以及閩、臺、港與東南亞節日實踐的田野記述。地方差異極大；所述做法為常見形式，不是通行規則。本頁不復制任何科儀文本。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fblockquote>\u003Ch2>中元節要點\u003C\u002Fh2>\u003Cul>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>七月十五承載兩項不同的活動：道教中元與佛教盂蘭盆，邏輯與科儀各異。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>中元是三元之中，屬地官，其職能是司法性的：檢覆簿籍、赦免罪罰。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>道教科儀於五世紀靈寶經中吸收了功德轉移與普度的結構，此後兩教互相塑造。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>所面向的亡者不是祖先，而是無人供給者——姓名不詳者、溺亡者、無後者。閩臺客稱“好兄弟”。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>參與方式是文書性的：遞上具名狀文；功德可代辦，這使得為陌生人行善成為可能。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>家戶供桌設於屋外或門口，用熟食而非純素之供，事後由家人食用。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>普度沿襲靈寶範式：圍合、書面通報、召請、陳供、誦經、釋放，最後焚文歸檔。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>公開認捐與張貼捐資名錄是此節固有的特徵，不是現代商業化。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003Cli>\u003Cp>大型普度喧鬧而熱絡，這不是不敬；肅穆之處在壇前，界線人人皆知。\u003C\u002Fp>\u003C\u002Fli>\u003C\u002Ful>","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fpages\u002FAJ9OPYxdFtTQ0Rms4LCP.webp",1920,600,{"en":798,"zh":799},"On a lantern-lit riverbank, families kneel to set floating lamps on the water, while robed officiants stand at an altar laden with offerings behind them.","燈籠照亮的河岸邊，一家家人跪坐著把河燈放入水中，身後幾位身著長袍的主持者站在擺滿供品的祭壇前。",{"en":798,"zh":799},"banner","list",{"en":804,"zh":805},"Zhongyuan Ghost Festival: Taoist Origins and Rituals","中元節：七月十五、地官赦罪、普度與祭祖",{"en":807,"zh":808},"Understand the Zhongyuan Ghost Festival, the Earth Official’s remission of sins, universal salvation and its relationship with Buddhist Yulanpen.","認識農曆七月十五中元節，理解地官赦罪、普度、祭祀亡者，以及道教中元與佛教盂蘭盆之間的關係。",[],{"data":811},[812,888,989,1080],{"id":813,"slug":814,"available_locales":815,"path":816,"title":817,"venue":820,"hero_image_url":3,"card_image_url":823,"card_landscape_url":824,"lifecycle":825,"session_mode":826,"sessions":827,"next_session":887},15601,"liu-yao-beginner-course",[504,505,506],"\u002Fevents\u002Fi-ching-learning\u002Fliu-yao-beginner-course",{"en":818,"zh":819},"Liu Yao Beginner Course","六爻初級課",{"en":821,"zh":822},"Singapore","新加坡","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FQzqp0uXPJyVi3CvdDM1S.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002Fvariants\u002FQzqp0uXPJyVi3CvdDM1S-16x9.webp","upcoming","choose_one",[828,847,860,873],{"status":829,"date_slug":830,"time_label":831,"timezone_abbr":832,"date_label":833,"date_label_fr":834,"date_short_fr":835,"date_only_fr":836,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":837,"date_label_zh":838,"date_short":839,"date_short_zh":840,"date_only":841,"date_only_zh":842,"is_multi_day":765,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":38,"month_short":843,"month_long":844,"month_num":657,"year":845,"weekday_short":846,"weekday_index":531},"scheduled","2026-11-01","9:00am–5:00pm","SGT","Sunday, 1 November 2026","dimanche 1 novembre 2026","dim. 1 nov.","1 nov. 2026","09:00–17:00","2026年11月1日 星期日","Sun 1 Nov","11月1日 週日","1 Nov 2026","2026年11月1日","Nov","November",2026,"Sun",{"status":829,"date_slug":848,"time_label":831,"timezone_abbr":832,"date_label":849,"date_label_fr":850,"date_short_fr":851,"date_only_fr":852,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":837,"date_label_zh":853,"date_short":854,"date_short_zh":855,"date_only":856,"date_only_zh":857,"is_multi_day":765,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":858,"month_short":843,"month_long":844,"month_num":657,"year":845,"weekday_short":859,"weekday_index":60},"2026-11-21","Saturday, 21 November 2026","samedi 21 novembre 2026","sam. 21 nov.","21 nov. 2026","2026年11月21日 星期六","Sat 21 Nov","11月21日 週六","21 Nov 2026","2026年11月21日",21,"Sat",{"status":829,"date_slug":861,"time_label":831,"timezone_abbr":832,"date_label":862,"date_label_fr":863,"date_short_fr":864,"date_only_fr":865,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":837,"date_label_zh":866,"date_short":867,"date_short_zh":868,"date_only":869,"date_only_zh":870,"is_multi_day":765,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":147,"month_short":871,"month_long":872,"month_num":147,"year":845,"weekday_short":859,"weekday_index":60},"2026-12-12","Saturday, 12 December 2026","samedi 12 décembre 2026","sam. 12 déc.","12 déc. 2026","2026年12月12日 星期六","Sat 12 Dec","12月12日 週六","12 Dec 2026","2026年12月12日","Dec","December",{"status":829,"date_slug":874,"time_label":831,"timezone_abbr":832,"date_label":875,"date_label_fr":876,"date_short_fr":877,"date_only_fr":878,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":837,"date_label_zh":879,"date_short":880,"date_short_zh":881,"date_only":882,"date_only_zh":883,"is_multi_day":765,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":137,"month_short":884,"month_long":885,"month_num":38,"year":886,"weekday_short":846,"weekday_index":531},"2027-01-17","Sunday, 17 January 2027","dimanche 17 janvier 2027","dim. 17 janv.","17 janv. 2027","2027年1月17日 星期日","Sun 17 Jan","1月17日 週日","17 Jan 2027","2027年1月17日","Jan","January",2027,{"status":829,"date_slug":830,"time_label":831,"timezone_abbr":832,"date_label":833,"date_label_fr":834,"date_short_fr":835,"date_only_fr":836,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":837,"date_label_zh":838,"date_short":839,"date_short_zh":840,"date_only":841,"date_only_zh":842,"is_multi_day":765,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":38,"month_short":843,"month_long":844,"month_num":657,"year":845,"weekday_short":846,"weekday_index":531},{"id":889,"slug":890,"available_locales":891,"path":892,"title":893,"venue":896,"hero_image_url":897,"card_image_url":897,"card_landscape_url":898,"lifecycle":825,"session_mode":826,"sessions":899,"next_session":988},78700,"baduanjin-workshop-september",[504,505,506],"\u002Fevents\u002Finternal-arts-wellness\u002Fbaduanjin-workshop-september",{"en":894,"zh":895},"Baduanjin Workshop — November 2026 Sessions","古法八段錦 · 2026年11月班",{"en":821,"zh":822},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FWU46jadRUq4I84xPdaTQ.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002Fvariants\u002FCQB6xxmg8kF7eqWPQgAl-16x9.webp",[900,917,929,942,953,954,965,976],{"status":901,"date_slug":902,"time_label":903,"timezone_abbr":832,"date_label":904,"date_label_fr":905,"date_short_fr":906,"date_only_fr":907,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":908,"date_label_zh":909,"date_short":910,"date_short_zh":911,"date_only":912,"date_only_zh":913,"is_multi_day":765,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":914,"month_short":915,"month_long":916,"month_num":16,"year":845,"weekday_short":846,"weekday_index":531},"completed","2026-09-13","10:00am–12:00pm","Sunday, 13 September 2026","dimanche 13 septembre 2026","dim. 13 sept.","13 sept. 2026","10:00–12:00","2026年9月13日 星期日","Sun 13 Sep","9月13日 週日","13 Sep 2026","2026年9月13日",13,"Sep","September",{"status":901,"date_slug":918,"time_label":903,"timezone_abbr":832,"date_label":919,"date_label_fr":920,"date_short_fr":921,"date_only_fr":922,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":908,"date_label_zh":923,"date_short":924,"date_short_zh":925,"date_only":926,"date_only_zh":927,"is_multi_day":765,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":928,"month_short":915,"month_long":916,"month_num":16,"year":845,"weekday_short":846,"weekday_index":531},"2026-09-27","Sunday, 27 September 2026","dimanche 27 septembre 2026","dim. 27 sept.","27 sept. 2026","2026年9月27日 星期日","Sun 27 Sep","9月27日 週日","27 Sep 2026","2026年9月27日",27,{"status":901,"date_slug":930,"time_label":903,"timezone_abbr":832,"date_label":931,"date_label_fr":932,"date_short_fr":933,"date_only_fr":934,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":908,"date_label_zh":935,"date_short":936,"date_short_zh":937,"date_only":938,"date_only_zh":939,"is_multi_day":765,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":247,"month_short":940,"month_long":941,"month_num":560,"year":845,"weekday_short":846,"weekday_index":531},"2026-10-04","Sunday, 4 October 2026","dimanche 4 octobre 2026","dim. 4 oct.","4 oct. 2026","2026年10月4日 星期日","Sun 4 Oct","10月4日 週日","4 Oct 2026","2026年10月4日","Oct","October",{"status":901,"date_slug":943,"time_label":903,"timezone_abbr":832,"date_label":944,"date_label_fr":945,"date_short_fr":946,"date_only_fr":947,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":908,"date_label_zh":948,"date_short":949,"date_short_zh":950,"date_only":951,"date_only_zh":952,"is_multi_day":765,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":657,"month_short":940,"month_long":941,"month_num":560,"year":845,"weekday_short":846,"weekday_index":531},"2026-10-11","Sunday, 11 October 2026","dimanche 11 octobre 2026","dim. 11 oct.","11 oct. 2026","2026年10月11日 星期日","Sun 11 Oct","10月11日 週日","11 Oct 2026","2026年10月11日",{"status":829,"date_slug":830,"time_label":903,"timezone_abbr":832,"date_label":833,"date_label_fr":834,"date_short_fr":835,"date_only_fr":836,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":908,"date_label_zh":838,"date_short":839,"date_short_zh":840,"date_only":841,"date_only_zh":842,"is_multi_day":765,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":38,"month_short":843,"month_long":844,"month_num":657,"year":845,"weekday_short":846,"weekday_index":531},{"status":829,"date_slug":955,"time_label":903,"timezone_abbr":832,"date_label":956,"date_label_fr":957,"date_short_fr":958,"date_only_fr":959,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":908,"date_label_zh":960,"date_short":961,"date_short_zh":962,"date_only":963,"date_only_zh":964,"is_multi_day":765,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":212,"month_short":843,"month_long":844,"month_num":657,"year":845,"weekday_short":846,"weekday_index":531},"2026-11-08","Sunday, 8 November 2026","dimanche 8 novembre 2026","dim. 8 nov.","8 nov. 2026","2026年11月8日 星期日","Sun 8 Nov","11月8日 週日","8 Nov 2026","2026年11月8日",{"status":829,"date_slug":966,"time_label":903,"timezone_abbr":832,"date_label":967,"date_label_fr":968,"date_short_fr":969,"date_only_fr":970,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":908,"date_label_zh":971,"date_short":972,"date_short_zh":973,"date_only":974,"date_only_zh":975,"is_multi_day":765,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":152,"month_short":843,"month_long":844,"month_num":657,"year":845,"weekday_short":846,"weekday_index":531},"2026-11-15","Sunday, 15 November 2026","dimanche 15 novembre 2026","dim. 15 nov.","15 nov. 2026","2026年11月15日 星期日","Sun 15 Nov","11月15日 週日","15 Nov 2026","2026年11月15日",{"status":829,"date_slug":977,"time_label":903,"timezone_abbr":832,"date_label":978,"date_label_fr":979,"date_short_fr":980,"date_only_fr":981,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":908,"date_label_zh":982,"date_short":983,"date_short_zh":984,"date_only":985,"date_only_zh":986,"is_multi_day":765,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":987,"month_short":843,"month_long":844,"month_num":657,"year":845,"weekday_short":846,"weekday_index":531},"2026-11-22","Sunday, 22 November 2026","dimanche 22 novembre 2026","dim. 22 nov.","22 nov. 2026","2026年11月22日 星期日","Sun 22 Nov","11月22日 週日","22 Nov 2026","2026年11月22日",22,{"status":829,"date_slug":830,"time_label":903,"timezone_abbr":832,"date_label":833,"date_label_fr":834,"date_short_fr":835,"date_only_fr":836,"date_range_label_fr":3,"time_label_fr":908,"date_label_zh":838,"date_short":839,"date_short_zh":840,"date_only":841,"date_only_zh":842,"is_multi_day":765,"date_range_label":3,"date_range_label_zh":3,"day_of_month":38,"month_short":843,"month_long":844,"month_num":657,"year":845,"weekday_short":846,"weekday_index":531},{"id":990,"slug":991,"available_locales":992,"path":993,"title":994,"venue":997,"hero_image_url":3,"card_image_url":998,"card_landscape_url":999,"lifecycle":825,"session_mode":826,"sessions":1000,"next_session":1079},11823,"i-ching-beginner-course-singapore",[504,505],"\u002Fevents\u002Fi-ching-learning\u002Fi-ching-beginner-course-singapore",{"en":995,"zh":996},"I Ching Beginner Course in Singapore","新加坡易經入門課程",{"en":821,"zh":822},"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FJwpNJzsusDghcVRnEeFK.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002Fvariants\u002FJwpNJzsusDghcVRnEeFK-16x9.webp",[1001,1018,1033,1048,1063],{"status":901,"date_slug":1002,"time_label":1003,"timezone_abbr":832,"date_label":1004,"date_label_fr":1005,"date_short_fr":1006,"date_only_fr":1007,"date_range_label_fr":1008,"time_label_fr":1009,"date_label_zh":1010,"date_short":1011,"date_short_zh":1012,"date_only":1013,"date_only_zh":1014,"is_multi_day":532,"date_range_label":1015,"date_range_label_zh":1016,"day_of_month":182,"month_short":940,"month_long":941,"month_num":560,"year":845,"weekday_short":1017,"weekday_index":38},"2026-10-19","7:00–5:00pm","Monday, 19 October 2026","lundi 19 octobre 2026","lun. 19 oct.","19 oct. 2026","19 oct. 2026 – 24 oct. 2026","19:00–17:00","2026年10月19日 星期一","Mon 19 Oct","10月19日 週一","19 Oct 2026","2026年10月19日","19–24 Oct 2026","2026年10月19日–24日","Mon",{"status":829,"date_slug":1019,"time_label":1003,"timezone_abbr":832,"date_label":1020,"date_label_fr":1021,"date_short_fr":1022,"date_only_fr":1023,"date_range_label_fr":1024,"time_label_fr":1009,"date_label_zh":1025,"date_short":1026,"date_short_zh":1027,"date_only":1028,"date_only_zh":1029,"is_multi_day":532,"date_range_label":1030,"date_range_label_zh":1031,"day_of_month":1032,"month_short":843,"month_long":844,"month_num":657,"year":845,"weekday_short":1017,"weekday_index":38},"2026-11-16","Monday, 16 November 2026","lundi 16 novembre 2026","lun. 16 nov.","16 nov. 2026","16 nov. 2026 – 21 nov. 2026","2026年11月16日 星期一","Mon 16 Nov","11月16日 週一","16 Nov 2026","2026年11月16日","16–21 Nov 2026","2026年11月16日–21日",16,{"status":829,"date_slug":1034,"time_label":1003,"timezone_abbr":832,"date_label":1035,"date_label_fr":1036,"date_short_fr":1037,"date_only_fr":1038,"date_range_label_fr":1039,"time_label_fr":1009,"date_label_zh":1040,"date_short":1041,"date_short_zh":1042,"date_only":1043,"date_only_zh":1044,"is_multi_day":532,"date_range_label":1045,"date_range_label_zh":1046,"day_of_month":1047,"month_short":871,"month_long":872,"month_num":147,"year":845,"weekday_short":1017,"weekday_index":38},"2026-12-14","Monday, 14 December 2026","lundi 14 décembre 2026","lun. 14 déc.","14 déc. 2026","14 déc. 2026 – 19 déc. 2026","2026年12月14日 星期一","Mon 14 Dec","12月14日 週一","14 Dec 2026","2026年12月14日","14–19 Dec 2026","2026年12月14日–19日",14,{"status":829,"date_slug":1049,"time_label":1003,"timezone_abbr":832,"date_label":1050,"date_label_fr":1051,"date_short_fr":1052,"date_only_fr":1053,"date_range_label_fr":1054,"time_label_fr":1009,"date_label_zh":1055,"date_short":1056,"date_short_zh":1057,"date_only":1058,"date_only_zh":1059,"is_multi_day":532,"date_range_label":1060,"date_range_label_zh":1061,"day_of_month":1062,"month_short":884,"month_long":885,"month_num":38,"year":886,"weekday_short":1017,"weekday_index":38},"2027-01-18","Monday, 18 January 2027","lundi 18 janvier 2027","lun. 18 janv.","18 janv. 2027","18 janv. 2027 – 23 janv. 2027","2027年1月18日 星期一","Mon 18 Jan","1月18日 週一","18 Jan 2027","2027年1月18日","18–23 Jan 2027","2027年1月18日–23日",18,{"status":829,"date_slug":1064,"time_label":1003,"timezone_abbr":832,"date_label":1065,"date_label_fr":1066,"date_short_fr":1067,"date_only_fr":1068,"date_range_label_fr":1069,"time_label_fr":1009,"date_label_zh":1070,"date_short":1071,"date_short_zh":1072,"date_only":1073,"date_only_zh":1074,"is_multi_day":532,"date_range_label":1075,"date_range_label_zh":1076,"day_of_month":152,"month_short":1077,"month_long":1078,"month_num":579,"year":886,"weekday_short":1017,"weekday_index":38},"2027-02-15","Monday, 15 February 2027","lundi 15 février 2027","lun. 15 févr.","15 févr. 2027","15 févr. 2027 – 20 févr. 2027","2027年2月15日 星期一","Mon 15 Feb","2月15日 週一","15 Feb 2027","2027年2月15日","15–20 Feb 2027","2027年2月15日–20日","Feb","February",{"status":829,"date_slug":1019,"time_label":1003,"timezone_abbr":832,"date_label":1020,"date_label_fr":1021,"date_short_fr":1022,"date_only_fr":1023,"date_range_label_fr":1024,"time_label_fr":1009,"date_label_zh":1025,"date_short":1026,"date_short_zh":1027,"date_only":1028,"date_only_zh":1029,"is_multi_day":532,"date_range_label":1030,"date_range_label_zh":1031,"day_of_month":1032,"month_short":843,"month_long":844,"month_num":657,"year":845,"weekday_short":1017,"weekday_index":38},{"id":1081,"slug":1082,"available_locales":1083,"path":1084,"title":1085,"venue":1088,"hero_image_url":1091,"card_image_url":1091,"card_landscape_url":1092,"lifecycle":825,"session_mode":826,"sessions":1093,"next_session":1141},68445,"tai-chi-retreat-camp-singapore",[504,505,506],"\u002Fevents\u002Finternal-arts-wellness\u002Ftai-chi-retreat-camp-singapore",{"en":1086,"zh":1087},"Tai Chi Retreat Camp in Singapore | Lee Wudang SG","新加坡太極靜修營｜李武當",{"en":1089,"zh":1090},"Near Great World MRT Station, Singapore","新加坡大世界地鐵站附近","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002FwiNxtUpXWzFVpsQa5BLY.webp","https:\u002F\u002Fimg.wudang.org\u002Ffiles\u002Fwudang\u002Fevents\u002Fvariants\u002FwiNxtUpXWzFVpsQa5BLY-16x9.webp",[1094,1111,1126],{"status":829,"date_slug":1095,"time_label":1096,"timezone_abbr":832,"date_label":1097,"date_label_fr":1098,"date_short_fr":1099,"date_only_fr":1100,"date_range_label_fr":1101,"time_label_fr":1102,"date_label_zh":1103,"date_short":1104,"date_short_zh":1105,"date_only":1106,"date_only_zh":1107,"is_multi_day":532,"date_range_label":1108,"date_range_label_zh":1109,"day_of_month":928,"month_short":843,"month_long":844,"month_num":657,"year":845,"weekday_short":1110,"weekday_index":69},"2026-11-27","9:00am–6:00pm","Friday, 27 November 2026","vendredi 27 novembre 2026","ven. 27 nov.","27 nov. 2026","27 nov. 2026 – 29 nov. 2026","09:00–18:00","2026年11月27日 星期五","Fri 27 Nov","11月27日 週五","27 Nov 2026","2026年11月27日","27–29 Nov 2026","2026年11月27日–29日","Fri",{"status":829,"date_slug":1112,"time_label":1096,"timezone_abbr":832,"date_label":1113,"date_label_fr":1114,"date_short_fr":1115,"date_only_fr":1116,"date_range_label_fr":1117,"time_label_fr":1102,"date_label_zh":1118,"date_short":1119,"date_short_zh":1120,"date_only":1121,"date_only_zh":1122,"is_multi_day":532,"date_range_label":1123,"date_range_label_zh":1124,"day_of_month":1125,"month_short":871,"month_long":872,"month_num":147,"year":845,"weekday_short":1110,"weekday_index":69},"2026-12-25","Friday, 25 December 2026","vendredi 25 décembre 2026","ven. 25 déc.","25 déc. 2026","25 déc. 2026 – 27 déc. 2026","2026年12月25日 星期五","Fri 25 Dec","12月25日 週五","25 Dec 2026","2026年12月25日","25–27 Dec 2026","2026年12月25日–27日",25,{"status":829,"date_slug":1127,"time_label":1096,"timezone_abbr":832,"date_label":1128,"date_label_fr":1129,"date_short_fr":1130,"date_only_fr":1131,"date_range_label_fr":1132,"time_label_fr":1102,"date_label_zh":1133,"date_short":1134,"date_short_zh":1135,"date_only":1136,"date_only_zh":1137,"is_multi_day":532,"date_range_label":1138,"date_range_label_zh":1139,"day_of_month":1140,"month_short":884,"month_long":885,"month_num":38,"year":886,"weekday_short":1110,"weekday_index":69},"2027-01-29","Friday, 29 January 2027","vendredi 29 janvier 2027","ven. 29 janv.","29 janv. 2027","29 janv. 2027 – 31 janv. 2027","2027年1月29日 星期五","Fri 29 Jan","1月29日 週五","29 Jan 2027","2027年1月29日","29–31 Jan 2027","2027年1月29日–31日",29,{"status":829,"date_slug":1095,"time_label":1096,"timezone_abbr":832,"date_label":1097,"date_label_fr":1098,"date_short_fr":1099,"date_only_fr":1100,"date_range_label_fr":1101,"time_label_fr":1102,"date_label_zh":1103,"date_short":1104,"date_short_zh":1105,"date_only":1106,"date_only_zh":1107,"is_multi_day":532,"date_range_label":1108,"date_range_label_zh":1109,"day_of_month":928,"month_short":843,"month_long":844,"month_num":657,"year":845,"weekday_short":1110,"weekday_index":69}]